TLControl: Trajectory and Language Control for Human Motion Synthesis
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Cited by 20 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.
Abstract (arXiv)
Controllable human motion synthesis is essential for applications in AR/VR, gaming and embodied AI. Existing methods often focus solely on either language or full trajectory control, lacking precision in synthesizing motions aligned with user-specified trajectories, especially for multi-joint control. To address these issues, we present TLControl, a novel method for realistic human motion synthesis, incorporating both low-level Trajectory and high-level Language semantics controls, through the integration of neural-based and optimization-based techniques. Specifically, we begin with training a VQ-VAE for a compact and well-structured latent motion space organized by body parts. We then propose a Masked Trajectories Transformer (MTT) for predicting a motion distribution conditioned on language and trajectory. Once trained, we use MTT to sample initial motion predictions given user-specified partial trajectories and text descriptions as conditioning. Finally, we introduce a test-time optimization to refine these coarse predictions for precise trajectory control, which offers flexibility by allowing users to specify various optimization goals and ensures high runtime efficiency. Comprehensive experiments show that TLControl significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art in trajectory accuracy and time efficiency, making it practical for interactive and high-quality animation generation.
Key facts. Cited by 94 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 52 of its 80 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Nov 2023.
Builds on
52 of 80 references.
References · 52
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,058
- 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,712
- 2016Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmaxcited by 2,739
- 2022Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 1,080
- 2022MotionDiffuse: Text-Driven Human Motion Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 780
- 2023T2M-GPT: Generating Human Motion from Textual Descriptions with Discrete Representationscited by 588
- 2022Executing your Commands via Motion Diffusion in Latent Spacecited by 575
- 2023MotionGPT: Human Motion as a Foreign Languagecited by 527
- 2021Action-Conditioned 3D Human Motion Synthesis with Transformer VAEcited by 501
- 2022TEMOS: Generating diverse human motions from textual descriptionscited by 492
38 more
- 2021AI Choreographer: Music Conditioned 3D Dance Generation with AIST++cited by 485
- 2020Action2Motion: Conditioned Generation of 3D Human Motionscited by 441
- 2022MotionCLIP: Exposing Human Motion Generation to CLIP Spacecited by 408
- 2022PhysDiff: Physics-Guided Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 368
- 2022TM2T: Stochastic and Tokenized Modeling for the Reciprocal Generation of 3D Human Motions and Textscited by 359
- 2023Human Motion Diffusion as a Generative Priorcited by 357
- 2016The KIT Motion-Language Datasetcited by 338
- 2021HuMoR: 3D Human Motion Model for Robust Pose Estimationcited by 324
- 2019Language2Pose: Natural Language Grounded Pose Forecastingcited by 257
- 2023OmniControl: Control Any Joint at Any Time for Human Motion Generationcited by 238
- 2021Robust Motion In-betweeningcited by 229
- 2023Guided Motion Diffusion for Controllable Human Motion Synthesiscited by 223
- 2022FLAME: Free-form Language-based Motion Synthesis & Editingcited by 217
- 2021Stochastic Scene-Aware Motion Predictioncited by 203
- 2023TMR: Text-to-Motion Retrieval Using Contrastive 3D Human Motion Synthesiscited by 198
- 2022Listen, Denoise, Action! Audio-Driven Motion Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 190
- 2022TEACH: Temporal Action Composition for 3D Humanscited by 176
- 2021DanceFormer: Music Conditioned 3D Dance Generation with Parametric Motion Transformercited by 111
- 2023CALM: Conditional Adversarial Latent Models for Directable Virtual Characterscited by 94
- 2022QuestSim: Human Motion Tracking from Sparse Sensors with Simulated Avatarscited by 77
- 2021Scene-aware Generative Network for Human Motion Synthesiscited by 70
- 2022Motion Puzzle: Arbitrary Motion Style Transfer by Body Partcited by 64
- 2021Single-Shot Motion Completion with Transformercited by 59
- 2022MoDi: Unconditional Motion Synthesis from Diverse Datacited by 59
- 2023C·ASE: Learning Conditional Adversarial Skill Embeddings for Physics-based Characterscited by 55
- 2023PADL: Language-Directed Physics-Based Character Controlcited by 48
- 2023Hierarchical Generation of Human-Object Interactions with Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 43
- 2023PMP: Learning to Physically Interact with Environments using Part-wise Motion Priorscited by 38
- 2020Perpetual Motion: Generating Unbounded Human Motioncited by 36
- 2023Robust and Versatile Bipedal Jumping Control through Reinforcement Learningcited by 36
- 2023Skinned Motion Retargeting with Residual Perception of Motion Semantics & Geometrycited by 35
- 2023Learning Human-to-Robot Handovers from Point Cloudscited by 34
- 2023Learning and Adapting Agile Locomotion Skills by Transferring Experiencecited by 33
- 2023QuestEnvSim: Environment-Aware Simulated Motion Tracking from Sparse Sensorscited by 28
- 2022Learn to Predict How Humans Manipulate Large-sized Objects from Interactive Motionscited by 21
- 2022Neural3Points: Learning to Generate Physically Realistic Full-body Motion for Virtual Reality Userscited by 21
- 2023What is the Best Automated Metric for Text to Motion Generation?cited by 19
- 2022Learning Variational Motion Prior for Video-based Motion Capturecited by 17
50 most cited of 52 All 52 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 24; 2025: 38; 2026: 30.
