mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

BEAT: A Large-Scale Semantic and Emotional Multi-Modal Dataset for Conversational Gestures Synthesis

arXiv 2203.05297 ↗First posted 10 Mar 2022cs.CV cs.CL cs.GRcited by 178

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Cited by 31 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

Achieving realistic, vivid, and human-like synthesized conversational gestures conditioned on multi-modal data is still an unsolved problem due to the lack of available datasets, models and standard evaluation metrics. To address this, we build Body-Expression-Audio-Text dataset, BEAT, which has i) 76 hours, high-quality, multi-modal data captured from 30 speakers talking with eight different emotions and in four different languages, ii) 32 millions frame-level emotion and semantic relevance annotations. Our statistical analysis on BEAT demonstrates the correlation of conversational gestures with facial expressions, emotions, and semantics, in addition to the known correlation with audio, text, and speaker identity. Based on this observation, we propose a baseline model, Cascaded Motion Network (CaMN), which consists of above six modalities modeled in a cascaded architecture for gesture synthesis. To evaluate the semantic relevancy, we introduce a metric, Semantic Relevance Gesture Recall (SRGR). Qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate metrics' validness, ground truth data quality, and baseline's state-of-the-art performance. To the best of our knowledge, BEAT is the largest motion capture dataset for investigating human gestures, which may contribute to a number of different research fields, including controllable gesture synthesis, cross-modality analysis, and emotional gesture recognition. The data, code and model are available on https://pantomatrix.github.io/BEAT/.

Key facts. Cited by 178 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Mar 2022.

Builds on

28 of 58 references.

References · 28

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
  3. 2017Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Datasetcited by 3,270
  4. 2017The Kinetics Human Action Video Datasetcited by 1,909
  5. 2016Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Informationcited by 1,583
  6. 2018An Empirical Evaluation of Generic Convolutional and Recurrent Networks for Sequence Modelingcited by 1,476
  7. 2018OpenPose: Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation using Part Affinity Fieldscited by 1,162
  8. 2021AI Choreographer: Music Conditioned 3D Dance Generation with AIST++cited by 485
  9. 20183D human pose estimation in video with temporal convolutions and semi-supervised trainingcited by 403
  10. 2021BABEL: Bodies, Action and Behavior with English Labelscited by 265
  11. 2019Capture, Learning, and Synthesis of 3D Speaking Stylescited by 259
  12. 2020Speech Gesture Generation from the Trimodal Context of Text, Audio, and Speaker Identitycited by 202
16 more
  1. 2019Learning Individual Styles of Conversational Gesturecited by 191
  2. 2021MeshTalk: 3D Face Animation from Speech using Cross-Modality Disentanglementcited by 190
  3. 2019The VIA Annotation Software for Images, Audio and Videocited by 167
  4. 2016An End-to-End Spatio-Temporal Attention Model for Human Action Recognition from Skeleton Datacited by 126
  5. 2018Robots Learn Social Skills: End-to-End Learning of Co-Speech Gesture Generation for Humanoid Robotscited by 110
  6. 2021Audio2Gestures: Generating Diverse Gestures from Speech Audio with Conditional Variational Autoencoderscited by 109
  7. 2021Text2Gestures: A Transformer-Based Network for Generating Emotive Body Gestures for Virtual Agentscited by 106
  8. 2021Learning Speech-driven 3D Conversational Gestures from Videocited by 98
  9. 2020Gesticulator: A framework for semantically-aware speech-driven gesture generationcited by 84
  10. 2020Style Transfer for Co-Speech Gesture Animation: A Multi-Speaker Conditional-Mixture Approachcited by 65
  11. 2021Speech2AffectiveGestures: Synthesizing Co-Speech Gestures with Generative Adversarial Affective Expression Learningcited by 58
  12. 2020Body2Hands: Learning to Infer 3D Hands from Conversational Gesture Body Dynamicscited by 34
  13. 2020Moving fast and slow: Analysis of representations and post-processing in speech-driven automatic gesture generationcited by 20
  14. 2021Generating coherent spontaneous speech and gesture from textcited by 12
  15. 2021A Multi-viewpoint Outdoor Dataset for Human Action Recognitioncited by 11
  16. 2021Towards Automatic Speech to Sign Language Generationcited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 38; 2024: 44; 2025: 51; 2026: 43.

178 papers.

