LivelySpeaker: Towards Semantic-Aware Co-Speech Gesture Generation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Gestures are non-verbal but important behaviors accompanying people's speech. While previous methods are able to generate speech rhythm-synchronized gestures, the semantic context of the speech is generally lacking in the gesticulations. Although semantic gestures do not occur very regularly in human speech, they are indeed the key for the audience to understand the speech context in a more immersive environment. Hence, we introduce LivelySpeaker, a framework that realizes semantics-aware co-speech gesture generation and offers several control handles. In particular, our method decouples the task into two stages: script-based gesture generation and audio-guided rhythm refinement. Specifically, the script-based gesture generation leverages the pre-trained CLIP text embeddings as the guidance for generating gestures that are highly semantically aligned with the script. Then, we devise a simple but effective diffusion-based gesture generation backbone simply using pure MLPs, that is conditioned on only audio signals and learns to gesticulate with realistic motions. We utilize such powerful prior to rhyme the script-guided gestures with the audio signals, notably in a zero-shot setting. Our novel two-stage generation framework also enables several applications, such as changing the gesticulation style, editing the co-speech gestures via textual prompting, and controlling the semantic awareness and rhythm alignment with guided diffusion. Extensive experiments demonstrate the advantages of the proposed framework over competing methods. In addition, our core diffusion-based generative model also achieves state-of-the-art performance on two benchmarks. The code and model will be released to facilitate future research.
Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 69 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Sep 2023.
Builds on
44 of 69 references.
References · 44
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- 2022TEMOS: Generating diverse human motions from textual descriptionscited by 486
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- 2020Speech Gesture Generation from the Trimodal Context of Text, Audio, and Speaker Identitycited by 199
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- 2021Text2Gestures: A Transformer-Based Network for Generating Emotive Body Gestures for Virtual Agentscited by 106
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- 2021Speech Drives Templates: Co-Speech Gesture Synthesis with Learned Templatescited by 57
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 11; 2025: 13; 2026: 14.
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- 2023EMAGE: Towards Unified Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation via Expressive Masked Audio Gesture Modelingcited by 101
- 2024From Audio to Photoreal Embodiment: Synthesizing Humans in Conversationscited by 82
- 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generationcited by 65
- 2024SemTalk: Holistic Co-speech Motion Generation with Frame-level Semantic Emphasiscited by 32
- 2024Retrieving Semantics from the Deep: an RAG Solution for Gesture Synthesiscited by 25
- 2023Weakly-Supervised Emotion Transition Learning for Diverse 3D Co-speech Gesture Generationcited by 17
- 2025SemGes: Semantics-aware Co-Speech Gesture Generation using Semantic Coherence and Relevance Learningcited by 17
- 2025X-Dancer: Expressive Music to Human Dance Video Generationcited by 15
- 2024Beyond Talking -- Generating Holistic 3D Human Dyadic Motion for Communicationcited by 14
- 2025Mitigating Error Accumulation in Co-Speech Motion Generation via Global Rotation Diffusion and Multi-Level Constraintscited by 12
- 2025AudCast: Audio-Driven Human Video Generation by Cascaded Diffusion Transformerscited by 10
- 2025Co3Gesture: Towards Coherent Concurrent Co-speech 3D Gesture Generation with Interactive Diffusioncited by 9
28 more
