Neural Rerendering in the Wild
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Abstract (arXiv)
We explore total scene capture -- recording, modeling, and rerendering a scene under varying appearance such as season and time of day. Starting from internet photos of a tourist landmark, we apply traditional 3D reconstruction to register the photos and approximate the scene as a point cloud. For each photo, we render the scene points into a deep framebuffer, and train a neural network to learn the mapping of these initial renderings to the actual photos. This rerendering network also takes as input a latent appearance vector and a semantic mask indicating the location of transient objects like pedestrians. The model is evaluated on several datasets of publicly available images spanning a broad range of illumination conditions. We create short videos demonstrating realistic manipulation of the image viewpoint, appearance, and semantic labeling. We also compare results with prior work on scene reconstruction from internet photos.
Key facts. Cited by 121 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 Apr 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 47; 2022: 22; 2023: 30; 2024: 15; 2025: 4; 2026: 3.
121 papers.
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- 2023K-Planes: Explicit Radiance Fields in Space, Time, and Appearancecited by 742
- 2021Depth-supervised NeRF: Fewer Views and Faster Training for Freecited by 732
- 2022Block-NeRF: Scalable Large Scene Neural View Synthesiscited by 720
- 2021IBRNet: Learning Multi-View Image-Based Renderingcited by 698
- 2021BARF: Bundle-Adjusting Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 641
- 2022Point-NeRF: Point-based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 503
- 2021Advances in Neural Renderingcited by 365
- 2023Compact 3D Gaussian Representation for Radiance Fieldcited by 365
- 2021PhySG: Inverse Rendering with Spherical Gaussians for Physics-based Material Editing and Relightingcited by 332
- 2021Mixture of Volumetric Primitives for Efficient Neural Renderingcited by 277
- 2021A-NeRF: Articulated Neural Radiance Fields for Learning Human Shape, Appearance, and Posecited by 233
- 2021Scene Representation Transformer: Geometry-Free Novel View Synthesis Through Set-Latent Scene Representationscited by 222
38 more
- 2021HyperNeRF: A Higher-Dimensional Representation for Topologically Varying Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 210
- 2024VastGaussian: Vast 3D Gaussians for Large Scene Reconstructioncited by 209
- 2021GeoNeRF: Generalizing NeRF with Geometry Priorscited by 195
- 2021Stereo Radiance Fields (SRF): Learning View Synthesis for Sparse Views of Novel Scenescited by 190
- 2021Shape As Points: A Differentiable Poisson Solvercited by 186
- 2021COTR: Correspondence Transformer for Matching Across Imagescited by 182
- 2023GPS-Gaussian: Generalizable Pixel-wise 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-time Human Novel View Synthesiscited by 170
- 2021H-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Rendering and Temporal Reconstruction of Humans in Motioncited by 157
- 2021Editable Free-viewpoint Video Using a Layered Neural Representationcited by 148
- 2022StylizedNeRF: Consistent 3D Scene Stylization as Stylized NeRF via 2D-3D Mutual Learningcited by 140
- 2021Hallucinated Neural Radiance Fields in the Wildcited by 130
- 2023Consistent View Synthesis with Pose-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 117
- 2024Gaussian in the Wild: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Unconstrained Image Collectionscited by 117
- 2021NeRF for Outdoor Scene Relightingcited by 114
- 2021Geometry-Free View Synthesis: Transformers and no 3D Priorscited by 99
- 2023Grid-guided Neural Radiance Fields for Large Urban Scenescited by 99
- 2021T"oRF: Time-of-Flight Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scene View Synthesiscited by 88
- 2022Differentiable Point-Based Radiance Fields for Efficient View Synthesiscited by 86
- 2021PixelSynth: Generating a 3D-Consistent Experience from a Single Imagecited by 82
- 2021Learning Indoor Inverse Rendering with 3D Spatially-Varying Lightingcited by 82
