EmbodiedSplat: Personalized Real-to-Sim-to-Real Navigation with Gaussian Splats from a Mobile Device
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Abstract (arXiv)
The field of Embodied AI predominantly relies on simulation for training and evaluation, often using either fully synthetic environments that lack photorealism or high-fidelity real-world reconstructions captured with expensive hardware. As a result, sim-to-real transfer remains a major challenge. In this paper, we introduce EmbodiedSplat, a novel approach that personalizes policy training by efficiently capturing the deployment environment and fine-tuning policies within the reconstructed scenes. Our method leverages 3D Gaussian Splatting (GS) and the Habitat-Sim simulator to bridge the gap between realistic scene capture and effective training environments. Using iPhone-captured deployment scenes, we reconstruct meshes via GS, enabling training in settings that closely approximate real-world conditions. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of training strategies, pre-training datasets, and mesh reconstruction techniques, evaluating their impact on sim-to-real predictivity in real-world scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that agents fine-tuned with EmbodiedSplat outperform both zero-shot baselines pre-trained on large-scale real-world datasets (HM3D) and synthetically generated datasets (HSSD), achieving absolute success rate improvements of 20% and 40% on real-world Image Navigation task. Moreover, our approach yields a high sim-vs-real correlation (0.87-0.97) for the reconstructed meshes, underscoring its effectiveness in adapting policies to diverse environments with minimal effort. Project page: https://gchhablani.github.io/embodied-splat.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Sep 2025.
Builds on
43 of 56 references.
References · 43
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,723
- 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,964
- 2023ZoeDepth: Zero-shot Transfer by Combining Relative and Metric Depthcited by 657
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- 2023Nerfstudio: A Modular Framework for Neural Radiance Field Developmentcited by 600
- 2021Habitat-Matterport 3D Dataset (HM3D): 1000 Large-scale 3D Environments for Embodied AIcited by 592
- 2021Habitat 2.0: Training Home Assistants to Rearrange their Habitatcited by 511
- 2020Object Goal Navigation using Goal-Oriented Semantic Explorationcited by 429
- 2024Metric3Dv2: A Versatile Monocular Geometric Foundation Model for Zero-shot Metric Depth and Surface Normal Estimationcited by 395
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- 2019DD-PPO: Learning Near-Perfect PointGoal Navigators from 2.5 Billion Framescited by 362
31 more
- 2021Omnidata: A Scalable Pipeline for Making Multi-Task Mid-Level Vision Datasets from 3D Scanscited by 336
- 2023Habitat 3.0: A Co-Habitat for Humans, Avatars and Robotscited by 228
- 2023Where are we in the search for an Artificial Visual Cortex for Embodied Intelligence?cited by 218
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- 2023Habitat Synthetic Scenes Dataset (HSSD-200): An Analysis of 3D Scene Scale and Realism Tradeoffs for ObjectGoal Navigationcited by 167
- 2024High-quality Surface Reconstruction using Gaussian Surfelscited by 161
- 2024DN-Splatter: Depth and Normal Priors for Gaussian Splatting and Meshingcited by 138
- 2024Rethinking Inductive Biases for Surface Normal Estimationcited by 124
- 20223D Common Corruptions and Data Augmentationcited by 119
- 2023OVRL-V2: A simple state-of-art baseline for ImageNav and ObjectNavcited by 70
- 2024SplatSim: Zero-Shot Sim2Real Transfer of RGB Manipulation Policies Using Gaussian Splattingcited by 69
- 2024GS2Mesh: Surface Reconstruction from Gaussian Splatting via Novel Stereo Viewscited by 67
- 2022Instance-Specific Image Goal Navigation: Training Embodied Agents to Find Object Instancescited by 55
- 2023NeO 360: Neural Fields for Sparse View Synthesis of Outdoor Scenescited by 53
- 2024GaussNav: Gaussian Splatting for Visual Navigationcited by 49
- 2021SASRA: Semantically-aware Spatio-temporal Reasoning Agent for Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 48