94 papers.
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- 2024MotionLCM: Real-time Controllable Motion Generation via Latent Consistency Modelcited by 168
- 2023EMDM: Efficient Motion Diffusion Model for Fast and High-Quality Motion Generationcited by 89
- 2024Rethinking Diffusion for Text-Driven Human Motion Generation: Redundant Representations, Evaluation, and Masked Autoregressioncited by 85
- 2025Go to Zero: Towards Zero-shot Motion Generation with Million-scale Datacited by 68
- 2024CoMo: Controllable Motion Generation through Language Guided Pose Code Editingcited by 67
- 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generationcited by 65
- 2024InterDreamer: Zero-Shot Text to 3D Dynamic Human-Object Interactioncited by 64
- 2024ScaMo: Exploring the Scaling Law in Autoregressive Motion Generation Modelcited by 53
- 2025TokenHSI: Unified Synthesis of Physical Human-Scene Interactions through Task Tokenizationcited by 51
- 2024Motion-Agent: A Conversational Framework for Human Motion Generation with LLMscited by 47
- 2025SALAD: Skeleton-aware Latent Diffusion for Text-driven Motion Generation and Editingcited by 39
- 2024MaskControl: Spatio-Temporal Control for Masked Motion Synthesiscited by 38
38 more
- 2024SMooDi: Stylized Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 37
- 2026Kimodo: Scaling Controllable Human Motion Generationcited by 37
- 2024Enabling Synergistic Full-Body Control in Prompt-Based Co-Speech Motion Generationcited by 35
- 2023Disentangled Clothed Avatar Generation from Text Descriptionscited by 33
- 2025Absolute Coordinates Make Motion Generation Easycited by 29
- 2025SimMotionEdit: Text-Based Human Motion Editing with Motion Similarity Predictioncited by 27
- 2025UniPhys: Unified Planner and Controller with Diffusion for Flexible Physics-Based Character Controlcited by 25
- 2024PACER+: On-Demand Pedestrian Animation Controller in Driving Scenarioscited by 24
- 2024KinMo: Kinematic-aware Human Motion Understanding and Generationcited by 21
- 2025Fg-T2M++: LLMs-Augmented Fine-Grained Text Driven Human Motion Generationcited by 21
- 2024Pay Attention and Move Better: Harnessing Attention for Interactive Motion Generation and Training-free Editingcited by 18
- 2025Ego4o: Egocentric Human Motion Capture and Understanding from Multi-Modal Inputcited by 17
- 2025Sketch2Anim: Towards Transferring Sketch Storyboards into 3D Animationcited by 17
- 2025SemGeoMo: Dynamic Contextual Human Motion Generation with Semantic and Geometric Guidancecited by 16
- 2025SocialGen: Modeling Multi-Human Social Interaction with Language Modelscited by 14
- 2024SCENIC: Scene-aware Semantic Navigation with Instruction-guided Controlcited by 13
- 2025MixerMDM: Learnable Composition of Human Motion Diffusion Modelscited by 13
- 2024SIMS: Simulating Stylized Human-Scene Interactions with Retrieval-Augmented Script Generationcited by 12
- 2025CoDA: Coordinated Diffusion Noise Optimization for Whole-Body Manipulation of Articulated Objectscited by 12
- 2025MOSPA: Human Motion Generation Driven by Spatial Audiocited by 12
- 2025Motion-example-controlled Co-speech Gesture Generation Leveraging Large Language Modelscited by 11
- 2025Text2Interact: High-Fidelity and Diverse Text-to-Two-Person Interaction Generationcited by 11
- 2024Generative Motion Stylization of Cross-structure Characters within Canonical Motion Spacecited by 10
- 2024DICE: End-to-end Deformation Capture of Hand-Face Interactions from a Single Imagecited by 9
- 2025Motion Synthesis with Sparse and Flexible Keyjoint Controlcited by 9
