BEAT: A Large-Scale Semantic and Emotional Multi-Modal Dataset for Conversational Gestures Synthesis
Not on the map. Why?
Cited by 31 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.
Abstract (arXiv)
Achieving realistic, vivid, and human-like synthesized conversational gestures conditioned on multi-modal data is still an unsolved problem due to the lack of available datasets, models and standard evaluation metrics. To address this, we build Body-Expression-Audio-Text dataset, BEAT, which has i) 76 hours, high-quality, multi-modal data captured from 30 speakers talking with eight different emotions and in four different languages, ii) 32 millions frame-level emotion and semantic relevance annotations. Our statistical analysis on BEAT demonstrates the correlation of conversational gestures with facial expressions, emotions, and semantics, in addition to the known correlation with audio, text, and speaker identity. Based on this observation, we propose a baseline model, Cascaded Motion Network (CaMN), which consists of above six modalities modeled in a cascaded architecture for gesture synthesis. To evaluate the semantic relevancy, we introduce a metric, Semantic Relevance Gesture Recall (SRGR). Qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate metrics' validness, ground truth data quality, and baseline's state-of-the-art performance. To the best of our knowledge, BEAT is the largest motion capture dataset for investigating human gestures, which may contribute to a number of different research fields, including controllable gesture synthesis, cross-modality analysis, and emotional gesture recognition. The data, code and model are available on https://pantomatrix.github.io/BEAT/.
Key facts. Cited by 178 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Mar 2022.
Builds on
28 of 58 references.
References · 28
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
- 2017Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Datasetcited by 3,270
- 2017The Kinetics Human Action Video Datasetcited by 1,909
- 2016Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Informationcited by 1,583
- 2018An Empirical Evaluation of Generic Convolutional and Recurrent Networks for Sequence Modelingcited by 1,476
- 2018OpenPose: Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation using Part Affinity Fieldscited by 1,162
- 2021AI Choreographer: Music Conditioned 3D Dance Generation with AIST++cited by 485
- 20183D human pose estimation in video with temporal convolutions and semi-supervised trainingcited by 403
- 2021BABEL: Bodies, Action and Behavior with English Labelscited by 265
- 2019Capture, Learning, and Synthesis of 3D Speaking Stylescited by 259
- 2020Speech Gesture Generation from the Trimodal Context of Text, Audio, and Speaker Identitycited by 202
16 more
- 2019Learning Individual Styles of Conversational Gesturecited by 191
- 2021MeshTalk: 3D Face Animation from Speech using Cross-Modality Disentanglementcited by 190
- 2019The VIA Annotation Software for Images, Audio and Videocited by 167
- 2016An End-to-End Spatio-Temporal Attention Model for Human Action Recognition from Skeleton Datacited by 126
- 2018Robots Learn Social Skills: End-to-End Learning of Co-Speech Gesture Generation for Humanoid Robotscited by 110
- 2021Audio2Gestures: Generating Diverse Gestures from Speech Audio with Conditional Variational Autoencoderscited by 109
- 2021Text2Gestures: A Transformer-Based Network for Generating Emotive Body Gestures for Virtual Agentscited by 106
- 2021Learning Speech-driven 3D Conversational Gestures from Videocited by 98
- 2020Gesticulator: A framework for semantically-aware speech-driven gesture generationcited by 84
- 2020Style Transfer for Co-Speech Gesture Animation: A Multi-Speaker Conditional-Mixture Approachcited by 65
- 2021Speech2AffectiveGestures: Synthesizing Co-Speech Gestures with Generative Adversarial Affective Expression Learningcited by 58
- 2020Body2Hands: Learning to Infer 3D Hands from Conversational Gesture Body Dynamicscited by 34
- 2020Moving fast and slow: Analysis of representations and post-processing in speech-driven automatic gesture generationcited by 20
- 2021Generating coherent spontaneous speech and gesture from textcited by 12
- 2021A Multi-viewpoint Outdoor Dataset for Human Action Recognitioncited by 11
- 2021Towards Automatic Speech to Sign Language Generationcited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 38; 2024: 44; 2025: 51; 2026: 43.
