PhysCap: Physically Plausible Monocular 3D Motion Capture in Real Time
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Abstract (arXiv)
Marker-less 3D human motion capture from a single colour camera has seen significant progress. However, it is a very challenging and severely ill-posed problem. In consequence, even the most accurate state-of-the-art approaches have significant limitations. Purely kinematic formulations on the basis of individual joints or skeletons, and the frequent frame-wise reconstruction in state-of-the-art methods greatly limit 3D accuracy and temporal stability compared to multi-view or marker-based motion capture. Further, captured 3D poses are often physically incorrect and biomechanically implausible, or exhibit implausible environment interactions (floor penetration, foot skating, unnatural body leaning and strong shifting in depth), which is problematic for any use case in computer graphics. We, therefore, present PhysCap, the first algorithm for physically plausible, real-time and marker-less human 3D motion capture with a single colour camera at 25 fps. Our algorithm first captures 3D human poses purely kinematically. To this end, a CNN infers 2D and 3D joint positions, and subsequently, an inverse kinematics step finds space-time coherent joint angles and global 3D pose. Next, these kinematic reconstructions are used as constraints in a real-time physics-based pose optimiser that accounts for environment constraints (e.g., collision handling and floor placement), gravity, and biophysical plausibility of human postures. Our approach employs a combination of ground reaction force and residual force for plausible root control, and uses a trained neural network to detect foot contact events in images. Our method captures physically plausible and temporally stable global 3D human motion, without physically implausible postures, floor penetrations or foot skating, from video in real time and in general scenes. The video is available at http://gvv.mpi-inf.mpg.de/projects/PhysCap
Key facts. Cited by 50 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 20 Aug 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 12; 2023: 11; 2024: 8; 2025: 7; 2026: 3.
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- 2022MoFusion: A Framework for Denoising-Diffusion-based Motion Synthesiscited by 218
- 2021Synthesis of Compositional Animations from Textual Descriptionscited by 178
- 2023Decoupling Human and Camera Motion from Videos in the Wildcited by 141
- 2021D-Grasp: Physically Plausible Dynamic Grasp Synthesis for Hand-Object Interactionscited by 110
- 2021Dynamics-Regulated Kinematic Policy for Egocentric Pose Estimationcited by 101
- 20233D Human Pose Estimation via Intuitive Physicscited by 101
- 2021Probabilistic Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation with Normalizing Flowscited by 85
- 2021Neural Monocular 3D Human Motion Capture with Physical Awarenesscited by 70
- 2023MoConVQ: Unified Physics-Based Motion Control via Scalable Discrete Representationscited by 60
- 2023ArtiGrasp: Physically Plausible Synthesis of Bi-Manual Dexterous Grasping and Articulationcited by 53
- 2022Differentiable Dynamics for Articulated 3d Human Motion Reconstructioncited by 39
- 2022Trajectory Optimization for Physics-Based Reconstruction of 3d Human Pose from Monocular Videocited by 37
38 more
- 2023PACE: Human and Camera Motion Estimation from in-the-wild Videoscited by 33
- 2022Neural MoCon: Neural Motion Control for Physically Plausible Human Motion Capturecited by 31
- 2021Gravity-Aware Monocular 3D Human-Object Reconstructioncited by 30
- 2022State of the Art in Dense Monocular Non-Rigid 3D Reconstructioncited by 30
- 2022Scene-aware Egocentric 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 30
- 2022HULC: 3D Human Motion Capture with Pose Manifold Sampling and Dense Contact Guidancecited by 29
- 2024Recent Trends in 3D Reconstruction of General Non-Rigid Scenescited by 28
- 2024PhysPT: Physics-aware Pretrained Transformer for Estimating Human Dynamics from Monocular Videoscited by 28
- 2021Out-of-Domain Human Mesh Reconstruction via Dynamic Bilevel Online Adaptationcited by 24
- 2024PACER+: On-Demand Pedestrian Animation Controller in Driving Scenarioscited by 24
- 2022φ-SfT: Shape-from-Template with a Physics-Based Deformation Modelcited by 23
- 2022Physical Interaction: Reconstructing Hand-object Interactions with Physicscited by 19
- 2023Scene-Aware 3D Multi-Human Motion Capture from a Single Cameracited by 19
- 2022MoCapDeform: Monocular 3D Human Motion Capture in Deformable Scenescited by 18
- 2023Fusing Monocular Images and Sparse IMU Signals for Real-time Human Motion Capturecited by 17
