Benchmarking and Analyzing 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation Beyond Algorithms
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Abstract (arXiv)
3D human pose and shape estimation (a.k.a. "human mesh recovery") has achieved substantial progress. Researchers mainly focus on the development of novel algorithms, while less attention has been paid to other critical factors involved. This could lead to less optimal baselines, hindering the fair and faithful evaluations of newly designed methodologies. To address this problem, this work presents the first comprehensive benchmarking study from three under-explored perspectives beyond algorithms. 1) Datasets. An analysis on 31 datasets reveals the distinct impacts of data samples: datasets featuring critical attributes (i.e. diverse poses, shapes, camera characteristics, backbone features) are more effective. Strategical selection and combination of high-quality datasets can yield a significant boost to the model performance. 2) Backbones. Experiments with 10 backbones, ranging from CNNs to transformers, show the knowledge learnt from a proximity task is readily transferable to human mesh recovery. 3) Training strategies. Proper augmentation techniques and loss designs are crucial. With the above findings, we achieve a PA-MPJPE of 47.3 mm on the 3DPW test set with a relatively simple model. More importantly, we provide strong baselines for fair comparisons of algorithms, and recommendations for building effective training configurations in the future. Codebase is available at http://github.com/smplbody/hmr-benchmarks
Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 71 of its 103 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Sep 2022.
Builds on
71 of 103 references.
References · 71
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50 most cited of 71 All 71 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 15; 2024: 5; 2025: 7.
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- 2023BEDLAM: A Synthetic Dataset of Bodies Exhibiting Detailed Lifelike Animated Motioncited by 229
- 2023Motion-X: A Large-scale 3D Expressive Whole-body Human Motion Datasetcited by 220
- 2023SMPLer-X: Scaling Up Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 154
- 2023One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformercited by 128
- 2024Neural Localizer Fields for Continuous 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 57
- 2023SynBody: Synthetic Dataset with Layered Human Models for 3D Human Perception and Modelingcited by 54
- 2023ReFit: Recurrent Fitting Network for 3D Human Recoverycited by 47
- 2025SMPLest-X: Ultimate Scaling for Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 31
- 2022FLAG3D: A 3D Fitness Activity Dataset with Language Instructioncited by 23
- 2023VQ-HPS: Human Pose and Shape Estimation in a Vector-Quantized Latent Spacecited by 13
- 2024MEGA: Masked Generative Autoencoder for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 13
- 2023You Only Learn One Query: Learning Unified Human Query for Single-Stage Multi-Person Multi-Task Human-Centric Perceptioncited by 9
16 more
- 2024Diffusion Models are Efficient Data Generators for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 8
- 2023Rethinking Self-Supervised Visual Representation Learning in Pre-training for 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 7
- 2023Learning Dense UV Completion for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 7
- 2023FreeMan: Towards Benchmarking 3D Human Pose Estimation under Real-World Conditionscited by 7
- 2023KBody: Towards general, robust, and aligned monocular whole-body estimationcited by 6
- 2023Towards Robust and Expressive Whole-body Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 6
- 2025HumanMM: Global Human Motion Recovery from Multi-shot Videoscited by 4
- 2024Personalized 3D Human Pose and Shape Refinementcited by 2
- 2024Fine Structure-Aware Sampling: A New Sampling Training Scheme for Pixel-Aligned Implicit Models in Single-View Human Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2025Unveiling Hidden Vulnerabilities in Digital Human Generation via Adversarial Attackscited by 1
- 2023A Modular Multi-stage Lightweight Graph Transformer Network for Human Pose and Shape Estimation from 2D Human Posecited by 0
- 2023SHARE: Single-view Human Adversarial REconstructioncited by 0
- 2025LatentStealth: Unnoticeable and Efficient Adversarial Attacks on Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 0
- 2025Paving the Way Towards Kinematic Assessment Using Monocular Video: A Preclinical Benchmark of State-of-the-Art Deep-Learning-Based 3D Human Pose Estimators Against Inertial Sensors in Daily Living Activitiescited by 0
- 2025On the Use of Hierarchical Vision Foundation Models for Low-Cost Human Mesh Recovery and Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2025Shape-aware Inertial Poser: Motion Tracking for Humans with Diverse Shapes Using Sparse Inertial Sensorscited by 0
- 2025Shape-aware Inertial Poser: Motion Tracking for Humans with Diverse Shapes Using Sparse Inertial Sensors20 Oct 2025
- 2025On the Use of Hierarchical Vision Foundation Models for Low-Cost Human Mesh Recovery and Pose Estimation14 Oct 2025