178 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023Effective Whole-body Pose Estimation with Two-stages Distillationcited by 311
- 2023Video Understanding with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 206
- 2022Listen, Denoise, Action! Audio-Driven Motion Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 190
- 2023GestureDiffuCLIP: Gesture Diffusion Model with CLIP Latentscited by 158
- 2023Taming Diffusion Models for Audio-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 129
- 2023EMAGE: Towards Unified Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation via Expressive Masked Audio Gesture Modelingcited by 105
- 2023HumanTOMATO: Text-aligned Whole-body Motion Generationcited by 104
- 2023Human Motion Generation: A Surveycited by 96
- 2024Deep Multimodal Learning with Missing Modality: A Surveycited by 92
- 2024From Audio to Photoreal Embodiment: Synthesizing Humans in Conversationscited by 82
- 2023FaceDiffuser: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Diffusioncited by 78
- 2023A Comprehensive Review of Data-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 66
38 more
- 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generationcited by 65
- 2024DiffSHEG: A Diffusion-Based Approach for Real-Time Speech-driven Holistic 3D Expression and Gesture Generationcited by 62
- 2023OMG: Towards Open-vocabulary Motion Generation via Mixture of Controllerscited by 47
- 2024MambaTalk: Efficient Holistic Gesture Synthesis with Selective State Space Modelscited by 46
- 2024The Language of Motion: Unifying Verbal and Non-verbal Language of 3D Human Motioncited by 46
- 2025GestureLSM: Latent Shortcut based Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Spatial-Temporal Modelingcited by 44
- 2024ConvoFusion: Multi-Modal Conversational Diffusion for Co-Speech Gesture Synthesiscited by 41
- 2023QPGesture: Quantization-Based and Phase-Guided Motion Matching for Natural Speech-Driven Gesture Generationcited by 40
- 2023EmotionGesture: Audio-Driven Diverse Emotional Co-Speech 3D Gesture Generationcited by 40
- 2023LivelySpeaker: Towards Semantic-Aware Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 40
- 2023Emotional Speech-driven 3D Body Animation via Disentangled Latent Diffusioncited by 39
- 2024Media2Face: Co-speech Facial Animation Generation With Multi-Modality Guidancecited by 39
- 2024Co-Speech Gesture Video Generation via Motion-Decoupled Diffusion Modelcited by 35
- 2024Enabling Synergistic Full-Body Control in Prompt-Based Co-Speech Motion Generationcited by 35
- 2024GigaHands: A Massive Annotated Dataset of Bimanual Hand Activitiescited by 33
- 2024TANGO: Co-Speech Gesture Video Reenactment with Hierarchical Audio Motion Embedding and Diffusion Interpolationcited by 32
- 2024SemTalk: Holistic Co-speech Motion Generation with Frame-level Semantic Emphasiscited by 32
- 2024UniTalker: Scaling up Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation through A Unified Modelcited by 30
- 2023Evaluating gesture generation in a large-scale open challenge: The GENEA Challenge 2022cited by 29
- 2024Towards Variable and Coordinated Holistic Co-Speech Motion Generationcited by 29
- 2023The GENEA Challenge 2023: A large scale evaluation of gesture generation models in monadic and dyadic settingscited by 28
- 2024MotionCraft: Crafting Whole-Body Motion with Plug-and-Play Multimodal Controlscited by 26
- 2024Retrieving Semantics from the Deep: an RAG Solution for Gesture Synthesiscited by 26
- 2023DREAM-Talk: Diffusion-based Realistic Emotional Audio-driven Method for Single Image Talking Face Generationcited by 25
- 2023BodyFormer: Semantics-guided 3D Body Gesture Synthesis with Transformercited by 21
- 2023MotionScript: Natural Language Descriptions for Expressive 3D Human Motionscited by 21
- 2025ChainHOI: Joint-based Kinematic Chain Modeling for Human-Object Interaction Generationcited by 20
- 2024DisCoRD: Discrete Tokens to Continuous Motion via Rectified Flow Decodingcited by 19
- 2025Embody 3D: A Large-scale Multimodal Motion and Behavior Datasetcited by 19
