HumanGaussian: Text-Driven 3D Human Generation with Gaussian Splatting
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Cited by 22 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.
Abstract (arXiv)
Realistic 3D human generation from text prompts is a desirable yet challenging task. Existing methods optimize 3D representations like mesh or neural fields via score distillation sampling (SDS), which suffers from inadequate fine details or excessive training time. In this paper, we propose an efficient yet effective framework, HumanGaussian, that generates high-quality 3D humans with fine-grained geometry and realistic appearance. Our key insight is that 3D Gaussian Splatting is an efficient renderer with periodic Gaussian shrinkage or growing, where such adaptive density control can be naturally guided by intrinsic human structures. Specifically, 1) we first propose a Structure-Aware SDS that simultaneously optimizes human appearance and geometry. The multi-modal score function from both RGB and depth space is leveraged to distill the Gaussian densification and pruning process. 2) Moreover, we devise an Annealed Negative Prompt Guidance by decomposing SDS into a noisier generative score and a cleaner classifier score, which well addresses the over-saturation issue. The floating artifacts are further eliminated based on Gaussian size in a prune-only phase to enhance generation smoothness. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency and competitive quality of our framework, rendering vivid 3D humans under diverse scenarios. Project Page: https://alvinliu0.github.io/projects/HumanGaussian
Key facts. Cited by 89 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 80 of its 102 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Nov 2023.
Builds on
80 of 102 references.
References · 80
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38 more
- 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,712
- 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,613
- 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,612
- 2022Objaverse: A Universe of Annotated 3D Objectscited by 1,540
- 2019Towards Robust Monocular Depth Estimation: Mixing Datasets for Zero-shot Cross-dataset Transfercited by 1,495
- 2023ProlificDreamer: High-Fidelity and Diverse Text-to-3D Generation with Variational Score Distillationcited by 1,219
- 2021Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 996
- 2023MVDream: Multi-view Diffusion for 3D Generationcited by 938
- 2023LRM: Large Reconstruction Model for Single Image to 3Dcited by 849
- 2023DreamGaussian: Generative Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Content Creationcited by 843
- 2018PointCNN: Convolution On X-Transformed Pointscited by 764
- 2023Dynamic 3D Gaussians: Tracking by Persistent Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 737
- 2022Point-E: A System for Generating 3D Point Clouds from Complex Promptscited by 699
- 2023Fantasia3D: Disentangling Geometry and Appearance for High-quality Text-to-3D Content Creationcited by 687
- 2018Pixel2Mesh: Generating 3D Mesh Models from Single RGB Imagescited by 651
- 2021UNISURF: Unifying Neural Implicit Surfaces and Radiance Fields for Multi-View Reconstructioncited by 646
- 2022Score Jacobian Chaining: Lifting Pretrained 2D Diffusion Models for 3D Generationcited by 597
- 20163D-R2N2: A Unified Approach for Single and Multi-view 3D Object Reconstructioncited by 588
- 2018DensePose: Dense Human Pose Estimation In The Wildcited by 575
- 2020PIFuHD: Multi-Level Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution 3D Human Digitizationcited by 521
- 2021Zero-Shot Text-Guided Object Generation with Dream Fieldscited by 513
- 2022Latent-NeRF for Shape-Guided Generation of 3D Shapes and Texturescited by 506
- 2022HumanNeRF: Free-viewpoint Rendering of Moving People from Monocular Videocited by 483
- 2021Deep Marching Tetrahedra: a Hybrid Representation for High-Resolution 3D Shape Synthesiscited by 460
- 2021Neural Geometric Level of Detail: Real-time Rendering with Implicit 3D Shapescited by 426
- 2023Shap-E: Generating Conditional 3D Implicit Functionscited by 385
- 2023Instant3D: Fast Text-to-3D with Sparse-View Generation and Large Reconstruction Modelcited by 378
- 2021CLIP-NeRF: Text-and-Image Driven Manipulation of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 370
- 2021PARE: Part Attention Regressor for 3D Human Body Estimationcited by 337
- 2021Text2Mesh: Text-Driven Neural Stylization for Meshescited by 334
- 2020HybrIK: A Hybrid Analytical-Neural Inverse Kinematics Solution for 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 307
- 2023TEXTure: Text-Guided Texturing of 3D Shapescited by 304
- 2023Text-to-3D using Gaussian Splattingcited by 299
- 2022SDFusion: Multimodal 3D Shape Completion, Reconstruction, and Generationcited by 288
- 2022CLIP-Mesh: Generating textured meshes from text using pretrained image-text modelscited by 281
- 2018Toward Characteristic-Preserving Image-based Virtual Try-On Networkcited by 192
- 20233DGen: Triplane Latent Diffusion for Textured Mesh Generationcited by 183
- 2023Single-Stage Diffusion NeRF: A Unified Approach to 3D Generation and Reconstructioncited by 180
50 most cited of 80 All 80 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 48; 2025: 32; 2026: 8.
89 papers.