- 2025Paving the Way Towards Kinematic Assessment Using Monocular Video: A Preclinical Benchmark of State-of-the-Art Deep-Learning-Based 3D Human Pose Estimators Against Inertial Sensors in Daily Living Activities2 Oct 2025
- 2025LatentStealth: Unnoticeable and Efficient Adversarial Attacks on Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation17 May 2025
- 2025Unveiling Hidden Vulnerabilities in Digital Human Generation via Adversarial Attacks24 Apr 2025
- 2025HumanMM: Global Human Motion Recovery from Multi-shot Videos10 Mar 2025
- 2025SMPLest-X: Ultimate Scaling for Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation16 Jan 2025
- 2024Neural Localizer Fields for Continuous 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation10 Jul 2024
- 2024MEGA: Masked Generative Autoencoder for Human Mesh Recovery29 May 2024
- 2024Personalized 3D Human Pose and Shape Refinement18 Mar 2024
- 2024Diffusion Models are Efficient Data Generators for Human Mesh Recovery17 Mar 2024
- 2024Fine Structure-Aware Sampling: A New Sampling Training Scheme for Pixel-Aligned Implicit Models in Single-View Human Reconstruction29 Feb 2024
16 more
- 2023SHARE: Single-view Human Adversarial REconstruction30 Dec 2023
- 2023Towards Robust and Expressive Whole-body Human Pose and Shape Estimation14 Dec 2023
- 2023VQ-HPS: Human Pose and Shape Estimation in a Vector-Quantized Latent Space13 Dec 2023
- 2023You Only Learn One Query: Learning Unified Human Query for Single-Stage Multi-Person Multi-Task Human-Centric Perception9 Dec 2023
- 2023SMPLer-X: Scaling Up Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation29 Sep 2023
- 2023FreeMan: Towards Benchmarking 3D Human Pose Estimation under Real-World Conditions10 Sep 2023
- 2023ReFit: Recurrent Fitting Network for 3D Human Recovery22 Aug 2023
- 2023Learning Dense UV Completion for Human Mesh Recovery20 Jul 2023
- 2023Motion-X: A Large-scale 3D Expressive Whole-body Human Motion Dataset3 Jul 2023
- 2023BEDLAM: A Synthetic Dataset of Bodies Exhibiting Detailed Lifelike Animated Motion29 Jun 2023
- 2023KBody: Towards general, robust, and aligned monocular whole-body estimation23 Apr 2023
- 2023SynBody: Synthetic Dataset with Layered Human Models for 3D Human Perception and Modeling30 Mar 2023
- 2023One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformer28 Mar 2023
- 2023Rethinking Self-Supervised Visual Representation Learning in Pre-training for 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation9 Mar 2023
- 2023A Modular Multi-stage Lightweight Graph Transformer Network for Human Pose and Shape Estimation from 2D Human Pose31 Jan 2023
- 2022FLAG3D: A 3D Fitness Activity Dataset with Language Instruction9 Dec 2022
- 2023BEDLAM: A Synthetic Dataset of Bodies Exhibiting Detailed Lifelike Animated Motioncited by 229
- 2023Motion-X: A Large-scale 3D Expressive Whole-body Human Motion Datasetcited by 220
- 2023SMPLer-X: Scaling Up Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 154
- 2023One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformercited by 128
- 2024Neural Localizer Fields for Continuous 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 57
- 2023SynBody: Synthetic Dataset with Layered Human Models for 3D Human Perception and Modelingcited by 54
- 2023ReFit: Recurrent Fitting Network for 3D Human Recoverycited by 47
- 2025SMPLest-X: Ultimate Scaling for Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 31
- 2022FLAG3D: A 3D Fitness Activity Dataset with Language Instructioncited by 23
- 2023VQ-HPS: Human Pose and Shape Estimation in a Vector-Quantized Latent Spacecited by 13
- 2024MEGA: Masked Generative Autoencoder for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 13
- 2023You Only Learn One Query: Learning Unified Human Query for Single-Stage Multi-Person Multi-Task Human-Centric Perceptioncited by 9
12 most cited of 27 All 27 (JSON)
- 2025Shape-aware Inertial Poser: Motion Tracking for Humans with Diverse Shapes Using Sparse Inertial Sensors20 Oct 2025
- 2025On the Use of Hierarchical Vision Foundation Models for Low-Cost Human Mesh Recovery and Pose Estimation14 Oct 2025
- 2025Paving the Way Towards Kinematic Assessment Using Monocular Video: A Preclinical Benchmark of State-of-the-Art Deep-Learning-Based 3D Human Pose Estimators Against Inertial Sensors in Daily Living Activities2 Oct 2025
- 2025LatentStealth: Unnoticeable and Efficient Adversarial Attacks on Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation17 May 2025
- 2025Unveiling Hidden Vulnerabilities in Digital Human Generation via Adversarial Attacks24 Apr 2025
- 2025HumanMM: Global Human Motion Recovery from Multi-shot Videos10 Mar 2025
- 2025SMPLest-X: Ultimate Scaling for Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation16 Jan 2025
- 2024Neural Localizer Fields for Continuous 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation10 Jul 2024
- 2024MEGA: Masked Generative Autoencoder for Human Mesh Recovery29 May 2024
- 2024Personalized 3D Human Pose and Shape Refinement18 Mar 2024
- 2024Fine Structure-Aware Sampling: A New Sampling Training Scheme for Pixel-Aligned Implicit Models in Single-View Human Reconstruction29 Feb 2024
- 2023SHARE: Single-view Human Adversarial REconstruction30 Dec 2023
12 newest of 27 All 27 (JSON)