- 2023Diverse 3D Hand Gesture Prediction from Body Dynamics by Bilateral Hand Disentanglementcited by 18
- 2024Freetalker: Controllable Speech and Text-Driven Gesture Generation Based on Diffusion Models for Enhanced Speaker Naturalnesscited by 18
- 2024SOLAMI: Social Vision-Language-Action Modeling for Immersive Interaction with 3D Autonomous Characterscited by 18
- 2023Weakly-Supervised Emotion Transition Learning for Diverse 3D Co-speech Gesture Generationcited by 17
- 2025EchoMask: Speech-Queried Attention-based Mask Modeling for Holistic Co-Speech Motion Generationcited by 17
- 2025SemGes: Semantics-aware Co-Speech Gesture Generation using Semantic Coherence and Relevance Learningcited by 17
- 2023DiffusionTalker: Personalization and Acceleration for Speech-Driven 3D Face Diffusercited by 16
- 2023EMoG: Synthesizing Emotive Co-speech 3D Gesture with Diffusion Modelcited by 15
- 2023UnifiedGesture: A Unified Gesture Synthesis Model for Multiple Skeletonscited by 15
50 most cited of 178 All 178 (JSON)
- 2026CurveCodec 2: Skeleton-agnostic animation compression with a learned entropy model3 Oct 2026
- 2026ECHO-G: Embodied Co-speech Humanoid mOtion Generation30 Sep 2026
- 2026GestAdapt: Workspace-Conditioned Co-Speech Gesture Generation for Humanoid Robots29 Sep 2026
- 2026DualTrack: Synchronized speech-gesture generation via symmetric coupling of pretrained priors29 Sep 2026
- 2026SocialHumanoid: Towards Expressive Humanoid Behavior via One-Step Co-Speech Motion Generation27 Sep 2026
- 2026Multi-Modal Controlled Coherent Motion Generation10 Sep 2026
- 2026Orthogonal Ensembles and Tested Explanations for Performer-Independent Body-Motion Emotion Recognition2 Sep 2026
- 2026Puppeteer: Object-Grounded Posture-Aware Co-Speech Gesture Generation31 Aug 2026
- 2026RoboGesture: Real-Time Semantic-aligned Co-Speech Gestures Generation for Humanoid Interaction27 Aug 2026
- 2026HUG-VIS: A Multimodal Benchmark for Human-centered Understanding and Generation in Visual Intelligence27 Aug 2026
- 2026InteractGesture: Progressive Chunk Guidance for Continuous Streaming Co-Speech Gesture Control26 Aug 2026
- 2026StreamTalk: Streaming Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Key-Pose Anchoring3 Aug 2026
38 more
- 2026InterPet4D: A Multimodal 4D Human-Pet Interaction Dataset for Pet Motion Generation11 Jul 2026
- 2026Unlocking Speech-Text Compositional Powers: Instruction-Following Speech Language Models without Instruction Tuning2 Jul 2026
- 2026SICAGE: Speaker-Independent Culture-Aware Gesture Generation using TED4C-L Dataset29 Jun 2026
- 2026Generative Learning as a Tool to Improve Perception of Emotional Body Motion Expressions27 Jun 2026
- 2026PhysDrift: Bridging the Embodiment Gap in Humanoid Co-Speech Motion Generation18 Jun 2026
- 2026XmoPipe: A Pipeline for Large-Scale In-the-Wild Human Motion Dataset Construction17 Jun 2026
- 2026SiGnature: Explicit Motion Diffusion for Stylized Semantic Gesture14 Jun 2026
- 2026DyaPlex: Full-Duplex Speech-Motion Model for Dyadic Interaction2 Jun 2026
- 2026Recognizing Co-Speech Gestures in-the-Wild29 May 2026
- 2026VideoFDB: Evaluating Full-Duplex Vision-Speech Capabilities in Conversational Agents28 May 2026
- 2026EchoAvatar: Real-time Generative Avatar Animation from Audio Streams27 May 2026
- 2026DuoGesture: Motion-Grounded Semantic Conditioning and Biomechanical Beat Priors for Co-Speech Gesture Generation25 May 2026
- 2026SCRIPT: Scalable Diffusion Policy with Multi-stage Training for Language-driven Physics-Based Humanoid Control21 May 2026
- 2026UMo: Unified Sparse Motion Modeling for Real-Time Co-Speech Avatars14 May 2026
- 2026AudioFace: Language-Assisted Speech-Driven Facial Animation with Multimodal Language Models8 May 2026
- 2026PersonaGest: Personalized Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Semantic-Guided Hierarchical Motion Representation8 May 2026
- 2026PersonaGesture: Single-Reference Co-Speech Gesture Personalization for Unseen Speakers7 May 2026
- 2026Efficient Emotion-Aware Iconic Gesture Prediction for Robot Co-Speech13 Apr 2026