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- 2024A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 224
- 2024VD3D: Taming Large Video Diffusion Transformers for 3D Camera Controlcited by 156
- 2024Recent Advances in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 131
- 2024GALA3D: Towards Text-to-3D Complex Scene Generation via Layout-guided Generative Gaussian Splattingcited by 109
- 2025Cosmos-Transfer1: Conditional World Generation with Adaptive Multimodal Controlcited by 106
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- 2024Semantic Gaussians: Open-Vocabulary Scene Understanding with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 82
- 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 78
- 2024TC4D: Trajectory-Conditioned Text-to-4D Generationcited by 77
- 2024End-to-End Rate-Distortion Optimized 3D Gaussian Representationcited by 75
- 2024R2-Gaussian: Rectifying Radiative Gaussian Splatting for Tomographic Reconstructioncited by 67
- 2024Advances in 3D Generation: A Surveycited by 63
38 more
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- 2025Lyra: Generative 3D Scene Reconstruction via Video Diffusion Model Self-Distillationcited by 41
- 2024HeadStudio: Text to Animatable Head Avatars with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 35
- 2024HDR-GS: Efficient High Dynamic Range Novel View Synthesis at 1000x Speed via Gaussian Splattingcited by 35
- 2024SplatFlow: Multi-View Rectified Flow Model for 3D Gaussian Splatting Synthesiscited by 34
- 2023Disentangled Clothed Avatar Generation from Text Descriptionscited by 33
- 2025CityGS-X: A Scalable Architecture for Efficient and Geometrically Accurate Large-Scale Scene Reconstructioncited by 26
- 2024LM-Gaussian: Boost Sparse-view 3D Gaussian Splatting with Large Model Priorscited by 25
- 2024AvatarGO: Zero-shot 4D Human-Object Interaction Generation and Animationcited by 25
- 2024MagicMan: Generative Novel View Synthesis of Humans with 3D-Aware Diffusion and Iterative Refinementcited by 24
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- 2024GPS-Gaussian+: Generalizable Pixel-wise 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Human-Scene Rendering from Sparse Viewscited by 22
- 2024BrightDreamer: Generic 3D Gaussian Generative Framework for Fast Text-to-3D Synthesiscited by 20
- 2025A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Applications: Segmentation, Editing, and Generationcited by 19
- 2024Compositional 3D-aware Video Generation with LLM Directorcited by 18
- 2025Compositional Generative Model of Unbounded 4D Citiescited by 17
- 2026Faster-GS: Analyzing and Improving Gaussian Splatting Optimizationcited by 17
- 2024DreamCar: Leveraging Car-specific Prior for in-the-wild 3D Car Reconstructioncited by 16
- 2024GauU-Scene: A Scene Reconstruction Benchmark on Large Scale 3D Reconstruction Dataset Using Gaussian Splattingcited by 15
- 2024Portrait3D: Text-Guided High-Quality 3D Portrait Generation Using Pyramid Representation and GANs Priorcited by 15
- 2024HDRSplat: Gaussian Splatting for High Dynamic Range 3D Scene Reconstruction from Raw Imagescited by 15
- 2025Simulating the Real World: A Unified Survey of Multimodal Generative Modelscited by 15
- 2024Instant 3D Human Avatar Generation using Image Diffusion Modelscited by 14
- 2025VideoRFSplat: Direct Scene-Level Text-to-3D Gaussian Splatting Generation with Flexible Pose and Multi-View Joint Modelingcited by 14
- 2024A Survey on 3D Human Avatar Modeling -- From Reconstruction to Generationcited by 13
- 2024STAR: Skeleton-aware Text-based 4D Avatar Generation with In-Network Motion Retargetingcited by 13
- 2024Envision3D: One Image to 3D with Anchor Views Interpolationcited by 12
- 2024Reference-based Controllable Scene Stylization with Gaussian Splattingcited by 12
- 2024DreamWaltz-G: Expressive 3D Gaussian Avatars from Skeleton-Guided 2D Diffusioncited by 12
- 2025WeatherEdit: Controllable Weather Editing with 4D Gaussian Fieldcited by 12
- 2025UP2You: Fast Reconstruction of Yourself from Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 10
- 2024ClotheDreamer: Text-Guided Garment Generation with 3D Gaussianscited by 9
- 2025HumanRAM: Feed-forward Human Reconstruction and Animation Model using Transformerscited by 9
- 2024UVMap-ID: A Controllable and Personalized UV Map Generative Modelcited by 7
50 most cited of 89 All 89 (JSON)
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- 2026JacobianAvatar: Temporally Consistent Semi-rigid Avatar Reconstruction from a Monocular Video30 Jun 2026
- 2026Denoising-GS: Gaussian Splatting with Spatial-aware Denoising14 May 2026
- 2026Lyra 2.0: Explorable Generative 3D Worlds14 Apr 2026
- 2026Rendering Multi-Human and Multi-Object with 3D Gaussian Splatting3 Apr 2026
- 2026InstantHDR: Single-forward Gaussian Splatting Initialization for HDR 3D Reconstruction11 Mar 2026