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  1. 2023Effective Whole-body Pose Estimation with Two-stages Distillationcited by 311
  2. 2023Video Understanding with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 206
  3. 2022Listen, Denoise, Action! Audio-Driven Motion Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 190
  4. 2023GestureDiffuCLIP: Gesture Diffusion Model with CLIP Latentscited by 158
  5. 2023Taming Diffusion Models for Audio-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 129
  6. 2023EMAGE: Towards Unified Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation via Expressive Masked Audio Gesture Modelingcited by 105
  7. 2023HumanTOMATO: Text-aligned Whole-body Motion Generationcited by 104
  8. 2023Human Motion Generation: A Surveycited by 96
  9. 2024Deep Multimodal Learning with Missing Modality: A Surveycited by 92
  10. 2024From Audio to Photoreal Embodiment: Synthesizing Humans in Conversationscited by 82
  11. 2023FaceDiffuser: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Diffusioncited by 78
  12. 2023A Comprehensive Review of Data-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 66
38 more
  1. 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generationcited by 65
  2. 2024DiffSHEG: A Diffusion-Based Approach for Real-Time Speech-driven Holistic 3D Expression and Gesture Generationcited by 62
  3. 2023OMG: Towards Open-vocabulary Motion Generation via Mixture of Controllerscited by 47
  4. 2024MambaTalk: Efficient Holistic Gesture Synthesis with Selective State Space Modelscited by 46
  5. 2024The Language of Motion: Unifying Verbal and Non-verbal Language of 3D Human Motioncited by 46
  6. 2025GestureLSM: Latent Shortcut based Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Spatial-Temporal Modelingcited by 44
  7. 2024ConvoFusion: Multi-Modal Conversational Diffusion for Co-Speech Gesture Synthesiscited by 41
  8. 2023QPGesture: Quantization-Based and Phase-Guided Motion Matching for Natural Speech-Driven Gesture Generationcited by 40
  9. 2023EmotionGesture: Audio-Driven Diverse Emotional Co-Speech 3D Gesture Generationcited by 40
  10. 2023LivelySpeaker: Towards Semantic-Aware Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 40
  11. 2023Emotional Speech-driven 3D Body Animation via Disentangled Latent Diffusioncited by 39
  12. 2024Media2Face: Co-speech Facial Animation Generation With Multi-Modality Guidancecited by 39
  13. 2024Co-Speech Gesture Video Generation via Motion-Decoupled Diffusion Modelcited by 35
  14. 2024Enabling Synergistic Full-Body Control in Prompt-Based Co-Speech Motion Generationcited by 35
  15. 2024GigaHands: A Massive Annotated Dataset of Bimanual Hand Activitiescited by 33
  16. 2024TANGO: Co-Speech Gesture Video Reenactment with Hierarchical Audio Motion Embedding and Diffusion Interpolationcited by 32
  17. 2024SemTalk: Holistic Co-speech Motion Generation with Frame-level Semantic Emphasiscited by 32
  18. 2024UniTalker: Scaling up Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation through A Unified Modelcited by 30
  19. 2023Evaluating gesture generation in a large-scale open challenge: The GENEA Challenge 2022cited by 29
  20. 2024Towards Variable and Coordinated Holistic Co-Speech Motion Generationcited by 29
  21. 2023The GENEA Challenge 2023: A large scale evaluation of gesture generation models in monadic and dyadic settingscited by 28
  22. 2024MotionCraft: Crafting Whole-Body Motion with Plug-and-Play Multimodal Controlscited by 26
  23. 2024Retrieving Semantics from the Deep: an RAG Solution for Gesture Synthesiscited by 26
  24. 2023DREAM-Talk: Diffusion-based Realistic Emotional Audio-driven Method for Single Image Talking Face Generationcited by 25
  25. 2023BodyFormer: Semantics-guided 3D Body Gesture Synthesis with Transformercited by 21
  26. 2023MotionScript: Natural Language Descriptions for Expressive 3D Human Motionscited by 21
  27. 2025ChainHOI: Joint-based Kinematic Chain Modeling for Human-Object Interaction Generationcited by 20
  28. 2024DisCoRD: Discrete Tokens to Continuous Motion via Rectified Flow Decodingcited by 19
  29. 2025Embody 3D: A Large-scale Multimodal Motion and Behavior Datasetcited by 19
  30. 2023Diverse 3D Hand Gesture Prediction from Body Dynamics by Bilateral Hand Disentanglementcited by 18
  31. 2024Freetalker: Controllable Speech and Text-Driven Gesture Generation Based on Diffusion Models for Enhanced Speaker Naturalnesscited by 18
  32. 2024SOLAMI: Social Vision-Language-Action Modeling for Immersive Interaction with 3D Autonomous Characterscited by 18
  33. 2023Weakly-Supervised Emotion Transition Learning for Diverse 3D Co-speech Gesture Generationcited by 17
  34. 2025EchoMask: Speech-Queried Attention-based Mask Modeling for Holistic Co-Speech Motion Generationcited by 17
  35. 2025SemGes: Semantics-aware Co-Speech Gesture Generation using Semantic Coherence and Relevance Learningcited by 17
  36. 2023DiffusionTalker: Personalization and Acceleration for Speech-Driven 3D Face Diffusercited by 16
  37. 2023EMoG: Synthesizing Emotive Co-speech 3D Gesture with Diffusion Modelcited by 15
  38. 2023UnifiedGesture: A Unified Gesture Synthesis Model for Multiple Skeletonscited by 15

50 most cited of 178 All 178 (JSON)