- 2024Diffusion Models are Efficient Data Generators for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 8
- 2024MotionWavelet: Human Motion Prediction via Wavelet Manifold Learningcited by 8
- 2025Progressive Human Motion Generation Based on Text and Few Motion Framescited by 8
- 2025Motion Generation: A Survey of Generative Approaches and Benchmarkscited by 8
- 2024FORCE: Physics-aware Human-object Interactioncited by 7
- 2025ModSkill: Physical Character Skill Modularizationcited by 7
- 2025StyleMotif: Multi-Modal Motion Stylization using Style-Content Cross Fusioncited by 7
- 2025EgoReAct: Egocentric Video-Driven 3D Human Reaction Generationcited by 7
- 2026ARDY: Autoregressive Diffusion with Hybrid Representation for Interactive Human Motion Generationcited by 7
- 2025HumanMM: Global Human Motion Recovery from Multi-shot Videoscited by 6
- 2025Towards Robust and Controllable Text-to-Motion via Masked Autoregressive Diffusioncited by 6
- 2025DIMO: Diverse 3D Motion Generation for Arbitrary Objectscited by 6
- 2026ProjFlow: Projection Sampling with Flow Matching for Zero-Shot Exact Spatial Motion Controlcited by 5
50 most cited of 94 All 94 (JSON)
- 2026MFlowHOI: Whole-Body Human-Object Interaction Generation via Part-Aware MeanFlow12 Oct 2026
- 2026STRIDE: Automated Evaluation of Text-to-Trajectory Alignment across Diverse Contexts28 Sep 2026
- 2026UniMate: One Unified Model to Animate Diverse Skeletons4 Sep 2026
- 2026Progressively Learning Heterogeneous Skills in a Unified Latent Space24 Aug 2026
- 2026PersonaDrive: Controllable Trajectory Prediction with Multi-Dimensional Driving Personas15 Aug 2026
- 2026ARDY: Autoregressive Diffusion with Hybrid Representation for Interactive Human Motion Generation9 Jul 2026
- 2026IMAGIN-4D: Image-Guided Controllable Interaction Generation22 Jun 2026
- 2026KV-Control: Parameter-Efficient K/V Injection for Trajectory-Controlled Text-to-Motion4 Jun 2026
- 2026Controllable Dynamic 3D Shape Generation via 3D Trajectories and Text3 Jun 2026
- 2026AnyMo: Scaling Any-Modality Conditional Motion Generation with Masked Modeling28 May 2026
- 2026EchoAvatar: Real-time Generative Avatar Animation from Audio Streams27 May 2026
- 2026Multi-scale Coarse-to-fine Modeling for Test-time Human Motion Control14 May 2026
38 more
- 2026SCAMP: Sparse-anchor Control is One Small Projection14 May 2026
- 2026EgoForce: Robust Online Egocentric Motion Reconstruction via Diffusion Forcing13 May 2026
- 2026SleepWalk: A Three-Tier Benchmark for Stress-Testing Instruction-Guided Vision-Language Navigation11 May 2026
- 2026Towards Highly-Constrained Human Motion Generation with Retrieval-Guided Diffusion Noise Optimization8 May 2026
- 2026MotionHiFlow: Text-to-motion via hierarchical flow matching25 Apr 2026
- 2026NaP-Control: Navigating Diffusion Prior for Versatile and Fast Character Control15 Apr 2026
- 2026SocialMirror: Reconstructing 3D Human Interaction Behaviors from Monocular Videos with Semantic and Geometric Guidance15 Apr 2026
- 2026FatigueFusion: Latent Space Fusion for Fatigue-Driven Motion Synthesis11 Apr 2026
- 2026Visually-grounded Humanoid Agents9 Apr 2026
- 2026Exploring Motion-Language Alignment for Text-driven Motion Generation3 Apr 2026
- 2026Unified Number-Free Text-to-Motion Generation Via Flow Matching27 Mar 2026
- 2026Controllable Text-to-Motion Generation via Modular Body-Part Phase Control20 Mar 2026
- 2026UMO: Unified In-Context Learning Unlocks Motion Foundation Model Priors16 Mar 2026
