mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

TLControl: Trajectory and Language Control for Human Motion Synthesis

arXiv 2311.17135 ↗First posted 28 Nov 2023cs.CV cs.GRcited by 94

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Cited by 20 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

Controllable human motion synthesis is essential for applications in AR/VR, gaming and embodied AI. Existing methods often focus solely on either language or full trajectory control, lacking precision in synthesizing motions aligned with user-specified trajectories, especially for multi-joint control. To address these issues, we present TLControl, a novel method for realistic human motion synthesis, incorporating both low-level Trajectory and high-level Language semantics controls, through the integration of neural-based and optimization-based techniques. Specifically, we begin with training a VQ-VAE for a compact and well-structured latent motion space organized by body parts. We then propose a Masked Trajectories Transformer (MTT) for predicting a motion distribution conditioned on language and trajectory. Once trained, we use MTT to sample initial motion predictions given user-specified partial trajectories and text descriptions as conditioning. Finally, we introduce a test-time optimization to refine these coarse predictions for precise trajectory control, which offers flexibility by allowing users to specify various optimization goals and ensures high runtime efficiency. Comprehensive experiments show that TLControl significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art in trajectory accuracy and time efficiency, making it practical for interactive and high-quality animation generation.

Key facts. Cited by 94 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 52 of its 80 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Nov 2023.

Builds on

52 of 80 references.

References · 52

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  3. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,058
  4. 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,712
  5. 2016Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmaxcited by 2,739
  6. 2022Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 1,080
  7. 2022MotionDiffuse: Text-Driven Human Motion Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 780
  8. 2023T2M-GPT: Generating Human Motion from Textual Descriptions with Discrete Representationscited by 588
  9. 2022Executing your Commands via Motion Diffusion in Latent Spacecited by 575
  10. 2023MotionGPT: Human Motion as a Foreign Languagecited by 527
  11. 2021Action-Conditioned 3D Human Motion Synthesis with Transformer VAEcited by 501
  12. 2022TEMOS: Generating diverse human motions from textual descriptionscited by 492
38 more
  1. 2021AI Choreographer: Music Conditioned 3D Dance Generation with AIST++cited by 485
  2. 2020Action2Motion: Conditioned Generation of 3D Human Motionscited by 441
  3. 2022MotionCLIP: Exposing Human Motion Generation to CLIP Spacecited by 408
  4. 2022PhysDiff: Physics-Guided Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 368
  5. 2022TM2T: Stochastic and Tokenized Modeling for the Reciprocal Generation of 3D Human Motions and Textscited by 359
  6. 2023Human Motion Diffusion as a Generative Priorcited by 357
  7. 2016The KIT Motion-Language Datasetcited by 338
  8. 2021HuMoR: 3D Human Motion Model for Robust Pose Estimationcited by 324
  9. 2019Language2Pose: Natural Language Grounded Pose Forecastingcited by 257
  10. 2023OmniControl: Control Any Joint at Any Time for Human Motion Generationcited by 238
  11. 2021Robust Motion In-betweeningcited by 229
  12. 2023Guided Motion Diffusion for Controllable Human Motion Synthesiscited by 223
  13. 2022FLAME: Free-form Language-based Motion Synthesis & Editingcited by 217
  14. 2021Stochastic Scene-Aware Motion Predictioncited by 203
  15. 2023TMR: Text-to-Motion Retrieval Using Contrastive 3D Human Motion Synthesiscited by 198
  16. 2022Listen, Denoise, Action! Audio-Driven Motion Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 190
  17. 2022TEACH: Temporal Action Composition for 3D Humanscited by 176
  18. 2021DanceFormer: Music Conditioned 3D Dance Generation with Parametric Motion Transformercited by 111
  19. 2023CALM: Conditional Adversarial Latent Models for Directable Virtual Characterscited by 94
  20. 2022QuestSim: Human Motion Tracking from Sparse Sensors with Simulated Avatarscited by 77
  21. 2021Scene-aware Generative Network for Human Motion Synthesiscited by 70
  22. 2022Motion Puzzle: Arbitrary Motion Style Transfer by Body Partcited by 64
  23. 2021Single-Shot Motion Completion with Transformercited by 59
  24. 2022MoDi: Unconditional Motion Synthesis from Diverse Datacited by 59
  25. 2023C·ASE: Learning Conditional Adversarial Skill Embeddings for Physics-based Characterscited by 55
  26. 2023PADL: Language-Directed Physics-Based Character Controlcited by 48
  27. 2023Hierarchical Generation of Human-Object Interactions with Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 43
  28. 2023PMP: Learning to Physically Interact with Environments using Part-wise Motion Priorscited by 38
  29. 2020Perpetual Motion: Generating Unbounded Human Motioncited by 36
  30. 2023Robust and Versatile Bipedal Jumping Control through Reinforcement Learningcited by 36
  31. 2023Skinned Motion Retargeting with Residual Perception of Motion Semantics & Geometrycited by 35
  32. 2023Learning Human-to-Robot Handovers from Point Cloudscited by 34
  33. 2023Learning and Adapting Agile Locomotion Skills by Transferring Experiencecited by 33
  34. 2023QuestEnvSim: Environment-Aware Simulated Motion Tracking from Sparse Sensorscited by 28
  35. 2022Learn to Predict How Humans Manipulate Large-sized Objects from Interactive Motionscited by 21
  36. 2022Neural3Points: Learning to Generate Physically Realistic Full-body Motion for Virtual Reality Userscited by 21
  37. 2023What is the Best Automated Metric for Text to Motion Generation?cited by 19
  38. 2022Learning Variational Motion Prior for Video-based Motion Capturecited by 17

50 most cited of 52 All 52 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 24; 2025: 38; 2026: 30.

