mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

HumanGaussian: Text-Driven 3D Human Generation with Gaussian Splatting

arXiv 2311.17061 ↗First posted 28 Nov 2023cs.CVcited by 89

Not on the map. Why?

Cited by 22 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

Realistic 3D human generation from text prompts is a desirable yet challenging task. Existing methods optimize 3D representations like mesh or neural fields via score distillation sampling (SDS), which suffers from inadequate fine details or excessive training time. In this paper, we propose an efficient yet effective framework, HumanGaussian, that generates high-quality 3D humans with fine-grained geometry and realistic appearance. Our key insight is that 3D Gaussian Splatting is an efficient renderer with periodic Gaussian shrinkage or growing, where such adaptive density control can be naturally guided by intrinsic human structures. Specifically, 1) we first propose a Structure-Aware SDS that simultaneously optimizes human appearance and geometry. The multi-modal score function from both RGB and depth space is leveraged to distill the Gaussian densification and pruning process. 2) Moreover, we devise an Annealed Negative Prompt Guidance by decomposing SDS into a noisier generative score and a cleaner classifier score, which well addresses the over-saturation issue. The floating artifacts are further eliminated based on Gaussian size in a prune-only phase to enhance generation smoothness. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency and competitive quality of our framework, rendering vivid 3D humans under diverse scenarios. Project Page: https://alvinliu0.github.io/projects/HumanGaussian

Key facts. Cited by 89 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 80 of its 102 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Nov 2023.

Builds on

80 of 102 references.

References · 80

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  2. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,305
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  4. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
  5. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,355
  6. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
  7. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
  8. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,503
  9. 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,248
  10. 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,401
  11. 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,152
  12. 2022DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusioncited by 3,025
38 more
  1. 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,712
  2. 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,613
  3. 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,612
  4. 2022Objaverse: A Universe of Annotated 3D Objectscited by 1,540
  5. 2019Towards Robust Monocular Depth Estimation: Mixing Datasets for Zero-shot Cross-dataset Transfercited by 1,495
  6. 2023ProlificDreamer: High-Fidelity and Diverse Text-to-3D Generation with Variational Score Distillationcited by 1,219
  7. 2021Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 996
  8. 2023MVDream: Multi-view Diffusion for 3D Generationcited by 938
  9. 2023LRM: Large Reconstruction Model for Single Image to 3Dcited by 849
  10. 2023DreamGaussian: Generative Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Content Creationcited by 843
  11. 2018PointCNN: Convolution On X-Transformed Pointscited by 764
  12. 2023Dynamic 3D Gaussians: Tracking by Persistent Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 737
  13. 2022Point-E: A System for Generating 3D Point Clouds from Complex Promptscited by 699
  14. 2023Fantasia3D: Disentangling Geometry and Appearance for High-quality Text-to-3D Content Creationcited by 687
  15. 2018Pixel2Mesh: Generating 3D Mesh Models from Single RGB Imagescited by 651
  16. 2021UNISURF: Unifying Neural Implicit Surfaces and Radiance Fields for Multi-View Reconstructioncited by 646
  17. 2022Score Jacobian Chaining: Lifting Pretrained 2D Diffusion Models for 3D Generationcited by 597
  18. 20163D-R2N2: A Unified Approach for Single and Multi-view 3D Object Reconstructioncited by 588
  19. 2018DensePose: Dense Human Pose Estimation In The Wildcited by 575
  20. 2020PIFuHD: Multi-Level Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution 3D Human Digitizationcited by 521
  21. 2021Zero-Shot Text-Guided Object Generation with Dream Fieldscited by 513
  22. 2022Latent-NeRF for Shape-Guided Generation of 3D Shapes and Texturescited by 506
  23. 2022HumanNeRF: Free-viewpoint Rendering of Moving People from Monocular Videocited by 483
  24. 2021Deep Marching Tetrahedra: a Hybrid Representation for High-Resolution 3D Shape Synthesiscited by 460
  25. 2021Neural Geometric Level of Detail: Real-time Rendering with Implicit 3D Shapescited by 426
  26. 2023Shap-E: Generating Conditional 3D Implicit Functionscited by 385
  27. 2023Instant3D: Fast Text-to-3D with Sparse-View Generation and Large Reconstruction Modelcited by 378
  28. 2021CLIP-NeRF: Text-and-Image Driven Manipulation of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 370
  29. 2021PARE: Part Attention Regressor for 3D Human Body Estimationcited by 337
  30. 2021Text2Mesh: Text-Driven Neural Stylization for Meshescited by 334
  31. 2020HybrIK: A Hybrid Analytical-Neural Inverse Kinematics Solution for 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 307
  32. 2023TEXTure: Text-Guided Texturing of 3D Shapescited by 304
  33. 2023Text-to-3D using Gaussian Splattingcited by 299
  34. 2022SDFusion: Multimodal 3D Shape Completion, Reconstruction, and Generationcited by 288
  35. 2022CLIP-Mesh: Generating textured meshes from text using pretrained image-text modelscited by 281
  36. 2018Toward Characteristic-Preserving Image-based Virtual Try-On Networkcited by 192
  37. 20233DGen: Triplane Latent Diffusion for Textured Mesh Generationcited by 183
  38. 2023Single-Stage Diffusion NeRF: A Unified Approach to 3D Generation and Reconstructioncited by 180

50 most cited of 80 All 80 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 48; 2025: 32; 2026: 8.

