mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Neural Monocular 3D Human Motion Capture with Physical Awareness

arXiv 2105.01057 ↗First posted 3 May 2021cs.CV cs.GR cs.HCcited by 70

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present a new trainable system for physically plausible markerless 3D human motion capture, which achieves state-of-the-art results in a broad range of challenging scenarios. Unlike most neural methods for human motion capture, our approach, which we dub physionical, is aware of physical and environmental constraints. It combines in a fully differentiable way several key innovations, i.e., 1. a proportional-derivative controller, with gains predicted by a neural network, that reduces delays even in the presence of fast motions, 2. an explicit rigid body dynamics model and 3. a novel optimisation layer that prevents physically implausible foot-floor penetration as a hard constraint. The inputs to our system are 2D joint keypoints, which are canonicalised in a novel way so as to reduce the dependency on intrinsic camera parameters -- both at train and test time. This enables more accurate global translation estimation without generalisability loss. Our model can be finetuned only with 2D annotations when the 3D annotations are not available. It produces smooth and physically principled 3D motions in an interactive frame rate in a wide variety of challenging scenes, including newly recorded ones. Its advantages are especially noticeable on in-the-wild sequences that significantly differ from common 3D pose estimation benchmarks such as Human 3.6M and MPI-INF-3DHP. Qualitative results are available at http://gvv.mpi-inf.mpg.de/projects/PhysAware/

Key facts. Cited by 70 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 49 of its 89 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 May 2021.

Builds on

49 of 89 references.

References · 49

  1. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
  2. 2018OpenPose: Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation using Part Affinity Fieldscited by 1,161
  3. 2016Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation using Part Affinity Fieldscited by 1,061
  4. 2016Stacked Hourglass Networks for Human Pose Estimationcited by 913
  5. 2017End-to-end Recovery of Human Shape and Posecited by 883
  6. 2016Keep it SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Imagecited by 692
  7. 2019Learning to Reconstruct 3D Human Pose and Shape via Model-fitting in the Loopcited by 625
  8. 2019VIBE: Video Inference for Human Body Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 615
  9. 2016Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation In The Wild Using Improved CNN Supervisioncited by 493
  10. 2019Differentiable Convex Optimization Layerscited by 458
  11. 2017A simple yet effective baseline for 3d human pose estimationcited by 401
  12. 20183D human pose estimation in video with temporal convolutions and semi-supervised trainingcited by 401
37 more
  1. 2016Convolutional Pose Machinescited by 325
  2. 2018Learning 3D Human Dynamics from Videocited by 315
  3. 2019Resolving 3D Human Pose Ambiguities with 3D Scene Constraintscited by 294
  4. 2017Hand Keypoint Detection in Single Images using Multiview Bootstrappingcited by 231
  5. 2018Learning to Estimate 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Color Imagecited by 226
  6. 2016Coarse-to-Fine Volumetric Prediction for Single-Image 3D Human Posecited by 220
  7. 2018Monocular Total Capture: Posing Face, Body, and Hands in the Wildcited by 162
  8. 2020DeepCap: Monocular Human Performance Capture Using Weak Supervisioncited by 162
  9. 2018DeepMimic: Example-Guided Deep Reinforcement Learning of Physics-Based Character Skillscited by 153
  10. 2020Perceiving 3D Human-Object Spatial Arrangements from a Single Image in the Wildcited by 152
  11. 2017VNect: Real-time 3D Human Pose Estimation with a Single RGB Cameracited by 129
  12. 2017Towards 3D Human Pose Estimation in the Wild: a Weakly-supervised Approachcited by 114
  13. 20163D Human Pose Estimation = 2D Pose Estimation + Matchingcited by 112
  14. 2017Sparse Inertial Poser: Automatic 3D Human Pose Estimation from Sparse IMUscited by 108
  15. 2020Contact and Human Dynamics from Monocular Videocited by 94
  16. 2018LCR-Net++: Multi-person 2D and 3D Pose Detection in Natural Imagescited by 88
  17. 2019Human Mesh Recovery from Monocular Images via a Skeleton-disentangled Representationcited by 87
  18. 20183D Human Pose Estimation in the Wild by Adversarial Learningcited by 86
  19. 2019RepNet: Weakly Supervised Training of an Adversarial Reprojection Network for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 85
  20. 2020Human Body Model Fitting by Learned Gradient Descentcited by 81
  21. 20163D Human Pose Estimation from a Single Image via Distance Matrix Regressioncited by 73
  22. 2017Lifting from the Deep: Convolutional 3D Pose Estimation from a Single Imagecited by 73
  23. 2019XNect: Real-time Multi-Person 3D Motion Capture with a Single RGB Cameracited by 68
  24. 2019EventCap: Monocular 3D Capture of High-Speed Human Motions using an Event Cameracited by 65
  25. 2017MonoPerfCap: Human Performance Capture from Monocular Videocited by 63
  26. 2020Residual Force Control for Agile Human Behavior Imitation and Extended Motion Synthesiscited by 63
  27. 2020PhysCap: Physically Plausible Monocular 3D Motion Capture in Real Timecited by 50
  28. 2019Estimating 3D Motion and Forces of Person-Object Interactions from Monocular Videocited by 48
  29. 2019In the Wild Human Pose Estimation Using Explicit 2D Features and Intermediate 3D Representationscited by 48
  30. 2016Structured Prediction of 3D Human Pose with Deep Neural Networkscited by 43
  31. 2020Compressed Volumetric Heatmaps for Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimationcited by 36
  32. 2020MotioNet: 3D Human Motion Reconstruction from Monocular Video with Skeleton Consistencycited by 31
  33. 2019Synthesis of Biologically Realistic Human Motion Using Joint Torque Actuationcited by 23
  34. 2018LookinGood: Enhancing Performance Capture with Real-time Neural Re-Renderingcited by 22
  35. 2019Multi-Person 3D Human Pose Estimation from Monocular Imagescited by 19
  36. 2020Weakly-supervised Learning of Human Dynamicscited by 13
  37. 2019Structure from Articulated Motion: Accurate and Stable Monocular 3D Reconstruction without Training Datacited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 20; 2023: 12; 2024: 16; 2025: 11; 2026: 5.

