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3D Morphable Face Models -- Past, Present and Future

arXiv 1909.01815 ↗First posted 3 Sep 2019cs.CV cs.GR cs.LGcited by 269

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we provide a detailed survey of 3D Morphable Face Models over the 20 years since they were first proposed. The challenges in building and applying these models, namely capture, modeling, image formation, and image analysis, are still active research topics, and we review the state-of-the-art in each of these areas. We also look ahead, identifying unsolved challenges, proposing directions for future research and highlighting the broad range of current and future applications.

Key facts. Cited by 269 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 Sep 2019.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 43; 2022: 47; 2023: 64; 2024: 39; 2025: 48; 2026: 28.

269 papers.

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  1. 2023HexPlane: A Fast Representation for Dynamic Scenescited by 582
  2. 2021GAN Inversion: A Surveycited by 366
  3. 2022EMOCA: Emotion Driven Monocular Face Capture and Animationcited by 254
  4. 2021HeadNeRF: A Real-time NeRF-based Parametric Head Modelcited by 228
  5. 2021Neural Head Avatars from Monocular RGB Videoscited by 212
  6. 2022Towards Metrical Reconstruction of Human Facescited by 165
  7. 2021Collaborative Regression of Expressive Bodies using Moderationcited by 137
  8. 2023One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformercited by 128
  9. 2021ForgeryNet: A Versatile Benchmark for Comprehensive Forgery Analysiscited by 124
  10. 2022Realistic One-shot Mesh-based Head Avatarscited by 119
  11. 2022Recovering 3D Human Mesh from Monocular Images: A Surveycited by 103
  12. 2023Emotional Speech-Driven Animation with Content-Emotion Disentanglementcited by 98
38 more
  1. 2021MoFaNeRF: Morphable Facial Neural Radiance Fieldcited by 94
  2. 2021GAN-Control: Explicitly Controllable GANscited by 91
  3. 2021LOLNeRF: Learn from One Lookcited by 84
  4. 2024SMIRK: 3D Facial Expressions through Analysis-by-Neural-Synthesiscited by 81
  5. 2023FaceDiffuser: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Diffusioncited by 77
  6. 2023DiffusionRig: Learning Personalized Priors for Facial Appearance Editingcited by 74
  7. 2022Imitator: Personalized Speech-driven 3D Facial Animationcited by 73
  8. 2022ImFace: A Nonlinear 3D Morphable Face Model with Implicit Neural Representationscited by 64
  9. 2024Advances in 3D Generation: A Surveycited by 62
  10. 2024Gen3DSR: Generalizable 3D Scene Reconstruction via Divide and Conquer from a Single Viewcited by 59
  11. 2023Unsupervised Learning of Robust Spectral Shape Matchingcited by 57
  12. 2022Visual Speech-Aware Perceptual 3D Facial Expression Reconstruction from Videoscited by 50
  13. 2021AvatarMe++: Facial Shape and BRDF Inference with Photorealistic Rendering-Aware GANscited by 49
  14. 2021Towards High Fidelity Monocular Face Reconstruction with Rich Reflectance using Self-supervised Learning and Ray Tracingcited by 48
  15. 2022FaceDancer: Pose- and Occlusion-Aware High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 44
  16. 2023Learning Personalized High Quality Volumetric Head Avatars from Monocular RGB Videoscited by 44
  17. 2023Learning Disentangled Avatars with Hybrid 3D Representationscited by 44
  18. 2022StyleSwap: Style-Based Generator Empowers Robust Face Swappingcited by 39
  19. 2022FFHQ-UV: Normalized Facial UV-Texture Dataset for 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 39
  20. 2024Media2Face: Co-speech Facial Animation Generation With Multi-Modality Guidancecited by 39
  21. 2023FitMe: Deep Photorealistic 3D Morphable Model Avatarscited by 38
  22. 2021Practical Face Reconstruction via Differentiable Ray Tracingcited by 35
  23. 2021FaceScape: 3D Facial Dataset and Benchmark for Single-View 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 34
  24. 2023Relightify: Relightable 3D Faces from a Single Image via Diffusion Modelscited by 34
  25. 2023Instant Multi-View Head Capture through Learnable Registrationcited by 34
  26. 2021Fast-GANFIT: Generative Adversarial Network for High Fidelity 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 33
  27. 2022REALY: Rethinking the Evaluation of 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 32
  28. 2022Towards Racially Unbiased Skin Tone Estimation via Scene Disambiguationcited by 32
  29. 2023High-Fidelity 3D Face Generation from Natural Language Descriptionscited by 32
  30. 2021Riggable 3D Face Reconstruction via In-Network Optimizationcited by 31
  31. 2022DAD-3DHeads: A Large-scale Dense, Accurate and Diverse Dataset for 3D Head Alignment from a Single Imagecited by 31
  32. 2022SunStage: Portrait Reconstruction and Relighting using the Sun as a Light Stagecited by 30
  33. 2022State of the Art in Dense Monocular Non-Rigid 3D Reconstructioncited by 30
  34. 2023FaceXHuBERT: Text-less Speech-driven E(X)pressive 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learningcited by 29
  35. 2023AvatarStudio: Text-driven Editing of 3D Dynamic Human Head Avatarscited by 29
  36. 2022JIFF: Jointly-aligned Implicit Face Function for High Quality Single View Clothed Human Reconstructioncited by 26
  37. 2024Spectral Meets Spatial: Harmonising 3D Shape Matching and Interpolationcited by 26
  38. 2023Neural Face Rigging for Animating and Retargeting Facial Meshes in the Wildcited by 25

50 most cited of 269 All 269 (JSON)