94 papers.

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  1. 2024MotionLCM: Real-time Controllable Motion Generation via Latent Consistency Modelcited by 168
  2. 2023EMDM: Efficient Motion Diffusion Model for Fast and High-Quality Motion Generationcited by 89
  3. 2024Rethinking Diffusion for Text-Driven Human Motion Generation: Redundant Representations, Evaluation, and Masked Autoregressioncited by 85
  4. 2025Go to Zero: Towards Zero-shot Motion Generation with Million-scale Datacited by 68
  5. 2024CoMo: Controllable Motion Generation through Language Guided Pose Code Editingcited by 67
  6. 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generationcited by 65
  7. 2024InterDreamer: Zero-Shot Text to 3D Dynamic Human-Object Interactioncited by 64
  8. 2024ScaMo: Exploring the Scaling Law in Autoregressive Motion Generation Modelcited by 53
  9. 2025TokenHSI: Unified Synthesis of Physical Human-Scene Interactions through Task Tokenizationcited by 51
  10. 2024Motion-Agent: A Conversational Framework for Human Motion Generation with LLMscited by 47
  11. 2025SALAD: Skeleton-aware Latent Diffusion for Text-driven Motion Generation and Editingcited by 39
  12. 2024MaskControl: Spatio-Temporal Control for Masked Motion Synthesiscited by 38
38 more
  1. 2024SMooDi: Stylized Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 37
  2. 2026Kimodo: Scaling Controllable Human Motion Generationcited by 37
  3. 2024Enabling Synergistic Full-Body Control in Prompt-Based Co-Speech Motion Generationcited by 35
  4. 2023Disentangled Clothed Avatar Generation from Text Descriptionscited by 33
  5. 2025Absolute Coordinates Make Motion Generation Easycited by 29
  6. 2025SimMotionEdit: Text-Based Human Motion Editing with Motion Similarity Predictioncited by 27
  7. 2025UniPhys: Unified Planner and Controller with Diffusion for Flexible Physics-Based Character Controlcited by 25
  8. 2024PACER+: On-Demand Pedestrian Animation Controller in Driving Scenarioscited by 24
  9. 2024KinMo: Kinematic-aware Human Motion Understanding and Generationcited by 21
  10. 2025Fg-T2M++: LLMs-Augmented Fine-Grained Text Driven Human Motion Generationcited by 21
  11. 2024Pay Attention and Move Better: Harnessing Attention for Interactive Motion Generation and Training-free Editingcited by 18
  12. 2025Ego4o: Egocentric Human Motion Capture and Understanding from Multi-Modal Inputcited by 17
  13. 2025Sketch2Anim: Towards Transferring Sketch Storyboards into 3D Animationcited by 17
  14. 2025SemGeoMo: Dynamic Contextual Human Motion Generation with Semantic and Geometric Guidancecited by 16
  15. 2025SocialGen: Modeling Multi-Human Social Interaction with Language Modelscited by 14
  16. 2024SCENIC: Scene-aware Semantic Navigation with Instruction-guided Controlcited by 13
  17. 2025MixerMDM: Learnable Composition of Human Motion Diffusion Modelscited by 13
  18. 2024SIMS: Simulating Stylized Human-Scene Interactions with Retrieval-Augmented Script Generationcited by 12
  19. 2025CoDA: Coordinated Diffusion Noise Optimization for Whole-Body Manipulation of Articulated Objectscited by 12
  20. 2025MOSPA: Human Motion Generation Driven by Spatial Audiocited by 12
  21. 2025Motion-example-controlled Co-speech Gesture Generation Leveraging Large Language Modelscited by 11
  22. 2025Text2Interact: High-Fidelity and Diverse Text-to-Two-Person Interaction Generationcited by 11
  23. 2024Generative Motion Stylization of Cross-structure Characters within Canonical Motion Spacecited by 10
  24. 2024DICE: End-to-end Deformation Capture of Hand-Face Interactions from a Single Imagecited by 9
  25. 2025Motion Synthesis with Sparse and Flexible Keyjoint Controlcited by 9
  26. 2024Diffusion Models are Efficient Data Generators for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 8
  27. 2024MotionWavelet: Human Motion Prediction via Wavelet Manifold Learningcited by 8
  28. 2025Progressive Human Motion Generation Based on Text and Few Motion Framescited by 8
  29. 2025Motion Generation: A Survey of Generative Approaches and Benchmarkscited by 8
  30. 2024FORCE: Physics-aware Human-object Interactioncited by 7
  31. 2025ModSkill: Physical Character Skill Modularizationcited by 7
  32. 2025StyleMotif: Multi-Modal Motion Stylization using Style-Content Cross Fusioncited by 7
  33. 2025EgoReAct: Egocentric Video-Driven 3D Human Reaction Generationcited by 7
  34. 2026ARDY: Autoregressive Diffusion with Hybrid Representation for Interactive Human Motion Generationcited by 7
  35. 2025HumanMM: Global Human Motion Recovery from Multi-shot Videoscited by 6
  36. 2025Towards Robust and Controllable Text-to-Motion via Masked Autoregressive Diffusioncited by 6
  37. 2025DIMO: Diverse 3D Motion Generation for Arbitrary Objectscited by 6
  38. 2026ProjFlow: Projection Sampling with Flow Matching for Zero-Shot Exact Spatial Motion Controlcited by 5

50 most cited of 94 All 94 (JSON)