- 2026DyaDiT: A Multi-Modal Diffusion Transformer for Socially Favorable Dyadic Gesture Generationcited by 7
- 2026PersonaGesture: Single-Reference Co-Speech Gesture Personalization for Unseen Speakerscited by 7
- 2024Speech-driven Personalized Gesture Synthetics: Harnessing Automatic Fuzzy Feature Inferencecited by 6
- 2024MMoFusion: Multi-modal Co-Speech Motion Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 5
- 2024PianoMotion10M: Dataset and Benchmark for Hand Motion Generation in Piano Performancecited by 5
- 2025Separate to Collaborate: Dual-Stream Diffusion Model for Coordinated Piano Hand Motion Synthesiscited by 4
- 2025CoordSpeaker: Exploiting Gesture Captioning for Coordinated Caption-Empowered Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 4
- 2026SemConFlow: Semantic Grounding of Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Contrastive Flow-Matchingcited by 4
- 2024Bridge to Non-Barrier Communication: Gloss-Prompted Fine-grained Cued Speech Gesture Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 3
- 2024ViMo: Generating Motions from Casual Videoscited by 3
- 2024Towards a GENEA Leaderboard -- an Extended, Living Benchmark for Evaluating and Advancing Conversational Motion Synthesiscited by 3
- 2025Understanding Co-speech Gestures in-the-wildcited by 3
- 2025ExGes: Expressive Human Motion Retrieval and Modulation for Audio-Driven Gesture Synthesiscited by 2
- 2026SARAH: Spatially Aware Real-time Agentic Humanscited by 2
- 2026Not All Frames Are Equal: Complexity-Aware Masked Motion Generation via Motion Spectral Descriptorscited by 2
- 2025MAG: Multi-Modal Aligned Autoregressive Co-Speech Gesture Generation without Vector Quantizationcited by 1
- 2025Efficient Listener: Dyadic Facial Motion Synthesis via Action Diffusioncited by 1
- 2025Towards Reliable Human Evaluations in Gesture Generation: Insights from a Community-Driven State-of-the-Art Benchmarkcited by 1
- 2026SmoothSync: Dual-Stream Diffusion Transformers for Jitter-Robust Beat-Synchronized Gesture Generation from Quantized Audiocited by 1
- 20263DGesPolicy: Phoneme-Aware Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation Based on Action Controlcited by 1
- 2026PersonaGest: Personalized Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Semantic-Guided Hierarchical Motion Representationcited by 1
- 2026DuoGesture: Motion-Grounded Semantic Conditioning and Biomechanical Beat Priors for Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 1
- 2025Towards Unified Co-Speech Gesture Generation via Hierarchical Implicit Periodicity Learningcited by 0
- 2026PianoFlow: Music-Aware Streaming Piano Motion Generation with Bimanual Coordinationcited by 0
- 2026Semantic Motion Anchors: Bridging Motion and Meaning in Co-Speech Gesturescited by 0
- 2026SiGnature: Explicit Motion Diffusion for Stylized Semantic Gesturecited by 0
- 2026StreamTalk: Streaming Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Key-Pose Anchoringcited by 0
- 2026When Semantics Matter: Reliability-Aware Semantic-Rhythm Control for Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 0
- 2026When Semantics Matter: Reliability-Aware Semantic-Rhythm Control for Co-Speech Gesture Generation29 Sep 2026
- 2026StreamTalk: Streaming Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Key-Pose Anchoring3 Aug 2026
- 2026SiGnature: Explicit Motion Diffusion for Stylized Semantic Gesture14 Jun 2026
- 2026Semantic Motion Anchors: Bridging Motion and Meaning in Co-Speech Gestures28 May 2026
- 2026DuoGesture: Motion-Grounded Semantic Conditioning and Biomechanical Beat Priors for Co-Speech Gesture Generation25 May 2026
- 2026PersonaGest: Personalized Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Semantic-Guided Hierarchical Motion Representation8 May 2026
- 2026PersonaGesture: Single-Reference Co-Speech Gesture Personalization for Unseen Speakers7 May 2026
- 2026PianoFlow: Music-Aware Streaming Piano Motion Generation with Bimanual Coordination14 Apr 2026
- 2026Not All Frames Are Equal: Complexity-Aware Masked Motion Generation via Motion Spectral Descriptors31 Mar 2026
