mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

LivelySpeaker: Towards Semantic-Aware Co-Speech Gesture Generation

arXiv 2309.09294 ↗First posted 17 Sep 2023cs.CVcited by 40

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Abstract (arXiv)

Gestures are non-verbal but important behaviors accompanying people's speech. While previous methods are able to generate speech rhythm-synchronized gestures, the semantic context of the speech is generally lacking in the gesticulations. Although semantic gestures do not occur very regularly in human speech, they are indeed the key for the audience to understand the speech context in a more immersive environment. Hence, we introduce LivelySpeaker, a framework that realizes semantics-aware co-speech gesture generation and offers several control handles. In particular, our method decouples the task into two stages: script-based gesture generation and audio-guided rhythm refinement. Specifically, the script-based gesture generation leverages the pre-trained CLIP text embeddings as the guidance for generating gestures that are highly semantically aligned with the script. Then, we devise a simple but effective diffusion-based gesture generation backbone simply using pure MLPs, that is conditioned on only audio signals and learns to gesticulate with realistic motions. We utilize such powerful prior to rhyme the script-guided gestures with the audio signals, notably in a zero-shot setting. Our novel two-stage generation framework also enables several applications, such as changing the gesticulation style, editing the co-speech gestures via textual prompting, and controlling the semantic awareness and rhythm alignment with guided diffusion. Extensive experiments demonstrate the advantages of the proposed framework over competing methods. In addition, our core diffusion-based generative model also achieves state-of-the-art performance on two benchmarks. The code and model will be released to facilitate future research.

Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 69 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Sep 2023.

Builds on

44 of 69 references.

References · 44

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
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32 more
  1. 2022Null-text Inversion for Editing Real Images using Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 1,168
  2. 2022Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 1,062
  3. 2022MotionDiffuse: Text-Driven Human Motion Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 768
  4. 2023T2M-GPT: Generating Human Motion from Textual Descriptions with Discrete Representationscited by 577
  5. 2020Jukebox: A Generative Model for Musiccited by 535
  6. 2021Action-Conditioned 3D Human Motion Synthesis with Transformer VAEcited by 497
  7. 2022TEMOS: Generating diverse human motions from textual descriptionscited by 486
  8. 2021AI Choreographer: Music Conditioned 3D Dance Generation with AIST++cited by 479
  9. 2022MotionCLIP: Exposing Human Motion Generation to CLIP Spacecited by 406
  10. 2022SadTalker: Learning Realistic 3D Motion Coefficients for Stylized Audio-Driven Single Image Talking Face Animationcited by 380
  11. 2022PhysDiff: Physics-Guided Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 365
  12. 2022EDGE: Editable Dance Generation From Musiccited by 284
  13. 2019Language2Pose: Natural Language Grounded Pose Forecastingcited by 257
  14. 2022Bailando: 3D Dance Generation by Actor-Critic GPT with Choreographic Memorycited by 210
  15. 2021FaceFormer: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Transformerscited by 208
  16. 2020Speech Gesture Generation from the Trimodal Context of Text, Audio, and Speaker Identitycited by 199
  17. 2019Learning Individual Styles of Conversational Gesturecited by 190
  18. 2021Synthesis of Compositional Animations from Textual Descriptionscited by 177
  19. 2022BEAT: A Large-Scale Semantic and Emotional Multi-Modal Dataset for Conversational Gestures Synthesiscited by 177
  20. 2022TEACH: Temporal Action Composition for 3D Humanscited by 173
  21. 2021Text2Gestures: A Transformer-Based Network for Generating Emotive Body Gestures for Virtual Agentscited by 106
  22. 2022Learning Hierarchical Cross-Modal Association for Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 106
  23. 2023Avatars Grow Legs: Generating Smooth Human Motion from Sparse Tracking Inputs with Diffusion Modelcited by 104
  24. 2022Back to MLP: A Simple Baseline for Human Motion Predictioncited by 99
  25. 2020Learning to Generate Diverse Dance Motions with Transformercited by 85
  26. 2020Style Transfer for Co-Speech Gesture Animation: A Multi-Speaker Conditional-Mixture Approachcited by 64
  27. 2021Speech2AffectiveGestures: Synthesizing Co-Speech Gestures with Generative Adversarial Affective Expression Learningcited by 58
  28. 2021Speech Drives Templates: Co-Speech Gesture Synthesis with Learned Templatescited by 57
  29. 2022Audio-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Video Generationcited by 54
  30. 2021Rhythm is a Dancer: Music-Driven Motion Synthesis with Global Structurecited by 53
  31. 2022Freeform Body Motion Generation from Speechcited by 11
  32. 2023Audio2Gestures: Generating Diverse Gestures from Audiocited by 10

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 11; 2025: 13; 2026: 14.