- 2023Neural Point Catacaustics for Novel-View Synthesis of Reflectionscited by 81
- 2022Neural 3D Reconstruction in the Wildcited by 79
- 2021Learning to Stylize Novel Viewscited by 76
- 2024Fully Explicit Dynamic Gaussian Splattingcited by 75
- 2024MultiDiff: Consistent Novel View Synthesis from a Single Imagecited by 67
- 2021Shelf-Supervised Mesh Prediction in the Wildcited by 65
- 2021Direct-PoseNet: Absolute Pose Regression with Photometric Consistencycited by 61
- 2022Control-NeRF: Editable Feature Volumes for Scene Rendering and Manipulationcited by 57
- 2023Tetra-NeRF: Representing Neural Radiance Fields Using Tetrahedracited by 57
- 2024Wild-GS: Real-Time Novel View Synthesis from Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 56
- 2023Urban Radiance Field Representation with Deformable Neural Mesh Primitivescited by 55
- 2023CamP: Camera Preconditioning for Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 55
- 2021Style and Pose Control for Image Synthesis of Humans from a Single Monocular Viewcited by 53
- 2021Multimodal Image Synthesis and Editing: The Generative AI Eracited by 52
- 2022DiffDreamer: Towards Consistent Unsupervised Single-view Scene Extrapolation with Conditional Diffusion Modelscited by 51
- 2021Free-viewpoint Indoor Neural Relighting from Multi-view Stereocited by 50
- 2022READ: Large-Scale Neural Scene Rendering for Autonomous Drivingcited by 50
- 2021Self-supervised Outdoor Scene Relightingcited by 48
50 most cited of 121 All 121 (JSON)
- 2026From Uncertainty to Stability and Fidelity: Guiding Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Splatting with Fisher Information18 Jun 2026
- 2026GSStream: 3D Gaussian Splatting based Volumetric Scene Streaming System10 Mar 2026
- 2026PackUV: Packed Gaussian UV Maps for 4D Volumetric Video26 Feb 2026
- 2025UniVerse: Unleashing the Scene Prior of Video Diffusion Models for Robust Radiance Field Reconstruction2 Oct 2025
- 2025Seg-Wild: Interactive Segmentation based on 3D Gaussian Splatting for Unconstrained Image Collections10 Jul 2025
- 2025WildCAT3D: Appearance-Aware Multi-View Diffusion in the Wild16 Jun 2025
- 2025SEGS-SLAM: Structure-enhanced 3D Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Appearance Embedding9 Jan 2025
- 2024Deformable Radial Kernel Splatting16 Dec 2024
- 2024SimVS: Simulating World Inconsistencies for Robust View Synthesis10 Dec 2024
- 2024GPS-Gaussian+: Generalizable Pixel-wise 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Human-Scene Rendering from Sparse Views18 Nov 2024
- 2024Fully Explicit Dynamic Gaussian Splatting21 Oct 2024
- 2024Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting for Static and Dynamic Radiance Fields7 Aug 2024
38 more
- 2024IE-NeRF: Inpainting Enhanced Neural Radiance Fields in the Wild15 Jul 2024
- 2024MultiDiff: Consistent Novel View Synthesis from a Single Image26 Jun 2024
- 2024Wild-GS: Real-Time Novel View Synthesis from Unconstrained Photo Collections14 Jun 2024
- 2024Point Resampling and Ray Transformation Aid to Editable NeRF Models12 May 2024
- 2024RPBG: Towards Robust Neural Point-based Graphics in the Wild9 May 2024
- 2024Gaussian in the Wild: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Unconstrained Image Collections23 Mar 2024
- 2024Fed3DGS: Scalable 3D Gaussian Splatting with Federated Learning18 Mar 2024
- 2024VastGaussian: Vast 3D Gaussians for Large Scene Reconstruction27 Feb 2024
- 2024TRIPS: Trilinear Point Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering11 Jan 2024
- 2024See360: Novel Panoramic View Interpolation7 Jan 2024
- 2023GPS-Gaussian: Generalizable Pixel-wise 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-time Human Novel View Synthesis4 Dec 2023
- 2023Volumetric Cloud Field Reconstruction29 Nov 2023
- 2023Compact 3D Gaussian Representation for Radiance Field22 Nov 2023
- 20233D Face Style Transfer with a Hybrid Solution of NeRF and Mesh Rasterization22 Nov 2023
- 2023VET: Visual Error Tomography for Point Cloud Completion and High-Quality Neural Rendering8 Nov 2023
- 2023Multi-task Learning with 3D-Aware Regularization2 Oct 2023
