mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Taming Diffusion Models for Audio-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generation

arXiv 2303.09119 ↗First posted 16 Mar 2023cs.CV cs.SD eess.AScited by 128

On the map: Diffusion models → Audio, speech and music

Abstract (arXiv)

Animating virtual avatars to make co-speech gestures facilitates various applications in human-machine interaction. The existing methods mainly rely on generative adversarial networks (GANs), which typically suffer from notorious mode collapse and unstable training, thus making it difficult to learn accurate audio-gesture joint distributions. In this work, we propose a novel diffusion-based framework, named Diffusion Co-Speech Gesture (DiffGesture), to effectively capture the cross-modal audio-to-gesture associations and preserve temporal coherence for high-fidelity audio-driven co-speech gesture generation. Specifically, we first establish the diffusion-conditional generation process on clips of skeleton sequences and audio to enable the whole framework. Then, a novel Diffusion Audio-Gesture Transformer is devised to better attend to the information from multiple modalities and model the long-term temporal dependency. Moreover, to eliminate temporal inconsistency, we propose an effective Diffusion Gesture Stabilizer with an annealed noise sampling strategy. Benefiting from the architectural advantages of diffusion models, we further incorporate implicit classifier-free guidance to trade off between diversity and gesture quality. Extensive experiments demonstrate that DiffGesture achieves state-of-theart performance, which renders coherent gestures with better mode coverage and stronger audio correlations. Code is available at https://github.com/Advocate99/DiffGesture.

Key facts. Cited by 128 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio, speech and music, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 28 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Mar 2023.

Builds on

28 of 46 references.

References · 28

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  2. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  3. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  4. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
  5. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
  6. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,717
  7. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,595
  8. 2018An Empirical Evaluation of Generic Convolutional and Recurrent Networks for Sequence Modelingcited by 1,447
  9. 2018OpenPose: Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation using Part Affinity Fieldscited by 1,161
  10. 2021Diffusion Probabilistic Models for 3D Point Cloud Generationcited by 734
  11. 2021AI Choreographer: Music Conditioned 3D Dance Generation with AIST++cited by 479
  12. 2019Language2Pose: Natural Language Grounded Pose Forecastingcited by 257
16 more
  1. 2021More Control for Free! Image Synthesis with Semantic Diffusion Guidancecited by 211
  2. 2020Speech Gesture Generation from the Trimodal Context of Text, Audio, and Speaker Identitycited by 199
  3. 2019Learning Individual Styles of Conversational Gesturecited by 190
  4. 2022BEAT: A Large-Scale Semantic and Emotional Multi-Modal Dataset for Conversational Gestures Synthesiscited by 177
  5. 2020Monocular Expressive Body Regression through Body-Driven Attentioncited by 155
  6. 2021DanceFormer: Music Conditioned 3D Dance Generation with Parametric Motion Transformercited by 111
  7. 2018Robots Learn Social Skills: End-to-End Learning of Co-Speech Gesture Generation for Humanoid Robotscited by 110
  8. 2021Audio2Gestures: Generating Diverse Gestures from Speech Audio with Conditional Variational Autoencoderscited by 109
  9. 2021Text2Gestures: A Transformer-Based Network for Generating Emotive Body Gestures for Virtual Agentscited by 106
  10. 2022Learning Hierarchical Cross-Modal Association for Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 106
  11. 2021Learning Speech-driven 3D Conversational Gestures from Videocited by 98
  12. 2020Style Transfer for Co-Speech Gesture Animation: A Multi-Speaker Conditional-Mixture Approachcited by 64
  13. 2021Speech Drives Templates: Co-Speech Gesture Synthesis with Learned Templatescited by 57
  14. 2022Audio-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Video Generationcited by 54
  15. 2022Rhythmic Gesticulator: Rhythm-Aware Co-Speech Gesture Synthesis with Hierarchical Neural Embeddingscited by 38
  16. 2022Freeform Body Motion Generation from Speechcited by 11

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 29; 2024: 33; 2025: 43; 2026: 23.

128 papers.