- 2026SemConFlow: Semantic Grounding of Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Contrastive Flow-Matching27 Mar 2026
- 2026DyaDiT: A Multi-Modal Diffusion Transformer for Socially Favorable Dyadic Gesture Generation26 Feb 2026
- 2026SARAH: Spatially Aware Real-time Agentic Humans20 Feb 2026
28 more
- 20263DGesPolicy: Phoneme-Aware Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation Based on Action Control26 Jan 2026
- 2026SmoothSync: Dual-Stream Diffusion Transformers for Jitter-Robust Beat-Synchronized Gesture Generation from Quantized Audio4 Jan 2026
- 2025Towards Unified Co-Speech Gesture Generation via Hierarchical Implicit Periodicity Learning15 Dec 2025
- 2025CoordSpeaker: Exploiting Gesture Captioning for Coordinated Caption-Empowered Co-Speech Gesture Generation28 Nov 2025
- 2025Mitigating Error Accumulation in Co-Speech Motion Generation via Global Rotation Diffusion and Multi-Level Constraints13 Nov 2025
- 2025Towards Reliable Human Evaluations in Gesture Generation: Insights from a Community-Driven State-of-the-Art Benchmark3 Nov 2025
- 2025SemGes: Semantics-aware Co-Speech Gesture Generation using Semantic Coherence and Relevance Learning25 Jul 2025
- 2025Co3Gesture: Towards Coherent Concurrent Co-speech 3D Gesture Generation with Interactive Diffusion3 May 2025
- 2025Efficient Listener: Dyadic Facial Motion Synthesis via Action Diffusion29 Apr 2025
- 2025Separate to Collaborate: Dual-Stream Diffusion Model for Coordinated Piano Hand Motion Synthesis14 Apr 2025
- 2025Understanding Co-speech Gestures in-the-wild28 Mar 2025
- 2025AudCast: Audio-Driven Human Video Generation by Cascaded Diffusion Transformers25 Mar 2025
- 2025MAG: Multi-Modal Aligned Autoregressive Co-Speech Gesture Generation without Vector Quantization18 Mar 2025
- 2025ExGes: Expressive Human Motion Retrieval and Modulation for Audio-Driven Gesture Synthesis9 Mar 2025
- 2025X-Dancer: Expressive Music to Human Dance Video Generation24 Feb 2025
- 2024SemTalk: Holistic Co-speech Motion Generation with Frame-level Semantic Emphasis21 Dec 2024
- 2024Retrieving Semantics from the Deep: an RAG Solution for Gesture Synthesis9 Dec 2024
- 2024Towards a GENEA Leaderboard -- an Extended, Living Benchmark for Evaluating and Advancing Conversational Motion Synthesis8 Oct 2024
- 2024ViMo: Generating Motions from Casual Videos13 Aug 2024
- 2024PianoMotion10M: Dataset and Benchmark for Hand Motion Generation in Piano Performance13 Jun 2024
- 2024Bridge to Non-Barrier Communication: Gloss-Prompted Fine-grained Cued Speech Gesture Generation with Diffusion Model30 Apr 2024
- 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generation1 Apr 2024
- 2024Beyond Talking -- Generating Holistic 3D Human Dyadic Motion for Communication28 Mar 2024
- 2024Speech-driven Personalized Gesture Synthetics: Harnessing Automatic Fuzzy Feature Inference16 Mar 2024
- 2024MMoFusion: Multi-modal Co-Speech Motion Generation with Diffusion Model5 Mar 2024
- 2024From Audio to Photoreal Embodiment: Synthesizing Humans in Conversations3 Jan 2024
- 2023EMAGE: Towards Unified Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation via Expressive Masked Audio Gesture Modeling31 Dec 2023
- 2023Weakly-Supervised Emotion Transition Learning for Diverse 3D Co-speech Gesture Generation29 Nov 2023
- 2025AudCast: Audio-Driven Human Video Generation by Cascaded Diffusion Transformerscited by 10
- 2026DyaDiT: A Multi-Modal Diffusion Transformer for Socially Favorable Dyadic Gesture Generationcited by 7
- 2024MMoFusion: Multi-modal Co-Speech Motion Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 5
- 2025Separate to Collaborate: Dual-Stream Diffusion Model for Coordinated Piano Hand Motion Synthesiscited by 4
- 2026SemConFlow: Semantic Grounding of Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Contrastive Flow-Matchingcited by 4
- 2024Bridge to Non-Barrier Communication: Gloss-Prompted Fine-grained Cued Speech Gesture Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 3
