mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

COTR: Correspondence Transformer for Matching Across Images

arXiv 2103.14167 ↗First posted 25 Mar 2021cs.CVcited by 182

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Abstract (arXiv)

We propose a novel framework for finding correspondences in images based on a deep neural network that, given two images and a query point in one of them, finds its correspondence in the other. By doing so, one has the option to query only the points of interest and retrieve sparse correspondences, or to query all points in an image and obtain dense mappings. Importantly, in order to capture both local and global priors, and to let our model relate between image regions using the most relevant among said priors, we realize our network using a transformer. At inference time, we apply our correspondence network by recursively zooming in around the estimates, yielding a multiscale pipeline able to provide highly-accurate correspondences. Our method significantly outperforms the state of the art on both sparse and dense correspondence problems on multiple datasets and tasks, ranging from wide-baseline stereo to optical flow, without any retraining for a specific dataset. We commit to releasing data, code, and all the tools necessary to train from scratch and ensure reproducibility.

Key facts. Cited by 182 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 47 of its 78 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Mar 2021.

Builds on

47 of 78 references.

References · 47

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
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  9. 2020RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flowcited by 2,385
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35 more
  1. 2017SuperPoint: Self-Supervised Interest Point Detection and Descriptioncited by 1,313
  2. 2015FlowNet: Learning Optical Flow with Convolutional Networkscited by 1,054
  3. 2017PWC-Net: CNNs for Optical Flow Using Pyramid, Warping, and Cost Volumecited by 966
  4. 2016Stacked Hourglass Networks for Human Pose Estimationcited by 913
  5. 2017Unsupervised Learning of Depth and Ego-Motion from Videocited by 778
  6. 2018MegaDepth: Learning Single-View Depth Prediction from Internet Photoscited by 731
  7. 2018DensePose: Dense Human Pose Estimation In The Wildcited by 573
  8. 2018From Coarse to Fine: Robust Hierarchical Localization at Large Scalecited by 556
  9. 2019SAL: Sign Agnostic Learning of Shapes from Raw Datacited by 389
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  12. 2016LIFT: Learned Invariant Feature Transformcited by 305
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  14. 2020Image Matching across Wide Baselines: From Paper to Practicecited by 224
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  18. 2017Learning to Find Good Correspondencescited by 176
  19. 2018Neighbourhood Consensus Networkscited by 173
  20. 2018LF-Net: Learning Local Features from Imagescited by 151
  21. 2019Learning Two-View Correspondences and Geometry Using Order-Aware Networkcited by 148
  22. 2020Frequency Bias in Neural Networks for Input of Non-Uniform Densitycited by 140
  23. 2019GLU-Net: Global-Local Universal Network for Dense Flow and Correspondencescited by 139
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  29. 2018DGC-Net: Dense Geometric Correspondence Networkcited by 67
  30. 2020GOCor: Bringing Globally Optimized Correspondence Volumes into Your Neural Networkcited by 53
  31. 2019Large-scale, real-time visual-inertial localization revisitedcited by 45
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Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 12; 2022: 40; 2023: 55; 2024: 40; 2025: 19; 2026: 16.

182 papers.