- 2022Transformer-Based Learned Optimizationcited by 13
- 2023Learning Human Mesh Recovery in 3D Scenescited by 13
- 2024DivaTrack: Diverse Bodies and Motions from Acceleration-Enhanced Three-Point Trackerscited by 11
- 2024Physics-based Scene Layout Generation from Human Motioncited by 10
- 2021Estimating 3D Motion and Forces of Human-Object Interactions from Internet Videoscited by 9
- 2023Pose-to-Motion: Cross-Domain Motion Retargeting with Pose Priorcited by 8
- 2024Hand-Object Interaction Controller (HOIC): Deep Reinforcement Learning for Reconstructing Interactions with Physicscited by 6
- 2025PhysHMR: Learning Humanoid Control Policies from Vision for Physically Plausible Human Motion Reconstructioncited by 6
- 2021Exploring Versatile Prior for Human Motion via Motion Frequency Guidancecited by 5
- 2024WheelPoser: Sparse-IMU Based Body Pose Estimation for Wheelchair Userscited by 5
- 2025KinTwin: Imitation Learning with Torque and Muscle Driven Biomechanical Models Enables Precise Replication of Able-Bodied and Impaired Movement from Markerless Motion Capturecited by 5
- 2023GraMMaR: Ground-aware Motion Model for 3D Human Motion Reconstructioncited by 4
- 2025Advances in 4D Representation: Geometry, Motion, and Interactioncited by 4
- 2025PAMD: Plausibility-Aware Motion Diffusion Model for Long Dance Generationcited by 3
- 2022Physically Plausible Animation of Human Upper Body from a Single Imagecited by 2
- 2023STRIDE: Single-video based Temporally Continuous Occlusion-Robust 3D Pose Estimationcited by 2
- 2026DancingBox: A Lightweight MoCap System for Character Animation from Physical Proxiescited by 1
- 2026ReActor: Reinforcement Learning for Physics-Aware Motion Retargetingcited by 1
- 2024VioPose: Violin Performance 4D Pose Estimation by Hierarchical Audiovisual Inferencecited by 0
- 2025Physics-based Human Pose Estimation from a Single Moving RGB Cameracited by 0
- 2025ChairPose: Pressure-based Chair Morphology Grounded Sitting Pose Estimation through Simulation-Assisted Trainingcited by 0
- 2025Shape-aware Inertial Poser: Motion Tracking for Humans with Diverse Shapes Using Sparse Inertial Sensorscited by 0
- 2026Improving 3D Foot Motion Reconstruction in Markerless Monocular Human Motion Capturecited by 0
- 2026ReActor: Reinforcement Learning for Physics-Aware Motion Retargeting7 May 2026
- 2026DancingBox: A Lightweight MoCap System for Character Animation from Physical Proxies18 Mar 2026
- 2026Improving 3D Foot Motion Reconstruction in Markerless Monocular Human Motion Capture10 Mar 2026
- 2025Advances in 4D Representation: Geometry, Motion, and Interaction22 Oct 2025
- 2025Shape-aware Inertial Poser: Motion Tracking for Humans with Diverse Shapes Using Sparse Inertial Sensors20 Oct 2025
- 2025PhysHMR: Learning Humanoid Control Policies from Vision for Physically Plausible Human Motion Reconstruction2 Oct 2025
- 2025ChairPose: Pressure-based Chair Morphology Grounded Sitting Pose Estimation through Simulation-Assisted Training3 Aug 2025
- 2025Physics-based Human Pose Estimation from a Single Moving RGB Camera23 Jul 2025
- 2025PAMD: Plausibility-Aware Motion Diffusion Model for Long Dance Generation26 May 2025
- 2025KinTwin: Imitation Learning with Torque and Muscle Driven Biomechanical Models Enables Precise Replication of Able-Bodied and Impaired Movement from Markerless Motion Capture19 May 2025
- 2024VioPose: Violin Performance 4D Pose Estimation by Hierarchical Audiovisual Inference19 Nov 2024
- 2024WheelPoser: Sparse-IMU Based Body Pose Estimation for Wheelchair Users13 Sep 2024
38 more
- 2024Physics-based Scene Layout Generation from Human Motion21 May 2024
- 2024Hand-Object Interaction Controller (HOIC): Deep Reinforcement Learning for Reconstructing Interactions with Physics4 May 2024
- 2024PACER+: On-Demand Pedestrian Animation Controller in Driving Scenarios30 Apr 2024
- 2024PhysPT: Physics-aware Pretrained Transformer for Estimating Human Dynamics from Monocular Videos5 Apr 2024
- 2024Recent Trends in 3D Reconstruction of General Non-Rigid Scenes22 Mar 2024
- 2024DivaTrack: Diverse Bodies and Motions from Acceleration-Enhanced Three-Point Trackers14 Feb 2024
- 2023STRIDE: Single-video based Temporally Continuous Occlusion-Robust 3D Pose Estimation24 Dec 2023
- 2023Pose-to-Motion: Cross-Domain Motion Retargeting with Pose Prior31 Oct 2023
- 2023PACE: Human and Camera Motion Estimation from in-the-wild Videos20 Oct 2023
- 2023MoConVQ: Unified Physics-Based Motion Control via Scalable Discrete Representations16 Oct 2023
- 2023ArtiGrasp: Physically Plausible Synthesis of Bi-Manual Dexterous Grasping and Articulation7 Sep 2023