- 2023ImmersiveNeRF: Hybrid Radiance Fields for Unbounded Immersive Light Field Reconstruction4 Sep 2023
- 2023Depth self-supervision for single image novel view synthesis27 Aug 2023
- 2023Relighting Neural Radiance Fields with Shadow and Highlight Hints25 Aug 2023
- 2023CamP: Camera Preconditioning for Neural Radiance Fields21 Aug 2023
- 2023Where and How: Mitigating Confusion in Neural Radiance Fields from Sparse Inputs5 Aug 2023
- 2023LoLep: Single-View View Synthesis with Locally-Learned Planes and Self-Attention Occlusion Inference23 Jul 2023
- 2023Urban Radiance Field Representation with Deformable Neural Mesh Primitives20 Jul 2023
- 2023Neural Scene Chronology13 Jun 2023
- 2023Towards Scalable Multi-View Reconstruction of Geometry and Materials6 Jun 2023
- 2023CLIP3Dstyler: Language Guided 3D Arbitrary Neural Style Transfer25 May 2023
- 2023Inverse Rendering of Translucent Objects using Physical and Neural Renderers15 May 2023
- 2023Local Implicit Ray Function for Generalizable Radiance Field Representation25 Apr 2023
- 2023Tetra-NeRF: Representing Neural Radiance Fields Using Tetrahedra19 Apr 2023
- 2023Single-View View Synthesis with Self-Rectified Pseudo-Stereo19 Apr 2023
- 2023Text-Conditional Contextualized Avatars For Zero-Shot Personalization14 Apr 2023
- 2023UVA: Towards Unified Volumetric Avatar for View Synthesis, Pose rendering, Geometry and Texture Editing14 Apr 2023
- 2023NPC: Neural Point Characters from Video4 Apr 2023
- 2023Consistent View Synthesis with Pose-Guided Diffusion Models30 Mar 2023
- 2023FlexNeRF: Photorealistic Free-viewpoint Rendering of Moving Humans from Sparse Views25 Mar 2023
- 2023Grid-guided Neural Radiance Fields for Large Urban Scenes24 Mar 2023
- 2023Learning Object-Centric Neural Scattering Functions for Free-Viewpoint Relighting and Scene Composition10 Mar 2023
- 2023PersonNeRF: Personalized Reconstruction from Photo Collections16 Feb 2023
50 newest of 121 All 121 (JSON)
- 2023K-Planes: Explicit Radiance Fields in Space, Time, and Appearancecited by 742
- 2021Depth-supervised NeRF: Fewer Views and Faster Training for Freecited by 732
- 2022Block-NeRF: Scalable Large Scene Neural View Synthesiscited by 720
- 2021IBRNet: Learning Multi-View Image-Based Renderingcited by 698
- 2021BARF: Bundle-Adjusting Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 641
- 2022Point-NeRF: Point-based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 503
- 2021Advances in Neural Renderingcited by 365
- 2023Compact 3D Gaussian Representation for Radiance Fieldcited by 365
- 2021PhySG: Inverse Rendering with Spherical Gaussians for Physics-based Material Editing and Relightingcited by 332
- 2021Mixture of Volumetric Primitives for Efficient Neural Renderingcited by 277
- 2021A-NeRF: Articulated Neural Radiance Fields for Learning Human Shape, Appearance, and Posecited by 233
- 2021Scene Representation Transformer: Geometry-Free Novel View Synthesis Through Set-Latent Scene Representationscited by 222
12 most cited of 117 All 117 (JSON)
- 2026From Uncertainty to Stability and Fidelity: Guiding Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Splatting with Fisher Information18 Jun 2026
- 2026GSStream: 3D Gaussian Splatting based Volumetric Scene Streaming System10 Mar 2026
- 2026PackUV: Packed Gaussian UV Maps for 4D Volumetric Video26 Feb 2026
- 2025Seg-Wild: Interactive Segmentation based on 3D Gaussian Splatting for Unconstrained Image Collections10 Jul 2025
- 2025WildCAT3D: Appearance-Aware Multi-View Diffusion in the Wild16 Jun 2025
- 2025SEGS-SLAM: Structure-enhanced 3D Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Appearance Embedding9 Jan 2025
- 2024Deformable Radial Kernel Splatting16 Dec 2024
- 2024SimVS: Simulating World Inconsistencies for Robust View Synthesis10 Dec 2024
- 2024GPS-Gaussian+: Generalizable Pixel-wise 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Human-Scene Rendering from Sparse Views18 Nov 2024
- 2024Fully Explicit Dynamic Gaussian Splatting21 Oct 2024
- 2024Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting for Static and Dynamic Radiance Fields7 Aug 2024
- 2024IE-NeRF: Inpainting Enhanced Neural Radiance Fields in the Wild15 Jul 2024
12 newest of 117 All 117 (JSON)