mlsanityData to 13 Oct 2026

UnifiedGesture: A Unified Gesture Synthesis Model for Multiple Skeletons

arXiv 2309.07051 ↗First posted 13 Sep 2023cs.HC cs.AI cs.MMcited by 15

On the map: Diffusion models → Audio, speech and music

Abstract (arXiv)

The automatic co-speech gesture generation draws much attention in computer animation. Previous works designed network structures on individual datasets, which resulted in a lack of data volume and generalizability across different motion capture standards. In addition, it is a challenging task due to the weak correlation between speech and gestures. To address these problems, we present UnifiedGesture, a novel diffusion model-based speech-driven gesture synthesis approach, trained on multiple gesture datasets with different skeletons. Specifically, we first present a retargeting network to learn latent homeomorphic graphs for different motion capture standards, unifying the representations of various gestures while extending the dataset. We then capture the correlation between speech and gestures based on a diffusion model architecture using cross-local attention and self-attention to generate better speech-matched and realistic gestures. To further align speech and gesture and increase diversity, we incorporate reinforcement learning on the discrete gesture units with a learned reward function. Extensive experiments show that UnifiedGesture outperforms recent approaches on speech-driven gesture generation in terms of CCA, FGD, and human-likeness. All code, pre-trained models, databases, and demos are available to the public at https://github.com/YoungSeng/UnifiedGesture.

Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio, speech and music, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 68 of its 110 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Sep 2023.

Builds on

68 of 110 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023DiffuseStyleGesture: Stylized Audio-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Diffusion Models8 May
  2. 2023GestureDiffuCLIP: Gesture Diffusion Model with CLIP Latents26 Mar
  3. 2023Taming Diffusion Models for Audio-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generation16 Mar
  4. 2023DiffMotion: Speech-Driven Gesture Synthesis Using Denoising Diffusion Model24 Jan
  5. 2022Listen, Denoise, Action! Audio-Driven Motion Synthesis with Diffusion Models17 Nov

Other references · 63

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,106
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,093
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,952
  4. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,856
  5. 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,680
  6. 2020Conservative Q-Learning for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,782
  7. 2020Reformer: The Efficient Transformercited by 1,662
  8. 2021WavLM: Large-Scale Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Full Stack Speech Processingcited by 1,625
  9. 2022Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 1,067
  10. 2019Heterogeneous Graph Attention Networkcited by 733
  11. 2022AudioLM: a Language Modeling Approach to Audio Generationcited by 613
  12. 2020Learning Quadrupedal Locomotion over Challenging Terraincited by 497
38 more
  1. 2020Efficient Content-Based Sparse Attention with Routing Transformerscited by 470
  2. 2017Distributional Reinforcement Learning with Quantile Regressioncited by 465
  3. 2022TM2T: Stochastic and Tokenized Modeling for the Reciprocal Generation of 3D Human Motions and Textscited by 359
  4. 2022EDGE: Editable Dance Generation From Musiccited by 285
  5. 2022CLIFF: Carrying Location Information in Full Frames into Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 237
  6. 2022MoFusion: A Framework for Denoising-Diffusion-based Motion Synthesiscited by 218
  7. 2022FLAME: Free-form Language-based Motion Synthesis & Editingcited by 217
  8. 2022Bailando: 3D Dance Generation by Actor-Critic GPT with Choreographic Memorycited by 211
  9. 2020Speech Gesture Generation from the Trimodal Context of Text, Audio, and Speaker Identitycited by 200
  10. 2019Learning Individual Styles of Conversational Gesturecited by 190
  11. 2022BEAT: A Large-Scale Semantic and Emotional Multi-Modal Dataset for Conversational Gestures Synthesiscited by 178
  12. 2015Deep Reinforcement Learning in Large Discrete Action Spacescited by 158
  13. 2020Skeleton-Aware Networks for Deep Motion Retargetingcited by 120
  14. 2018Robots Learn Social Skills: End-to-End Learning of Co-Speech Gesture Generation for Humanoid Robotscited by 110
  15. 2021Audio2Gestures: Generating Diverse Gestures from Speech Audio with Conditional Variational Autoencoderscited by 109
  16. 2021Text2Gestures: A Transformer-Based Network for Generating Emotive Body Gestures for Virtual Agentscited by 106
  17. 2022Learning Hierarchical Cross-Modal Association for Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 106
  18. 2021Learning Speech-driven 3D Conversational Gestures from Videocited by 98
  19. 2018Neural Kinematic Networks for Unsupervised Motion Retargettingcited by 86
  20. 2020Gesticulator: A framework for semantically-aware speech-driven gesture generationcited by 84
  21. 2022ZeroEGGS: Zero-shot Example-based Gesture Generation from Speechcited by 84
  22. 2022PoseGPT: Quantization-based 3D Human Motion Generation and Forecastingcited by 78
  23. 2022UDE: A Unified Driving Engine for Human Motion Generationcited by 67
  24. 2023A Comprehensive Review of Data-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 66
  25. 2019Discretizing Continuous Action Space for On-Policy Optimizationcited by 65
  26. 2020Style Transfer for Co-Speech Gesture Animation: A Multi-Speaker Conditional-Mixture Approachcited by 64
  27. 2021Speech2AffectiveGestures: Synthesizing Co-Speech Gestures with Generative Adversarial Affective Expression Learningcited by 58
  28. 2021Speech Drives Templates: Co-Speech Gesture Synthesis with Learned Templatescited by 57
  29. 2022AvatarCLIP: Zero-Shot Text-Driven Generation and Animation of 3D Avatarscited by 55
  30. 2019Analyzing Input and Output Representations for Speech-Driven Gesture Generationcited by 52
  31. 2019Modeling Human Motion with Quaternion-based Neural Networkscited by 45
  32. 2022Diffusion Motion: Generate Text-Guided 3D Human Motion by Diffusion Modelcited by 41
  33. 2022The GENEA Challenge 2022: A large evaluation of data-driven co-speech gesture generationcited by 40
  34. 2023QPGesture: Quantization-Based and Phase-Guided Motion Matching for Natural Speech-Driven Gesture Generationcited by 40
  35. 2021A large, crowdsourced evaluation of gesture generation systems on common data: The GENEA Challenge 2020cited by 38
  36. 2022G2P-DDM: Generating Sign Pose Sequence from Gloss Sequence with Discrete Diffusion Modelcited by 38
  37. 2022Rhythmic Gesticulator: Rhythm-Aware Co-Speech Gesture Synthesis with Hierarchical Neural Embeddingscited by 38
  38. 2023Tuning computer vision models with task rewardscited by 36