- 2023Fusing Monocular Images and Sparse IMU Signals for Real-time Human Motion Capture1 Sep 2023
- 2023GraMMaR: Ground-aware Motion Model for 3D Human Motion Reconstruction29 Jun 2023
- 2023Learning Human Mesh Recovery in 3D Scenes6 Jun 2023
- 20233D Human Pose Estimation via Intuitive Physics31 Mar 2023
- 2023Decoupling Human and Camera Motion from Videos in the Wild24 Feb 2023
- 2023Scene-Aware 3D Multi-Human Motion Capture from a Single Camera12 Jan 2023
- 2022Scene-aware Egocentric 3D Human Pose Estimation20 Dec 2022
- 2022Physically Plausible Animation of Human Upper Body from a Single Image9 Dec 2022
- 2022MoFusion: A Framework for Denoising-Diffusion-based Motion Synthesis8 Dec 2022
- 2022Transformer-Based Learned Optimization2 Dec 2022
- 2022State of the Art in Dense Monocular Non-Rigid 3D Reconstruction27 Oct 2022
- 2022Physical Interaction: Reconstructing Hand-object Interactions with Physics22 Sep 2022
- 2022MoCapDeform: Monocular 3D Human Motion Capture in Deformable Scenes17 Aug 2022
- 2022Trajectory Optimization for Physics-Based Reconstruction of 3d Human Pose from Monocular Video24 May 2022
- 2022Differentiable Dynamics for Articulated 3d Human Motion Reconstruction24 May 2022
- 2022HULC: 3D Human Motion Capture with Pose Manifold Sampling and Dense Contact Guidance11 May 2022
- 2022Neural MoCon: Neural Motion Control for Physically Plausible Human Motion Capture26 Mar 2022
- 2022φ-SfT: Shape-from-Template with a Physics-Based Deformation Model22 Mar 2022
- 2021D-Grasp: Physically Plausible Dynamic Grasp Synthesis for Hand-Object Interactions1 Dec 2021
- 2021Exploring Versatile Prior for Human Motion via Motion Frequency Guidance25 Nov 2021
- 2021Out-of-Domain Human Mesh Reconstruction via Dynamic Bilevel Online Adaptation7 Nov 2021
- 2021Estimating 3D Motion and Forces of Human-Object Interactions from Internet Videos2 Nov 2021
- 2021Gravity-Aware Monocular 3D Human-Object Reconstruction19 Aug 2021
- 2021Probabilistic Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation with Normalizing Flows29 Jul 2021
- 2021Dynamics-Regulated Kinematic Policy for Egocentric Pose Estimation10 Jun 2021
- 2021Neural Monocular 3D Human Motion Capture with Physical Awareness3 May 2021
- 2021Synthesis of Compositional Animations from Textual Descriptions26 Mar 2021
- 2022MoFusion: A Framework for Denoising-Diffusion-based Motion Synthesiscited by 218
- 2021Synthesis of Compositional Animations from Textual Descriptionscited by 178
- 2023Decoupling Human and Camera Motion from Videos in the Wildcited by 141
- 2021D-Grasp: Physically Plausible Dynamic Grasp Synthesis for Hand-Object Interactionscited by 110
- 2021Dynamics-Regulated Kinematic Policy for Egocentric Pose Estimationcited by 101
- 20233D Human Pose Estimation via Intuitive Physicscited by 101
- 2021Probabilistic Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation with Normalizing Flowscited by 85
- 2021Neural Monocular 3D Human Motion Capture with Physical Awarenesscited by 70
- 2023MoConVQ: Unified Physics-Based Motion Control via Scalable Discrete Representationscited by 60
- 2023ArtiGrasp: Physically Plausible Synthesis of Bi-Manual Dexterous Grasping and Articulationcited by 53
- 2022Differentiable Dynamics for Articulated 3d Human Motion Reconstructioncited by 39
- 2022Trajectory Optimization for Physics-Based Reconstruction of 3d Human Pose from Monocular Videocited by 37
12 most cited of 46 All 46 (JSON)
- 2026DancingBox: A Lightweight MoCap System for Character Animation from Physical Proxies18 Mar 2026
- 2026Improving 3D Foot Motion Reconstruction in Markerless Monocular Human Motion Capture10 Mar 2026
- 2025Advances in 4D Representation: Geometry, Motion, and Interaction22 Oct 2025
- 2025Shape-aware Inertial Poser: Motion Tracking for Humans with Diverse Shapes Using Sparse Inertial Sensors20 Oct 2025
- 2025PhysHMR: Learning Humanoid Control Policies from Vision for Physically Plausible Human Motion Reconstruction2 Oct 2025
- 2025ChairPose: Pressure-based Chair Morphology Grounded Sitting Pose Estimation through Simulation-Assisted Training3 Aug 2025
- 2025Physics-based Human Pose Estimation from a Single Moving RGB Camera23 Jul 2025
- 2024VioPose: Violin Performance 4D Pose Estimation by Hierarchical Audiovisual Inference19 Nov 2024
- 2024WheelPoser: Sparse-IMU Based Body Pose Estimation for Wheelchair Users13 Sep 2024
- 2024Physics-based Scene Layout Generation from Human Motion21 May 2024
- 2024PACER+: On-Demand Pedestrian Animation Controller in Driving Scenarios30 Apr 2024
- 2024PhysPT: Physics-aware Pretrained Transformer for Estimating Human Dynamics from Monocular Videos5 Apr 2024
12 newest of 46 All 46 (JSON)