70 papers.

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  1. 2022PhysDiff: Physics-Guided Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 365
  2. 2022MoFusion: A Framework for Denoising-Diffusion-based Motion Synthesiscited by 218
  3. 2023Decoupling Human and Camera Motion from Videos in the Wildcited by 140
  4. 2021D-Grasp: Physically Plausible Dynamic Grasp Synthesis for Hand-Object Interactionscited by 109
  5. 2021Dynamics-Regulated Kinematic Policy for Egocentric Pose Estimationcited by 101
  6. 20233D Human Pose Estimation via Intuitive Physicscited by 100
  7. 2023ReMoS: 3D Motion-Conditioned Reaction Synthesis for Two-Person Interactionscited by 62
  8. 2023ArtiGrasp: Physically Plausible Synthesis of Bi-Manual Dexterous Grasping and Articulationcited by 53
  9. 2023Physically Plausible Full-Body Hand-Object Interaction Synthesiscited by 52
  10. 2024PhyRecon: Physically Plausible Neural Scene Reconstructioncited by 44
  11. 2022D&D: Learning Human Dynamics from Dynamic Cameracited by 39
  12. 2022Differentiable Dynamics for Articulated 3d Human Motion Reconstructioncited by 38
38 more
  1. 2022Trajectory Optimization for Physics-Based Reconstruction of 3d Human Pose from Monocular Videocited by 37
  2. 2022Neural MoCon: Neural Motion Control for Physically Plausible Human Motion Capturecited by 31
  3. 2021Gravity-Aware Monocular 3D Human-Object Reconstructioncited by 30
  4. 2022The One Where They Reconstructed 3D Humans and Environments in TV Showscited by 30
  5. 2022State of the Art in Dense Monocular Non-Rigid 3D Reconstructioncited by 30
  6. 2022Scene-aware Egocentric 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 30
  7. 2022HULC: 3D Human Motion Capture with Pose Manifold Sampling and Dense Contact Guidancecited by 29
  8. 2022Embodied Scene-aware Human Pose Estimationcited by 28
  9. 2024Recent Trends in 3D Reconstruction of General Non-Rigid Scenescited by 28
  10. 2024PhysPT: Physics-aware Pretrained Transformer for Estimating Human Dynamics from Monocular Videoscited by 27
  11. 2022PoseTriplet: Co-evolving 3D Human Pose Estimation, Imitation, and Hallucination under Self-supervisioncited by 25
  12. 2024PACER+: On-Demand Pedestrian Animation Controller in Driving Scenarioscited by 24
  13. 2022φ-SfT: Shape-from-Template with a Physics-Based Deformation Modelcited by 23
  14. 2023ROAM: Robust and Object-Aware Motion Generation Using Neural Pose Descriptorscited by 23
  15. 20233D Human Pose Perception from Egocentric Stereo Videoscited by 23
  16. 2024HUMOS: Human Motion Model Conditioned on Body Shapecited by 20
  17. 2022HybridCap: Inertia-aid Monocular Capture of Challenging Human Motionscited by 19
  18. 2022Physical Interaction: Reconstructing Hand-object Interactions with Physicscited by 19
  19. 2023Scene-Aware 3D Multi-Human Motion Capture from a Single Cameracited by 19
  20. 2022MoCapDeform: Monocular 3D Human Motion Capture in Deformable Scenescited by 18
  21. 2024MultiPhys: Multi-Person Physics-aware 3D Motion Estimationcited by 18
  22. 2023Fusing Monocular Images and Sparse IMU Signals for Real-time Human Motion Capturecited by 17
  23. 2023Decaf: Monocular Deformation Capture for Face and Hand Interactionscited by 17
  24. 2024Real-Time Simulated Avatar from Head-Mounted Sensorscited by 17
  25. 2024MMVP: A Multimodal MoCap Dataset with Vision and Pressure Sensorscited by 16
  26. 2024Contact-aware Human Motion Generation from Textual Descriptionscited by 15
  27. 2022Transformer-Based Learned Optimizationcited by 13
  28. 2021FLEX: Extrinsic Parameters-free Multi-view 3D Human Motion Reconstructioncited by 11
  29. 2024AddBiomechanics Dataset: Capturing the Physics of Human Motion at Scalecited by 11
  30. 2025Shape My Moves: Text-Driven Shape-Aware Synthesis of Human Motionscited by 11
  31. 2022PosePipe: Open-Source Human Pose Estimation Pipeline for Clinical Researchcited by 10
  32. 2022Knowledge-augmented Deep Learning and Its Applications: A Surveycited by 10
  33. 2024Physics-based Scene Layout Generation from Human Motioncited by 10
  34. 2024ImDy: Human Inverse Dynamics from Imitated Observationscited by 9
  35. 2025FinePhys: Fine-grained Human Action Generation by Explicitly Incorporating Physical Laws for Effective Skeletal Guidancecited by 9
  36. 2022Transforming Gait: Video-Based Spatiotemporal Gait Analysiscited by 8
  37. 2024Optimal-state Dynamics Estimation for Physics-based Human Motion Capture from Videoscited by 6
  38. 2021Exploring Versatile Prior for Human Motion via Motion Frequency Guidancecited by 5

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