WHAM: Reconstructing World-grounded Humans with Accurate 3D Motion
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Abstract (arXiv)
The estimation of 3D human motion from video has progressed rapidly but current methods still have several key limitations. First, most methods estimate the human in camera coordinates. Second, prior work on estimating humans in global coordinates often assumes a flat ground plane and produces foot sliding. Third, the most accurate methods rely on computationally expensive optimization pipelines, limiting their use to offline applications. Finally, existing video-based methods are surprisingly less accurate than single-frame methods. We address these limitations with WHAM (World-grounded Humans with Accurate Motion), which accurately and efficiently reconstructs 3D human motion in a global coordinate system from video. WHAM learns to lift 2D keypoint sequences to 3D using motion capture data and fuses this with video features, integrating motion context and visual information. WHAM exploits camera angular velocity estimated from a SLAM method together with human motion to estimate the body's global trajectory. We combine this with a contact-aware trajectory refinement method that lets WHAM capture human motion in diverse conditions, such as climbing stairs. WHAM outperforms all existing 3D human motion recovery methods across multiple in-the-wild benchmarks. Code will be available for research purposes at http://wham.is.tue.mpg.de/
Key facts. Cited by 200 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 49 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Dec 2023.
Builds on
49 of 60 references.
References · 49
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- 2023Humans in 4D: Reconstructing and Tracking Humans with Transformerscited by 344
37 more
- 2021PARE: Part Attention Regressor for 3D Human Body Estimationcited by 334
- 2021HuMoR: 3D Human Motion Model for Robust Pose Estimationcited by 319
- 2018Learning 3D Human Dynamics from Videocited by 315
- 2020HybrIK: A Hybrid Analytical-Neural Inverse Kinematics Solution for 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 304
- 2020I2L-MeshNet: Image-to-Lixel Prediction Network for Accurate 3D Human Pose and Mesh Estimation from a Single RGB Imagecited by 274
- 2019Convolutional Mesh Regression for Single-Image Human Shape Reconstructioncited by 270
- 2020Pose2Mesh: Graph Convolutional Network for 3D Human Pose and Mesh Recovery from a 2D Human Posecited by 248
- 2022CLIFF: Carrying Location Information in Full Frames into Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 237
- 2023BEDLAM: A Synthetic Dataset of Bodies Exhibiting Detailed Lifelike Animated Motioncited by 229
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- 2020STAR: Sparse Trained Articulated Human Body Regressorcited by 194
- 2022MotionBERT: A Unified Perspective on Learning Human Motion Representationscited by 188
- 2022Deep Patch Visual Odometrycited by 186
- 2022Capturing and Inferring Dense Full-Body Human-Scene Contactcited by 176
- 2019Distribution-Aware Coordinate Representation for Human Pose Estimationcited by 165
- 2020Beyond Static Features for Temporally Consistent 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Videocited by 162
- 2023SMPLer-X: Scaling Up Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 154
- 2022PyMAF-X: Towards Well-aligned Full-body Model Regression from Monocular Imagescited by 152
- 2021GLAMR: Global Occlusion-Aware Human Mesh Recovery with Dynamic Camerascited by 151
- 2022Physical Inertial Poser (PIP): Physics-aware Real-time Human Motion Tracking from Sparse Inertial Sensorscited by 144
- 2023Decoupling Human and Camera Motion from Videos in the Wildcited by 140
- 2021SPEC: Seeing People in the Wild with an Estimated Cameracited by 134
- 2023One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformercited by 128
- 20203D Human Motion Estimation via Motion Compression and Refinementcited by 98
- 2023EMDB: The Electromagnetic Database of Global 3D Human Pose and Shape in the Wildcited by 95
- 2023TRACE: 5D Temporal Regression of Avatars with Dynamic Cameras in 3D Environmentscited by 89
- 2020NeuralAnnot: Neural Annotator for 3D Human Mesh Training Setscited by 62
- 2021Encoder-decoder with Multi-level Attention for 3D Human Shape and Pose Estimationcited by 62
- 2022Capturing Humans in Motion: Temporal-Attentive 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation from Monocular Videocited by 59
- 2023ReFit: Recurrent Fitting Network for 3D Human Recoverycited by 47
- 2023Global-to-Local Modeling for Video-based 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 46
- 2023NIKI: Neural Inverse Kinematics with Invertible Neural Networks for 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 45
- 20233D Human Mesh Estimation from Virtual Markerscited by 44
- 20204D Human Body Capture from Egocentric Video via 3D Scene Groundingcited by 43
- 2023Three Recipes for Better 3D Pseudo-GTs of 3D Human Mesh Estimation in the Wildcited by 9
- 2022SmartMocap: Joint Estimation of Human and Camera Motion using Uncalibrated RGB Camerascited by 8
- 2023GloPro: Globally-Consistent Uncertainty-Aware 3D Human Pose Estimation & Tracking in the Wildcited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 41; 2025: 78; 2026: 80.
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- 2024FIction: 4D Future Interaction Prediction from Videocited by 8
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- 2025MoCapAnything: Unified 3D Motion Capture for Arbitrary Skeletons from Monocular Videoscited by 8
- 2024RoDyGS: Robust Dynamic Gaussian Splatting for Casual Videoscited by 7
- 2025GAITGen: Disentangled Motion-Pathology Impaired Gait Generative Model -- Bringing Motion Generation to the Clinical Domaincited by 7
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- 2025Perceiving and Acting in First-Person: A Dataset and Benchmark for Egocentric Human-Object-Human Interactionscited by 7
50 most cited of 200 All 200 (JSON)
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- 2024Deep Patch Visual SLAMcited by 68
- 2024CameraHMR: Aligning People with Perspectivecited by 64
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12 most cited of 185 All 185 (JSON)
- 2026PACT: End-to-End Learning of Human Pose, Contacts, and Forces from Video30 Sep 2026
- 2026Ego-Exo4D Human Meshes Dataset: 4D Human Motion Reconstruction for Ego-Exo Captures24 Sep 2026
- 2026BeyondRetarget: Learning Executable Humanoid Motions Directly from Monocular Video24 Sep 2026
- 2026WildHSR: Metric Feed-Forward 4D People-Scene Reconstruction from a 3D Foundation Model24 Sep 2026
- 2026Prosthesis-Aware 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Dataset and Benchmark for RSP Users16 Sep 2026
- 2026Field Converter: Geometry-Initialized Temporal Residual Refinement for World-Grounded Player Pose Estimation from Soccer Broadcasts9 Sep 2026
- 2026From Where to How: Continuous 4D Interaction Forecasting from Egocentric Video8 Sep 2026
- 2026SynthGait-19K: A Physically Grounded Synthetic Video Dataset for Gait Parameter Estimation8 Sep 2026
- 2026MINT: A Unified Model for World-Space Camera and Hand Motion Estimation from Scalable Egocentric Pipeline Supervision4 Sep 2026
- 2026MoSign: Challenge-Response Motion-Watermark Authentication for Anonymous Virtual-Reality Users30 Aug 2026
- 2026Biomechanical 3D Body: Self-Supervised Distillation of Biomechanical Pose from a 3D Body Foundation Model30 Aug 2026
- 2026More Motion Is Not Always Better Motion: Corpus Composition Governs Whether Augmentation Helps SMPL-Based Parkinsonian Gait Severity Estimation24 Aug 2026
12 newest of 185 All 185 (JSON)