- 2026SmoothSync: Dual-Stream Diffusion Transformers for Jitter-Robust Beat-Synchronized Gesture Generation from Quantized Audiocited by 1
- 20263DGesPolicy: Phoneme-Aware Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation Based on Action Controlcited by 1
- 2026SemConFlow: Semantic Grounding of Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Contrastive Flow-Matching27 Mar 2026
- 2026DyaDiT: A Multi-Modal Diffusion Transformer for Socially Favorable Dyadic Gesture Generation26 Feb 2026
- 20263DGesPolicy: Phoneme-Aware Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation Based on Action Control26 Jan 2026
- 2026SmoothSync: Dual-Stream Diffusion Transformers for Jitter-Robust Beat-Synchronized Gesture Generation from Quantized Audio4 Jan 2026
- 2025Separate to Collaborate: Dual-Stream Diffusion Model for Coordinated Piano Hand Motion Synthesis14 Apr 2025
- 2025AudCast: Audio-Driven Human Video Generation by Cascaded Diffusion Transformers25 Mar 2025
- 2024Bridge to Non-Barrier Communication: Gloss-Prompted Fine-grained Cued Speech Gesture Generation with Diffusion Model30 Apr 2024
- 2024MMoFusion: Multi-modal Co-Speech Motion Generation with Diffusion Model5 Mar 2024
- 2026SARAH: Spatially Aware Real-time Agentic Humanscited by 2
- 2026SARAH: Spatially Aware Real-time Agentic Humans20 Feb 2026
- 2023EMAGE: Towards Unified Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation via Expressive Masked Audio Gesture Modelingcited by 101
- 2024From Audio to Photoreal Embodiment: Synthesizing Humans in Conversationscited by 82
- 2024Large Motion Model for Unified Multi-Modal Motion Generationcited by 65
- 2024SemTalk: Holistic Co-speech Motion Generation with Frame-level Semantic Emphasiscited by 32
- 2024Retrieving Semantics from the Deep: an RAG Solution for Gesture Synthesiscited by 25
- 2023Weakly-Supervised Emotion Transition Learning for Diverse 3D Co-speech Gesture Generationcited by 17
- 2025SemGes: Semantics-aware Co-Speech Gesture Generation using Semantic Coherence and Relevance Learningcited by 17
- 2025X-Dancer: Expressive Music to Human Dance Video Generationcited by 15
- 2024Beyond Talking -- Generating Holistic 3D Human Dyadic Motion for Communicationcited by 14
- 2025Mitigating Error Accumulation in Co-Speech Motion Generation via Global Rotation Diffusion and Multi-Level Constraintscited by 12
- 2025Co3Gesture: Towards Coherent Concurrent Co-speech 3D Gesture Generation with Interactive Diffusioncited by 9
- 2026PersonaGesture: Single-Reference Co-Speech Gesture Personalization for Unseen Speakerscited by 7
12 most cited of 31 All 31 (JSON)
- 2026When Semantics Matter: Reliability-Aware Semantic-Rhythm Control for Co-Speech Gesture Generation29 Sep 2026
- 2026StreamTalk: Streaming Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Key-Pose Anchoring3 Aug 2026
- 2026SiGnature: Explicit Motion Diffusion for Stylized Semantic Gesture14 Jun 2026
- 2026Semantic Motion Anchors: Bridging Motion and Meaning in Co-Speech Gestures28 May 2026
- 2026DuoGesture: Motion-Grounded Semantic Conditioning and Biomechanical Beat Priors for Co-Speech Gesture Generation25 May 2026
- 2026PersonaGest: Personalized Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Semantic-Guided Hierarchical Motion Representation8 May 2026
- 2026PersonaGesture: Single-Reference Co-Speech Gesture Personalization for Unseen Speakers7 May 2026
- 2026PianoFlow: Music-Aware Streaming Piano Motion Generation with Bimanual Coordination14 Apr 2026
- 2026Not All Frames Are Equal: Complexity-Aware Masked Motion Generation via Motion Spectral Descriptors31 Mar 2026
- 2025Towards Unified Co-Speech Gesture Generation via Hierarchical Implicit Periodicity Learning15 Dec 2025
- 2025CoordSpeaker: Exploiting Gesture Captioning for Coordinated Caption-Empowered Co-Speech Gesture Generation28 Nov 2025
- 2025Mitigating Error Accumulation in Co-Speech Motion Generation via Global Rotation Diffusion and Multi-Level Constraints13 Nov 2025
12 newest of 31 All 31 (JSON)
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