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  1. 2023EMAGE: Towards Unified Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation via Expressive Masked Audio Gesture Modelingcited by 101
  2. 2024From Audio to Photoreal Embodiment: Synthesizing Humans in Conversationscited by 82
  3. 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generationcited by 65
  4. 2024SemTalk: Holistic Co-speech Motion Generation with Frame-level Semantic Emphasiscited by 32
  5. 2024Retrieving Semantics from the Deep: an RAG Solution for Gesture Synthesiscited by 25
  6. 2023Weakly-Supervised Emotion Transition Learning for Diverse 3D Co-speech Gesture Generationcited by 17
  7. 2025SemGes: Semantics-aware Co-Speech Gesture Generation using Semantic Coherence and Relevance Learningcited by 17
  8. 2025X-Dancer: Expressive Music to Human Dance Video Generationcited by 15
  9. 2024Beyond Talking -- Generating Holistic 3D Human Dyadic Motion for Communicationcited by 14
  10. 2025Mitigating Error Accumulation in Co-Speech Motion Generation via Global Rotation Diffusion and Multi-Level Constraintscited by 12
  11. 2025AudCast: Audio-Driven Human Video Generation by Cascaded Diffusion Transformerscited by 10
  12. 2025Co3Gesture: Towards Coherent Concurrent Co-speech 3D Gesture Generation with Interactive Diffusioncited by 9
28 more
  1. 2026DyaDiT: A Multi-Modal Diffusion Transformer for Socially Favorable Dyadic Gesture Generationcited by 7
  2. 2026PersonaGesture: Single-Reference Co-Speech Gesture Personalization for Unseen Speakerscited by 7
  3. 2024Speech-driven Personalized Gesture Synthetics: Harnessing Automatic Fuzzy Feature Inferencecited by 6
  4. 2024MMoFusion: Multi-modal Co-Speech Motion Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 5
  5. 2024PianoMotion10M: Dataset and Benchmark for Hand Motion Generation in Piano Performancecited by 5
  6. 2025Separate to Collaborate: Dual-Stream Diffusion Model for Coordinated Piano Hand Motion Synthesiscited by 4
  7. 2025CoordSpeaker: Exploiting Gesture Captioning for Coordinated Caption-Empowered Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 4
  8. 2026SemConFlow: Semantic Grounding of Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Contrastive Flow-Matchingcited by 4
  9. 2024Bridge to Non-Barrier Communication: Gloss-Prompted Fine-grained Cued Speech Gesture Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 3
  10. 2024ViMo: Generating Motions from Casual Videoscited by 3
  11. 2024Towards a GENEA Leaderboard -- an Extended, Living Benchmark for Evaluating and Advancing Conversational Motion Synthesiscited by 3
  12. 2025Understanding Co-speech Gestures in-the-wildcited by 3
  13. 2025ExGes: Expressive Human Motion Retrieval and Modulation for Audio-Driven Gesture Synthesiscited by 2
  14. 2026SARAH: Spatially Aware Real-time Agentic Humanscited by 2
  15. 2026Not All Frames Are Equal: Complexity-Aware Masked Motion Generation via Motion Spectral Descriptorscited by 2
  16. 2025MAG: Multi-Modal Aligned Autoregressive Co-Speech Gesture Generation without Vector Quantizationcited by 1
  17. 2025Efficient Listener: Dyadic Facial Motion Synthesis via Action Diffusioncited by 1
  18. 2025Towards Reliable Human Evaluations in Gesture Generation: Insights from a Community-Driven State-of-the-Art Benchmarkcited by 1
  19. 2026SmoothSync: Dual-Stream Diffusion Transformers for Jitter-Robust Beat-Synchronized Gesture Generation from Quantized Audiocited by 1
  20. 20263DGesPolicy: Phoneme-Aware Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation Based on Action Controlcited by 1
  21. 2026PersonaGest: Personalized Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Semantic-Guided Hierarchical Motion Representationcited by 1
  22. 2026DuoGesture: Motion-Grounded Semantic Conditioning and Biomechanical Beat Priors for Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 1
  23. 2025Towards Unified Co-Speech Gesture Generation via Hierarchical Implicit Periodicity Learningcited by 0
  24. 2026PianoFlow: Music-Aware Streaming Piano Motion Generation with Bimanual Coordinationcited by 0
  25. 2026Semantic Motion Anchors: Bridging Motion and Meaning in Co-Speech Gesturescited by 0
  26. 2026SiGnature: Explicit Motion Diffusion for Stylized Semantic Gesturecited by 0
  27. 2026StreamTalk: Streaming Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Key-Pose Anchoringcited by 0
  28. 2026When Semantics Matter: Reliability-Aware Semantic-Rhythm Control for Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2025GestureHYDRA: Semantic Co-speech Gesture Synthesis via Hybrid Modality Diffusion Transformer and Cascaded-Synchronized Retrieval-Augmented Generation
  2. 2025SARGes: Semantically Aligned Reliable Gesture Generation via Intent Chain
  3. 2023DiffuseStyleGesture: Stylized Audio-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Diffusion Models
  4. 2025Intentional Gesture: Deliver Your Intentions with Gestures for Speech
  5. 2026GestureFAR: Streaming Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Flow Autoregression
  6. 2026Puppeteer: Object-Grounded Posture-Aware Co-Speech Gesture Generation
  7. 2025GestureLSM: Latent Shortcut based Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Spatial-Temporal Modeling
  8. 2023Taming Diffusion Models for Audio-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generation