- 2021Hierarchical Cross-Modal Agent for Robotics Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 47
- 2024RoVi-Aug: Robot and Viewpoint Augmentation for Cross-Embodiment Robot Learningcited by 46
- 2022NeRF2Real: Sim2real Transfer of Vision-guided Bipedal Motion Skills using Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 44
- 2022Phone2Proc: Bringing Robust Robots Into Our Chaotic Worldcited by 26
- 2024RL-GSBridge: 3D Gaussian Splatting Based Real2Sim2Real Method for Robotic Manipulation Learningcited by 22
- 2024Language-Embedded Gaussian Splats (LEGS): Incrementally Building Room-Scale Representations with a Mobile Robotcited by 21
- 2024Neural Fields in Robotics: A Surveycited by 21
- 2023End-to-End (Instance)-Image Goal Navigation through Correspondence as an Emergent Phenomenoncited by 16
- 2023Dream2Real: Zero-Shot 3D Object Rearrangement with Vision-Language Modelscited by 16
- 2024SOUS VIDE: Cooking Visual Drone Navigation Policies in a Gaussian Splatting Vacuumcited by 16
- 2025Persistent Object Gaussian Splat (POGS) for Tracking Human and Robot Manipulation of Irregularly Shaped Objectscited by 15
- 2023MuSHRoom: Multi-Sensor Hybrid Room Dataset for Joint 3D Reconstruction and Novel View Synthesiscited by 12
- 2023What do we learn from a large-scale study of pre-trained visual representations in sim and real environments?cited by 11
- 2023AutoNeRF: Training Implicit Scene Representations with Autonomous Agentscited by 10
- 2024BEINGS: Bayesian Embodied Image-goal Navigation with Gaussian Splattingcited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 9.
12 papers.
- 2025PolaRiS: Scalable Real-to-Sim Evaluations for Generalist Robot Policiescited by 33
- 2026Reconstruction by Generation: 3D Multi-Object Scene Reconstruction from Sparse Observationscited by 7
- 2026ReaDy-Go: Real-to-Sim Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting Simulation for Environment-Specific Visual Navigation with Moving Obstaclescited by 5
- 2025MM-Nav: Multi-View VLA Model for Robust Visual Navigation via Multi-Expert Learningcited by 3
- 2025Wanderland: Geometrically Grounded Simulation for Open-World Embodied AIcited by 3
- 2026TriSplat: Simulation-Ready Feed-Forward 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 3
- 20264DGS-WAM: Bridging Past and Future with an Object-Centric World Action Model based on 4D Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
- 2026GASE: Gaussian Splatting-Based Automated System for Reconstructing Embodied-Simulation Environmentscited by 1
- 2026Image2Sim: Scaling Embodied Navigation via Generative Neural Simulatorcited by 1
- 2026Spackle: Completing Large View Single Image NVS with Adaptive Gaussianscited by 0
- 2026Learning Social Navigation from Internet Videos in the Policy State Spacecited by 0
- 2026Splat2Act: From Captured Scenes to Personalized VLA Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026Splat2Act: From Captured Scenes to Personalized VLA Manipulation9 Oct 2026
- 2026Learning Social Navigation from Internet Videos in the Policy State Space26 Sep 2026
- 2026Spackle: Completing Large View Single Image NVS with Adaptive Gaussians25 Sep 2026
- 20264DGS-WAM: Bridging Past and Future with an Object-Centric World Action Model based on 4D Gaussian Splatting26 Aug 2026
- 2026Image2Sim: Scaling Embodied Navigation via Generative Neural Simulator7 Jul 2026
- 2026GASE: Gaussian Splatting-Based Automated System for Reconstructing Embodied-Simulation Environments16 Jun 2026
- 2026TriSplat: Simulation-Ready Feed-Forward 3D Scene Reconstruction25 May 2026
- 2026Reconstruction by Generation: 3D Multi-Object Scene Reconstruction from Sparse Observations29 Apr 2026
- 2026ReaDy-Go: Real-to-Sim Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting Simulation for Environment-Specific Visual Navigation with Moving Obstacles12 Feb 2026
- 2025PolaRiS: Scalable Real-to-Sim Evaluations for Generalist Robot Policies18 Dec 2025
- 2025Wanderland: Geometrically Grounded Simulation for Open-World Embodied AI25 Nov 2025
- 2025MM-Nav: Multi-View VLA Model for Robust Visual Navigation via Multi-Expert Learning3 Oct 2025