- 2026Kimodo: Scaling Controllable Human Motion Generation16 Mar 2026
- 2026ActionPlan: Future-Aware Streaming Motion Synthesis via Frame-Level Action Planning13 Mar 2026
- 2026LaMoGen: Language to Motion Generation Through LLM-Guided Symbolic Inference12 Mar 2026
- 2026Sketch2Colab: Sketch-Conditioned Multi-Human Animation via Controllable Flow Distillation2 Mar 2026
- 2026ProjFlow: Projection Sampling with Flow Matching for Zero-Shot Exact Spatial Motion Control26 Feb 2026
- 2025EgoReAct: Egocentric Video-Driven 3D Human Reaction Generation28 Dec 2025
- 2025MoLingo: Motion-Language Alignment for Text-to-Human Motion Generation15 Dec 2025
- 2025ClusterStyle: Modeling Intra-Style Diversity with Prototypical Clustering for Stylized Motion Generation2 Dec 2025
- 2025SOSControl: Enhancing Human Motion Generation through Saliency-Aware Symbolic Orientation and Timing Control14 Nov 2025
- 2025DIMO: Diverse 3D Motion Generation for Arbitrary Objects10 Nov 2025
- 2025Text2Interact: High-Fidelity and Diverse Text-to-Two-Person Interaction Generation7 Oct 2025
- 2025LaMoGen: Laban Movement-Guided Diffusion for Text-to-Motion Generation29 Sep 2025
- 2025Scalable RF Simulation in Generative 4D Worlds16 Aug 2025
- 2025Spatial-Temporal Multi-Scale Quantization for Flexible Motion Generation12 Aug 2025
- 2025PP-Motion: Physical-Perceptual Fidelity Evaluation for Human Motion Generation11 Aug 2025
- 2025Motion-example-controlled Co-speech Gesture Generation Leveraging Large Language Models27 Jul 2025
- 2025RESCUE: Crowd Evacuation Simulation via Controlling SDM-United Characters27 Jul 2025
- 2025MOSPA: Human Motion Generation Driven by Spatial Audio16 Jul 2025
- 2025Go to Zero: Towards Zero-shot Motion Generation with Million-scale Data9 Jul 2025
- 2025MOST: Motion Diffusion Model for Rare Text via Temporal Clip Banzhaf Interaction9 Jul 2025
- 2025Motion Generation: A Survey of Generative Approaches and Benchmarks7 Jul 2025
- 2025CoDA: Coordinated Diffusion Noise Optimization for Whole-Body Manipulation of Articulated Objects27 May 2025
- 2025Absolute Coordinates Make Motion Generation Easy26 May 2025
- 2025Towards Robust and Controllable Text-to-Motion via Masked Autoregressive Diffusion16 May 2025
- 2025Sketch2Anim: Towards Transferring Sketch Storyboards into 3D Animation27 Apr 2025
50 newest of 94 All 94 (JSON)
- 2024MotionLCM: Real-time Controllable Motion Generation via Latent Consistency Modelcited by 168
- 2023EMDM: Efficient Motion Diffusion Model for Fast and High-Quality Motion Generationcited by 89
- 2024InterDreamer: Zero-Shot Text to 3D Dynamic Human-Object Interactioncited by 64
- 2025SALAD: Skeleton-aware Latent Diffusion for Text-driven Motion Generation and Editingcited by 39
- 2024MaskControl: Spatio-Temporal Control for Masked Motion Synthesiscited by 38
- 2024SMooDi: Stylized Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 37
- 2024Pay Attention and Move Better: Harnessing Attention for Interactive Motion Generation and Training-free Editingcited by 18
- 2024SCENIC: Scene-aware Semantic Navigation with Instruction-guided Controlcited by 13
- 2025MixerMDM: Learnable Composition of Human Motion Diffusion Modelscited by 13
- 2024Diffusion Models are Efficient Data Generators for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 8
- 2024MotionWavelet: Human Motion Prediction via Wavelet Manifold Learningcited by 8
- 2025StyleMotif: Multi-Modal Motion Stylization using Style-Content Cross Fusioncited by 7
12 most cited of 20 All 20 (JSON)