- 2026LiveGesture Streamable Co-Speech Gesture Generation Model13 Apr 2026
- 2026PolySLGen: Online Multimodal Speaking-Listening Reaction Generation in Polyadic Interaction9 Apr 2026
- 2026SentiAvatar: Towards Expressive and Interactive Digital Humans3 Apr 2026
- 2026A Synchronized Audio-Visual Multi-View Capture System24 Mar 2026
- 2026MIBURI: Towards Expressive Interactive Gesture Synthesis3 Mar 2026
- 2026U-Mind: A Unified Framework for Real-Time Multimodal Interaction with Audiovisual Generation27 Feb 2026
- 2026DyaDiT: A Multi-Modal Diffusion Transformer for Socially Favorable Dyadic Gesture Generation26 Feb 2026
- 2026SARAH: Spatially Aware Real-time Agentic Humans20 Feb 2026
- 2026ProAct: Harnessing Streaming Motion Generation and Agentic Reasoning for Real-Time Embodied Social Interaction15 Feb 2026
- 20263DXTalker: Unifying Identity, Lip Sync, Emotion, and Spatial Dynamics in Expressive 3D Talking Avatars11 Feb 2026
- 2026AUHead: Realistic Emotional Talking Head Generation via Action Units Control10 Feb 2026
- 2026SmoothSync: Dual-Stream Diffusion Transformers for Jitter-Robust Beat-Synchronized Gesture Generation from Quantized Audio4 Jan 2026
- 2026A Platform for Interactive AI Character Experiences3 Jan 2026
- 2025Evaluation of Generative Models for Emotional 3D Animation Generation in VR18 Dec 2025
- 2025ViBES: A Conversational Agent with Behaviorally-Intelligent 3D Virtual Body16 Dec 2025
- 2025Towards Unified Co-Speech Gesture Generation via Hierarchical Implicit Periodicity Learning15 Dec 2025
- 2025InteracTalker: Prompt-Based Human-Object Interaction with Co-Speech Gesture Generation14 Dec 2025
- 2025A Survey of Body and Face Motion: Datasets, Performance Evaluation Metrics and Generative Techniques9 Dec 2025
- 2025CoordSpeaker: Exploiting Gesture Captioning for Coordinated Caption-Empowered Co-Speech Gesture Generation28 Nov 2025
- 2025Mitigating Error Accumulation in Co-Speech Motion Generation via Global Rotation Diffusion and Multi-Level Constraints13 Nov 2025
50 newest of 178 All 178 (JSON)
- 2022Listen, Denoise, Action! Audio-Driven Motion Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 190
- 2023GestureDiffuCLIP: Gesture Diffusion Model with CLIP Latentscited by 158
- 2023Taming Diffusion Models for Audio-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 129
- 2025GestureLSM: Latent Shortcut based Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Spatial-Temporal Modelingcited by 44
- 2023Emotional Speech-driven 3D Body Animation via Disentangled Latent Diffusioncited by 39
- 2024Co-Speech Gesture Video Generation via Motion-Decoupled Diffusion Modelcited by 35
- 2024DisCoRD: Discrete Tokens to Continuous Motion via Rectified Flow Decodingcited by 19
- 2024Freetalker: Controllable Speech and Text-Driven Gesture Generation Based on Diffusion Models for Enhanced Speaker Naturalnesscited by 18
- 2023DiffusionTalker: Personalization and Acceleration for Speech-Driven 3D Face Diffusercited by 16
- 2023EMoG: Synthesizing Emotive Co-speech 3D Gesture with Diffusion Modelcited by 15
- 2023UnifiedGesture: A Unified Gesture Synthesis Model for Multiple Skeletonscited by 15
- 2023The DiffuseStyleGesture+ entry to the GENEA Challenge 2023cited by 14
12 most cited of 31 All 31 (JSON)
- 2026ECHO-G: Embodied Co-speech Humanoid mOtion Generation30 Sep 2026
- 2026RoboGesture: Real-Time Semantic-aligned Co-Speech Gestures Generation for Humanoid Interaction27 Aug 2026
- 2026SCRIPT: Scalable Diffusion Policy with Multi-stage Training for Language-driven Physics-Based Humanoid Control21 May 2026
- 2026DyaDiT: A Multi-Modal Diffusion Transformer for Socially Favorable Dyadic Gesture Generation26 Feb 2026
- 2026SmoothSync: Dual-Stream Diffusion Transformers for Jitter-Robust Beat-Synchronized Gesture Generation from Quantized Audio4 Jan 2026
- 2025OmniMotion-X: Versatile Multimodal Whole-Body Motion Generation22 Oct 2025
- 2025E-React: Towards Emotionally Controlled Synthesis of Human Reactions8 Aug 2025