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  1. 2021LoFTR: Detector-Free Local Feature Matching with Transformerscited by 974
  2. 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3Rcited by 960
  3. 2023Ego-Exo4D: Understanding Skilled Human Activity from First- and Third-Person Perspectivescited by 477
  4. 2021Deep ViT Features as Dense Visual Descriptorscited by 327
  5. 2021GMFlow: Learning Optical Flow via Global Matchingcited by 324
  6. 2023TAPIR: Tracking Any Point with per-frame Initialization and temporal Refinementcited by 281
  7. 2022FlowFormer: A Transformer Architecture for Optical Flowcited by 273
  8. 2022TAP-Vid: A Benchmark for Tracking Any Point in a Videocited by 258
  9. 2023Visual Geometry Grounded Deep Structure From Motioncited by 225
  10. 2022Particle Video Revisited: Tracking Through Occlusions Using Point Trajectoriescited by 215
  11. 2023Tracking Everything Everywhere All at Oncecited by 190
  12. 2024Motion Prompting: Controlling Video Generation with Motion Trajectoriescited by 176
38 more
  1. 2022DKM: Dense Kernelized Feature Matching for Geometry Estimationcited by 174
  2. 2022ASpanFormer: Detector-Free Image Matching with Adaptive Span Transformercited by 170
  3. 2024MASt3R-SfM: a Fully-Integrated Solution for Unconstrained Structure-from-Motioncited by 161
  4. 2022MatchFormer: Interleaving Attention in Transformers for Feature Matchingcited by 126
  5. 2023ALIKED: A Lighter Keypoint and Descriptor Extraction Network via Deformable Transformationcited by 120
  6. 2023Unsupervised Semantic Correspondence Using Stable Diffusioncited by 120
  7. 2021A Survey of Visual Transformerscited by 117
  8. 2024BootsTAP: Bootstrapped Training for Tracking-Any-Pointcited by 115
  9. 2022Cost Aggregation with 4D Convolutional Swin Transformer for Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 114
  10. 2023R2Former: Unified Retrieval and Reranking Transformer for Place Recognitioncited by 102
  11. 2023SINE: Semantic-driven Image-based NeRF Editing with Prior-guided Editing Fieldcited by 93
  12. 2022NeRF-Supervision: Learning Dense Object Descriptors from Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 86
  13. 2021PDC-Net+: Enhanced Probabilistic Dense Correspondence Networkcited by 80
  14. 2021CATs: Cost Aggregation Transformers for Visual Correspondencecited by 77
  15. 2024Local All-Pair Correspondence for Point Trackingcited by 77
  16. 2022Transformer Tracking with Cyclic Shifting Window Attentioncited by 75
  17. 2023GlueStick: Robust Image Matching by Sticking Points and Lines Togethercited by 65
  18. 2023MFT: Long-Term Tracking of Every Pixelcited by 61
  19. 2024DreamMatcher: Appearance Matching Self-Attention for Semantically-Consistent Text-to-Image Personalizationcited by 60
  20. 2022CATs++: Boosting Cost Aggregation with Convolutions and Transformerscited by 53
  21. 2022MVSFormer: Multi-View Stereo by Learning Robust Image Features and Temperature-based Depthcited by 50
  22. 2023FeatureNeRF: Learning Generalizable NeRFs by Distilling Foundation Modelscited by 47
  23. 2024TAPTR: Tracking Any Point with Transformers as Detectioncited by 43
  24. 2025Dynamic Point Maps: A Versatile Representation for Dynamic 3D Reconstructioncited by 43
  25. 2022nerf2nerf: Pairwise Registration of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 39
  26. 2023SNAP: Self-Supervised Neural Maps for Visual Positioning and Semantic Understandingcited by 38
  27. 2023Tracking and Mapping in Medical Computer Vision: A Reviewcited by 36
  28. 2024Gaze-LLE: Gaze Target Estimation via Large-Scale Learned Encoderscited by 36
  29. 2025UFM: A Simple Path towards Unified Dense Correspondence with Flowcited by 35
  30. 2023PATS: Patch Area Transportation with Subdivision for Local Feature Matchingcited by 33
  31. 2022TopicFM: Robust and Interpretable Topic-Assisted Feature Matchingcited by 32
  32. 2021Input-level Inductive Biases for 3D Reconstructioncited by 31
  33. 2022Refign: Align and Refine for Adaptation of Semantic Segmentation to Adverse Conditionscited by 31
  34. 2024Reconstructing People, Places, and Camerascited by 31
  35. 2022Adaptive Assignment for Geometry Aware Local Feature Matchingcited by 30
  36. 2023POPE: 6-DoF Promptable Pose Estimation of Any Object, in Any Scene, with One Referencecited by 30
  37. 2022TransforMatcher: Match-to-Match Attention for Semantic Correspondencecited by 29
  38. 2023NeRF-Loc: Visual Localization with Conditional Neural Radiance Fieldcited by 29

50 most cited of 182 All 182 (JSON)