- 2026Towards Highly-Constrained Human Motion Generation with Retrieval-Guided Diffusion Noise Optimization8 May 2026
- 2026MotionHiFlow: Text-to-motion via hierarchical flow matching25 Apr 2026
- 2026NaP-Control: Navigating Diffusion Prior for Versatile and Fast Character Control15 Apr 2026
- 2026Unified Number-Free Text-to-Motion Generation Via Flow Matching27 Mar 2026
- 2026ProjFlow: Projection Sampling with Flow Matching for Zero-Shot Exact Spatial Motion Control26 Feb 2026
- 2025LaMoGen: Laban Movement-Guided Diffusion for Text-to-Motion Generation29 Sep 2025
- 2025MOST: Motion Diffusion Model for Rare Text via Temporal Clip Banzhaf Interaction9 Jul 2025
- 2025MixerMDM: Learnable Composition of Human Motion Diffusion Models1 Apr 2025
- 2025StyleMotif: Multi-Modal Motion Stylization using Style-Content Cross Fusion27 Mar 2025
- 2025SALAD: Skeleton-aware Latent Diffusion for Text-driven Motion Generation and Editing18 Mar 2025
- 2024SCENIC: Scene-aware Semantic Navigation with Instruction-guided Control20 Dec 2024
- 2024MotionWavelet: Human Motion Prediction via Wavelet Manifold Learning25 Nov 2024
12 newest of 20 All 20 (JSON)
- 2025CBIL: Collective Behavior Imitation Learning for Fish from Real Videos31 Mar 2025
- 2025ModSkill: Physical Character Skill Modularization19 Feb 2025
- 2024Rethinking Diffusion for Text-Driven Human Motion Generation: Redundant Representations, Evaluation, and Masked Autoregressioncited by 85
- 2025Go to Zero: Towards Zero-shot Motion Generation with Million-scale Datacited by 68
- 2024CoMo: Controllable Motion Generation through Language Guided Pose Code Editingcited by 67
- 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generationcited by 65
- 2024ScaMo: Exploring the Scaling Law in Autoregressive Motion Generation Modelcited by 53
- 2025TokenHSI: Unified Synthesis of Physical Human-Scene Interactions through Task Tokenizationcited by 51
- 2026Kimodo: Scaling Controllable Human Motion Generationcited by 37
- 2024Enabling Synergistic Full-Body Control in Prompt-Based Co-Speech Motion Generationcited by 35
- 2023Disentangled Clothed Avatar Generation from Text Descriptionscited by 33
- 2025Absolute Coordinates Make Motion Generation Easycited by 29
- 2025SimMotionEdit: Text-Based Human Motion Editing with Motion Similarity Predictioncited by 27
- 2025UniPhys: Unified Planner and Controller with Diffusion for Flexible Physics-Based Character Controlcited by 25
12 most cited of 67 All 67 (JSON)
- 2026MFlowHOI: Whole-Body Human-Object Interaction Generation via Part-Aware MeanFlow12 Oct 2026
- 2026STRIDE: Automated Evaluation of Text-to-Trajectory Alignment across Diverse Contexts28 Sep 2026
- 2026UniMate: One Unified Model to Animate Diverse Skeletons4 Sep 2026
- 2026Progressively Learning Heterogeneous Skills in a Unified Latent Space24 Aug 2026
- 2026ARDY: Autoregressive Diffusion with Hybrid Representation for Interactive Human Motion Generation9 Jul 2026
- 2026IMAGIN-4D: Image-Guided Controllable Interaction Generation22 Jun 2026
- 2026KV-Control: Parameter-Efficient K/V Injection for Trajectory-Controlled Text-to-Motion4 Jun 2026
- 2026Controllable Dynamic 3D Shape Generation via 3D Trajectories and Text3 Jun 2026
- 2026AnyMo: Scaling Any-Modality Conditional Motion Generation with Masked Modeling28 May 2026
- 2026EchoAvatar: Real-time Generative Avatar Animation from Audio Streams27 May 2026
- 2026Multi-scale Coarse-to-fine Modeling for Test-time Human Motion Control14 May 2026
- 2026SCAMP: Sparse-anchor Control is One Small Projection14 May 2026
12 newest of 67 All 67 (JSON)