- 2025GestureHYDRA: Semantic Co-speech Gesture Synthesis via Hybrid Modality Diffusion Transformer and Cascaded-Synchronized Retrieval-Augmented Generation30 Jul 2025
- 2025AsynFusion: Towards Asynchronous Latent Consistency Models for Decoupled Whole-Body Audio-Driven Avatars21 May 2025
- 2025Video Motion Graphs26 Mar 2025
- 2025DIDiffGes: Decoupled Semi-Implicit Diffusion Models for Real-time Gesture Generation from Speech21 Mar 2025
- 2025EmoDiffusion: Enhancing Emotional 3D Facial Animation with Latent Diffusion Models14 Mar 2025
12 newest of 31 All 31 (JSON)
- 2025Social Agent: Mastering Dyadic Nonverbal Behavior Generation via Conversational LLM Agentscited by 8
- 2025ViBES: A Conversational Agent with Behaviorally-Intelligent 3D Virtual Bodycited by 6
- 2026ProAct: Harnessing Streaming Motion Generation and Agentic Reasoning for Real-Time Embodied Social Interactioncited by 3
- 2026SARAH: Spatially Aware Real-time Agentic Humanscited by 2
- 2026SARAH: Spatially Aware Real-time Agentic Humans20 Feb 2026
- 2026ProAct: Harnessing Streaming Motion Generation and Agentic Reasoning for Real-Time Embodied Social Interaction15 Feb 2026
- 2025ViBES: A Conversational Agent with Behaviorally-Intelligent 3D Virtual Body16 Dec 2025
- 2025Social Agent: Mastering Dyadic Nonverbal Behavior Generation via Conversational LLM Agents6 Oct 2025
- 2024DiM-Gestor: Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Adaptive Layer Normalization Mamba-223 Nov 2024
- 2024DiM-Gesture: Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Adaptive Layer Normalization Mamba-2 framework1 Aug 2024
- 2024MambaTalk: Efficient Holistic Gesture Synthesis with Selective State Space Models14 Mar 2024
- 2023Effective Whole-body Pose Estimation with Two-stages Distillationcited by 311
- 2023Video Understanding with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 206
- 2023EMAGE: Towards Unified Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation via Expressive Masked Audio Gesture Modelingcited by 105
- 2023HumanTOMATO: Text-aligned Whole-body Motion Generationcited by 104
- 2023Human Motion Generation: A Surveycited by 96
- 2024Deep Multimodal Learning with Missing Modality: A Surveycited by 92
- 2024From Audio to Photoreal Embodiment: Synthesizing Humans in Conversationscited by 82
- 2023FaceDiffuser: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Diffusioncited by 78
- 2023A Comprehensive Review of Data-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 66
- 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generationcited by 65
- 2024DiffSHEG: A Diffusion-Based Approach for Real-Time Speech-driven Holistic 3D Expression and Gesture Generationcited by 62
- 2023OMG: Towards Open-vocabulary Motion Generation via Mixture of Controllerscited by 47
12 most cited of 138 All 138 (JSON)
- 2026CurveCodec 2: Skeleton-agnostic animation compression with a learned entropy model3 Oct 2026
- 2026GestAdapt: Workspace-Conditioned Co-Speech Gesture Generation for Humanoid Robots29 Sep 2026
- 2026DualTrack: Synchronized speech-gesture generation via symmetric coupling of pretrained priors29 Sep 2026
- 2026SocialHumanoid: Towards Expressive Humanoid Behavior via One-Step Co-Speech Motion Generation27 Sep 2026
- 2026Multi-Modal Controlled Coherent Motion Generation10 Sep 2026
- 2026Orthogonal Ensembles and Tested Explanations for Performer-Independent Body-Motion Emotion Recognition2 Sep 2026
- 2026Puppeteer: Object-Grounded Posture-Aware Co-Speech Gesture Generation31 Aug 2026
- 2026HUG-VIS: A Multimodal Benchmark for Human-centered Understanding and Generation in Visual Intelligence27 Aug 2026
- 2026InteractGesture: Progressive Chunk Guidance for Continuous Streaming Co-Speech Gesture Control26 Aug 2026
- 2026StreamTalk: Streaming Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Key-Pose Anchoring3 Aug 2026
- 2026InterPet4D: A Multimodal 4D Human-Pet Interaction Dataset for Pet Motion Generation11 Jul 2026
- 2026Unlocking Speech-Text Compositional Powers: Instruction-Following Speech Language Models without Instruction Tuning2 Jul 2026
12 newest of 138 All 138 (JSON)