89 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2024A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 224
  2. 2024VD3D: Taming Large Video Diffusion Transformers for 3D Camera Controlcited by 156
  3. 2024Recent Advances in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 131
  4. 2024GALA3D: Towards Text-to-3D Complex Scene Generation via Layout-guided Generative Gaussian Splattingcited by 109
  5. 2025Cosmos-Transfer1: Conditional World Generation with Adaptive Multimodal Controlcited by 106
  6. 20244Diffusion: Multi-view Video Diffusion Model for 4D Generationcited by 104
  7. 2024Semantic Gaussians: Open-Vocabulary Scene Understanding with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 82
  8. 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 78
  9. 2024TC4D: Trajectory-Conditioned Text-to-4D Generationcited by 77
  10. 2024End-to-End Rate-Distortion Optimized 3D Gaussian Representationcited by 75
  11. 2024R2-Gaussian: Rectifying Radiative Gaussian Splatting for Tomographic Reconstructioncited by 67
  12. 2024Advances in 3D Generation: A Surveycited by 63
38 more
  1. 2024Wild-GS: Real-Time Novel View Synthesis from Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 56
  2. 2026Lyra 2.0: Explorable Generative 3D Worldscited by 44
  3. 2024Gaussian Splatting: 3D Reconstruction and Novel View Synthesis, a Reviewcited by 41
  4. 2025LangSplatV2: High-dimensional 3D Language Gaussian Splatting with 450+ FPScited by 41
  5. 2025Lyra: Generative 3D Scene Reconstruction via Video Diffusion Model Self-Distillationcited by 41
  6. 2024HeadStudio: Text to Animatable Head Avatars with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 35
  7. 2024HDR-GS: Efficient High Dynamic Range Novel View Synthesis at 1000x Speed via Gaussian Splattingcited by 35
  8. 2024SplatFlow: Multi-View Rectified Flow Model for 3D Gaussian Splatting Synthesiscited by 34
  9. 2023Disentangled Clothed Avatar Generation from Text Descriptionscited by 33
  10. 2025CityGS-X: A Scalable Architecture for Efficient and Geometrically Accurate Large-Scale Scene Reconstructioncited by 26
  11. 2024LM-Gaussian: Boost Sparse-view 3D Gaussian Splatting with Large Model Priorscited by 25
  12. 2024AvatarGO: Zero-shot 4D Human-Object Interaction Generation and Animationcited by 25
  13. 2024MagicMan: Generative Novel View Synthesis of Humans with 3D-Aware Diffusion and Iterative Refinementcited by 24
  14. 2024Make-It-Animatable: An Efficient Framework for Authoring Animation-Ready 3D Characterscited by 23
  15. 2025Lifting by Gaussians: A Simple, Fast and Flexible Method for 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 23
  16. 2024GPS-Gaussian+: Generalizable Pixel-wise 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Human-Scene Rendering from Sparse Viewscited by 22
  17. 2024BrightDreamer: Generic 3D Gaussian Generative Framework for Fast Text-to-3D Synthesiscited by 20
  18. 2025A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Applications: Segmentation, Editing, and Generationcited by 19
  19. 2024Compositional 3D-aware Video Generation with LLM Directorcited by 18
  20. 2025Compositional Generative Model of Unbounded 4D Citiescited by 17
  21. 2026Faster-GS: Analyzing and Improving Gaussian Splatting Optimizationcited by 17
  22. 2024DreamCar: Leveraging Car-specific Prior for in-the-wild 3D Car Reconstructioncited by 16
  23. 2024GauU-Scene: A Scene Reconstruction Benchmark on Large Scale 3D Reconstruction Dataset Using Gaussian Splattingcited by 15
  24. 2024Portrait3D: Text-Guided High-Quality 3D Portrait Generation Using Pyramid Representation and GANs Priorcited by 15
  25. 2024HDRSplat: Gaussian Splatting for High Dynamic Range 3D Scene Reconstruction from Raw Imagescited by 15
  26. 2025Simulating the Real World: A Unified Survey of Multimodal Generative Modelscited by 15
  27. 2024Instant 3D Human Avatar Generation using Image Diffusion Modelscited by 14
  28. 2025VideoRFSplat: Direct Scene-Level Text-to-3D Gaussian Splatting Generation with Flexible Pose and Multi-View Joint Modelingcited by 14
  29. 2024A Survey on 3D Human Avatar Modeling -- From Reconstruction to Generationcited by 13
  30. 2024STAR: Skeleton-aware Text-based 4D Avatar Generation with In-Network Motion Retargetingcited by 13
  31. 2024Envision3D: One Image to 3D with Anchor Views Interpolationcited by 12
  32. 2024Reference-based Controllable Scene Stylization with Gaussian Splattingcited by 12
  33. 2024DreamWaltz-G: Expressive 3D Gaussian Avatars from Skeleton-Guided 2D Diffusioncited by 12
  34. 2025WeatherEdit: Controllable Weather Editing with 4D Gaussian Fieldcited by 12
  35. 2025UP2You: Fast Reconstruction of Yourself from Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 10
  36. 2024ClotheDreamer: Text-Guided Garment Generation with 3D Gaussianscited by 9
  37. 2025HumanRAM: Feed-forward Human Reconstruction and Animation Model using Transformerscited by 9
  38. 2024UVMap-ID: A Controllable and Personalized UV Map Generative Modelcited by 7

50 most cited of 89 All 89 (JSON)