50 most cited of 63 All 63 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 13 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 8; 2025: 4; 2026: 2.

15 papers.

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  1. 2024MambaTalk: Efficient Holistic Gesture Synthesis with Selective State Space Modelscited by 46
  2. 2024Enabling Synergistic Full-Body Control in Prompt-Based Co-Speech Motion Generationcited by 35
  3. 2024SemTalk: Holistic Co-speech Motion Generation with Frame-level Semantic Emphasiscited by 32
  4. 2023MotionScript: Natural Language Descriptions for Expressive 3D Human Motionscited by 21
  5. 2024Freetalker: Controllable Speech and Text-Driven Gesture Generation Based on Diffusion Models for Enhanced Speaker Naturalnesscited by 18
  6. 2024MDT-A2G: Exploring Masked Diffusion Transformers for Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 7
  7. 2026DyaDiT: A Multi-Modal Diffusion Transformer for Socially Favorable Dyadic Gesture Generationcited by 7
  8. 2024Speech-driven Personalized Gesture Synthetics: Harnessing Automatic Fuzzy Feature Inferencecited by 6
  9. 2025Separate to Collaborate: Dual-Stream Diffusion Model for Coordinated Piano Hand Motion Synthesiscited by 4
  10. 2025CoordSpeaker: Exploiting Gesture Captioning for Coordinated Caption-Empowered Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 4
  11. 2024DiM-Gesture: Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Adaptive Layer Normalization Mamba-2 frameworkcited by 2
  12. 2024Allo-AVA: A Large-Scale Multimodal Conversational AI Dataset for Allocentric Avatar Gesture Animationcited by 2
3 more
  1. 2026EchoAvatar: Real-time Generative Avatar Animation from Audio Streamscited by 1
  2. 2025Inter-Diffusion Generation Model of Speakers and Listeners for Effective Communicationcited by 0
  3. 2025Towards Unified Co-Speech Gesture Generation via Hierarchical Implicit Periodicity Learningcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Co-Speech Gesture Video Generation via Motion-Decoupled Diffusion Model
  2. 2023C2G2: Controllable Co-speech Gesture Generation with Latent Diffusion Model
  3. 2025EasyGenNet: An Efficient Framework for Audio-Driven Gesture Video Generation Based on Diffusion Model
  4. 2023EMoG: Synthesizing Emotive Co-speech 3D Gesture with Diffusion Model
  5. 2023AQ-GT: a Temporally Aligned and Quantized GRU-Transformer for Co-Speech Gesture Synthesis
  6. 2024CoCoGesture: Toward Coherent Co-speech 3D Gesture Generation in the Wild
  7. 2025Co-speech Gesture Video Generation via Motion-Based Graph Retrieval
  8. 2025Cosh-DiT: Co-Speech Gesture Video Synthesis via Hybrid Audio-Visual Diffusion Transformers