- 2026Faster-GS: Analyzing and Improving Gaussian Splatting Optimization10 Feb 2026
- 2026Dynamic Worlds, Dynamic Humans: Generating Virtual Human-Scene Interaction Motion in Dynamic Scenes27 Jan 2026
- 2025FastAnimate: Towards Learnable Template Construction and Pose Deformation for Fast 3D Human Avatar Animation1 Dec 2025
- 2025Target-Balanced Score Distillation12 Nov 2025
- 2025Object-Aware 4D Human Motion Generation31 Oct 2025
- 2025InfiniHuman: Infinite 3D Human Creation with Precise Control13 Oct 2025
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- 2025LangSplatV2: High-dimensional 3D Language Gaussian Splatting with 450+ FPS9 Jul 2025
- 2025Hybrid Mesh-Gaussian Representation for Efficient Indoor Scene Reconstruction8 Jun 2025
- 2025SmartAvatar: Text- and Image-Guided Human Avatar Generation with VLM AI Agents5 Jun 2025
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- 2025WeatherEdit: Controllable Weather Editing with 4D Gaussian Field26 May 2025
- 2025Interspatial Attention for Efficient 4D Human Video Generation21 May 2025
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- 2025Text-based Animatable 3D Avatars with Morphable Model Alignment22 Apr 2025
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- 2025A Text-to-3D Framework for Joint Generation of CG-Ready Humans and Compatible Garments15 Mar 2025
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- 2025Compositional Generative Model of Unbounded 4D Cities15 Jan 2025
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- 2024Make-It-Animatable: An Efficient Framework for Authoring Animation-Ready 3D Characters27 Nov 2024
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- 2024GPS-Gaussian+: Generalizable Pixel-wise 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Human-Scene Rendering from Sparse Views18 Nov 2024
- 2024DiHuR: Diffusion-Guided Generalizable Human Reconstruction16 Nov 2024
- 2024FreeGaussian: Annotation-free Control of Articulated Objects via 3D Gaussian Splats with Flow Derivatives29 Oct 2024
- 2024DaRePlane: Direction-aware Representations for Dynamic Scene Reconstruction18 Oct 2024
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- 2024Instant 3D Human Avatar Generation using Image Diffusion Modelscited by 14
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- 2024Envision3D: One Image to 3D with Anchor Views Interpolationcited by 12
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- 2025Target-Balanced Score Distillation12 Nov 2025
- 2025Object-Aware 4D Human Motion Generation31 Oct 2025
- 2025Lyra: Generative 3D Scene Reconstruction via Video Diffusion Model Self-Distillation23 Sep 2025
- 2025HuGeDiff: 3D Human Generation via Diffusion with Gaussian Splatting4 Jun 2025
- 2025Interspatial Attention for Efficient 4D Human Video Generation21 May 2025
- 2025Text-based Animatable 3D Avatars with Morphable Model Alignment22 Apr 2025
- 2024SplatFlow: Multi-View Rectified Flow Model for 3D Gaussian Splatting Synthesis25 Nov 2024
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- 2024AvatarGO: Zero-shot 4D Human-Object Interaction Generation and Animation9 Oct 2024
- 2024DreamWaltz-G: Expressive 3D Gaussian Avatars from Skeleton-Guided 2D Diffusion25 Sep 2024
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12 newest of 22 All 22 (JSON)
- 2024A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 224
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- 2024Advances in 3D Generation: A Surveycited by 63
- 2024Wild-GS: Real-Time Novel View Synthesis from Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 56
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12 most cited of 66 All 66 (JSON)
- 2026T3HG-Editor: Text-driven 3D Human Garment Editing with Body Priors Embedded in SMPL-X15 Jul 2026
- 2026JacobianAvatar: Temporally Consistent Semi-rigid Avatar Reconstruction from a Monocular Video30 Jun 2026
- 2026Denoising-GS: Gaussian Splatting with Spatial-aware Denoising14 May 2026
- 2026Lyra 2.0: Explorable Generative 3D Worlds14 Apr 2026
- 2026Rendering Multi-Human and Multi-Object with 3D Gaussian Splatting3 Apr 2026
- 2026InstantHDR: Single-forward Gaussian Splatting Initialization for HDR 3D Reconstruction11 Mar 2026
- 2026Faster-GS: Analyzing and Improving Gaussian Splatting Optimization10 Feb 2026
- 2026Dynamic Worlds, Dynamic Humans: Generating Virtual Human-Scene Interaction Motion in Dynamic Scenes27 Jan 2026
- 2025FastAnimate: Towards Learnable Template Construction and Pose Deformation for Fast 3D Human Avatar Animation1 Dec 2025
- 2025InfiniHuman: Infinite 3D Human Creation with Precise Control13 Oct 2025
- 2025AvatarVTON: 4D Virtual Try-On for Animatable Avatars6 Oct 2025
- 2025UP2You: Fast Reconstruction of Yourself from Unconstrained Photo Collections29 Sep 2025
12 newest of 66 All 66 (JSON)