mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DreamWaltz-G: Expressive 3D Gaussian Avatars from Skeleton-Guided 2D Diffusion

arXiv 2409.17145 ↗First posted 25 Sep 2024cs.CV cs.GR cs.LGcited by 12

On the map: Diffusion models → 3D, point cloud and scene generation

Abstract (arXiv)

Leveraging pretrained 2D diffusion models and score distillation sampling (SDS), recent methods have shown promising results for text-to-3D avatar generation. However, generating high-quality 3D avatars capable of expressive animation remains challenging. In this work, we present DreamWaltz-G, a novel learning framework for animatable 3D avatar generation from text. The core of this framework lies in Skeleton-guided Score Distillation and Hybrid 3D Gaussian Avatar representation. Specifically, the proposed skeleton-guided score distillation integrates skeleton controls from 3D human templates into 2D diffusion models, enhancing the consistency of SDS supervision in terms of view and human pose. This facilitates the generation of high-quality avatars, mitigating issues such as multiple faces, extra limbs, and blurring. The proposed hybrid 3D Gaussian avatar representation builds on the efficient 3D Gaussians, combining neural implicit fields and parameterized 3D meshes to enable real-time rendering, stable SDS optimization, and expressive animation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that DreamWaltz-G is highly effective in generating and animating 3D avatars, outperforming existing methods in both visual quality and animation expressiveness. Our framework further supports diverse applications, including human video reenactment and multi-subject scene composition.

Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in 3D, point cloud and scene generation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 71 of its 83 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Sep 2024.

Builds on

71 of 83 references.

Closest ancestors · 12

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Text-to-3D with Classifier Score Distillation30 Oct
  2. 2023HyperHuman: Hyper-Realistic Human Generation with Latent Structural Diffusion12 Oct
  3. 2023HumanNorm: Learning Normal Diffusion Model for High-quality and Realistic 3D Human Generation2 Oct
  4. 2023DreamTime: An Improved Optimization Strategy for Diffusion-Guided 3D Generation21 Jun
  5. 2023HiFA: High-fidelity Text-to-3D Generation with Advanced Diffusion Guidance30 May
  6. 2023ProlificDreamer: High-Fidelity and Diverse Text-to-3D Generation with Variational Score Distillation25 May
  7. 2023HumanSD: A Native Skeleton-Guided Diffusion Model for Human Image Generation9 Apr
  8. 2023DreamAvatar: Text-and-Shape Guided 3D Human Avatar Generation via Diffusion Models3 Apr
  9. 2023Fantasia3D: Disentangling Geometry and Appearance for High-quality Text-to-3D Content Creation24 Mar
  10. 2022Score Jacobian Chaining: Lifting Pretrained 2D Diffusion Models for 3D Generation1 Dec
  11. 2022Magic3D: High-Resolution Text-to-3D Content Creation18 Nov
  12. 2022DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusion29 Sep

Other references · 59

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  4. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
  5. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  6. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
  7. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
  8. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
  9. 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 5,931
  10. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,466
  11. 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,290
  12. 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,131
38 more
  1. 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,094
  2. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
  3. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
  4. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,595
  5. 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,013
  6. 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,701
  7. 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,600
  8. 2022Objaverse: A Universe of Annotated 3D Objectscited by 1,522
  9. 2021Conceptual 12M: Pushing Web-Scale Image-Text Pre-Training To Recognize Long-Tail Visual Conceptscited by 1,209
  10. 2019AMASS: Archive of Motion Capture as Surface Shapescited by 1,208
  11. 2023DreamGaussian: Generative Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Content Creationcited by 837
  12. 2019PIFu: Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution Clothed Human Digitizationcited by 818
  13. 2023Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Monocular Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 753
  14. 2023SuGaR: Surface-Aligned Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Mesh Reconstruction and High-Quality Mesh Renderingcited by 611
  15. 2018DensePose: Dense Human Pose Estimation In The Wildcited by 573
  16. 2021Zero-Shot Text-Guided Object Generation with Dream Fieldscited by 513
  17. 2022Latent-NeRF for Shape-Guided Generation of 3D Shapes and Texturescited by 506
  18. 2022HumanNeRF: Free-viewpoint Rendering of Moving People from Monocular Videocited by 483
  19. 2021Deep Marching Tetrahedra: a Hybrid Representation for High-Resolution 3D Shape Synthesiscited by 459
  20. 2023Composer: Creative and Controllable Image Synthesis with Composable Conditionscited by 303
  21. 2023LucidDreamer: Towards High-Fidelity Text-to-3D Generation via Interval Score Matchingcited by 290
  22. 2021ICON: Implicit Clothed humans Obtained from Normalscited by 283
  23. 2022CLIP-Mesh: Generating textured meshes from text using pretrained image-text modelscited by 281
  24. 2022NeuMan: Neural Human Radiance Field from a Single Videocited by 244
  25. 2023Motion-X: A Large-scale 3D Expressive Whole-body Human Motion Datasetcited by 220
  26. 2022ECON: Explicit Clothed humans Optimized via Normal integrationcited by 199
  27. 20233DGS-Avatar: Animatable Avatars via Deformable 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 195
  28. 2023GaussianAvatar: Towards Realistic Human Avatar Modeling from a Single Video via Animatable 3D Gaussianscited by 190
  29. 2022Generating Holistic 3D Human Motion from Speechcited by 180
  30. 2023Drivable 3D Gaussian Avatarscited by 120
  31. 2023TADA! Text to Animatable Digital Avatarscited by 109
  32. 2021imGHUM: Implicit Generative Models of 3D Human Shape and Articulated Posecited by 102
  33. 2023DreamHuman: Animatable 3D Avatars from Textcited by 102
  34. 2023Noise-Free Score Distillationcited by 99
  35. 2023HumanGaussian: Text-Driven 3D Human Generation with Gaussian Splattingcited by 89
  36. 2024Expressive Whole-Body 3D Gaussian Avatarcited by 89
  37. 2023MonoHuman: Animatable Human Neural Field from Monocular Videocited by 85
  38. 2023AvatarCraft: Transforming Text into Neural Human Avatars with Parameterized Shape and Pose Controlcited by 84

50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 6; 2026: 3.

12 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025GaussianMotion: End-to-End Learning of Animatable Gaussian Avatars with Pose Guidance from Text
  2. 2023AvatarStudio: High-fidelity and Animatable 3D Avatar Creation from Text
  3. 2025AdaHuman: Animatable Detailed 3D Human Generation with Compositional Multiview Diffusion
  4. 2024E3Gen: Efficient, Expressive and Editable Avatars Generation
  5. 2023Guide3D: Create 3D Avatars from Text and Image Guidance
  6. 2024Instant 3D Human Avatar Generation using Image Diffusion Models
  7. 2025Text-based Animatable 3D Avatars with Morphable Model Alignment
  8. 2024STAR: Skeleton-aware Text-based 4D Avatar Generation with In-Network Motion Retargeting