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  1. 2023RAPHAEL: Text-to-Image Generation via Large Mixture of Diffusion Pathscited by 141
  2. 2025OmniHuman-1: Rethinking the Scaling-Up of One-Stage Conditioned Human Animation Modelscited by 127
  3. 2023EMAGE: Towards Unified Holistic Co-Speech Gesture Generation via Expressive Masked Audio Gesture Modelingcited by 101
  4. 2023Human Motion Generation: A Surveycited by 95
  5. 2023HumanGaussian: Text-Driven 3D Human Generation with Gaussian Splattingcited by 89
  6. 2023EMDM: Efficient Motion Diffusion Model for Fast and High-Quality Motion Generationcited by 88
  7. 2024Multi-Track Timeline Control for Text-Driven 3D Human Motion Generationcited by 88
  8. 2023DiffPoseTalk: Speech-Driven Stylistic 3D Facial Animation and Head Pose Generation via Diffusion Modelscited by 81
  9. 2024OpenHumanVid: A Large-Scale High-Quality Dataset for Enhancing Human-Centric Video Generationcited by 77
  10. 2023PhysHOI: Physics-Based Imitation of Dynamic Human-Object Interactioncited by 72
  11. 2023HyperHuman: Hyper-Realistic Human Generation with Latent Structural Diffusioncited by 68
  12. 2024CoMo: Controllable Motion Generation through Language Guided Pose Code Editingcited by 66
38 more
  1. 2023ReMoS: 3D Motion-Conditioned Reaction Synthesis for Two-Person Interactionscited by 62
  2. 2024DiffSHEG: A Diffusion-Based Approach for Real-Time Speech-driven Holistic 3D Expression and Gesture Generationcited by 61
  3. 2023FaceTalk: Audio-Driven Motion Diffusion for Neural Parametric Head Modelscited by 55
  4. 2024MambaTalk: Efficient Holistic Gesture Synthesis with Selective State Space Modelscited by 46
  5. 2025GENMO: A GENeralist Model for Human MOtioncited by 43
  6. 2024ConvoFusion: Multi-Modal Conversational Diffusion for Co-Speech Gesture Synthesiscited by 41
  7. 2023EmotionGesture: Audio-Driven Diverse Emotional Co-Speech 3D Gesture Generationcited by 40
  8. 2023Emotional Speech-driven 3D Body Animation via Disentangled Latent Diffusioncited by 39
  9. 2024CyberHost: Taming Audio-driven Avatar Diffusion Model with Region Codebook Attentioncited by 38
  10. 2024Enabling Synergistic Full-Body Control in Prompt-Based Co-Speech Motion Generationcited by 35
  11. 2024TANGO: Co-Speech Gesture Video Reenactment with Hierarchical Audio Motion Embedding and Diffusion Interpolationcited by 32
  12. 2024SemTalk: Holistic Co-speech Motion Generation with Frame-level Semantic Emphasiscited by 32
  13. 2024Towards Variable and Coordinated Holistic Co-Speech Motion Generationcited by 29
  14. 2024in2IN: Leveraging individual Information to Generate Human INteractionscited by 29
  15. 2025ARTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Head Animation via Autoregressive Modelcited by 28
  16. 2023AI-Generated Content (AIGC) for Various Data Modalities: A Surveycited by 25
  17. 2023DREAM-Talk: Diffusion-based Realistic Emotional Audio-driven Method for Single Image Talking Face Generationcited by 24
  18. 2023BodyFormer: Semantics-guided 3D Body Gesture Synthesis with Transformercited by 21
  19. 2023MotionScript: Natural Language Descriptions for Expressive 3D Human Motionscited by 21
  20. 2025InterActHuman: Multi-Concept Human Animation with Layout-Aligned Audio Conditionscited by 20
  21. 2024DiffTED: One-shot Audio-driven TED Talk Video Generation with Diffusion-based Co-speech Gesturescited by 19
  22. 2025ChainHOI: Joint-based Kinematic Chain Modeling for Human-Object Interaction Generationcited by 19
  23. 2023Weakly-Supervised Emotion Transition Learning for Diverse 3D Co-speech Gesture Generationcited by 17
  24. 2025EchoMask: Speech-Queried Attention-based Mask Modeling for Holistic Co-Speech Motion Generationcited by 17
  25. 2025SemGes: Semantics-aware Co-Speech Gesture Generation using Semantic Coherence and Relevance Learningcited by 17
  26. 2023EMoG: Synthesizing Emotive Co-speech 3D Gesture with Diffusion Modelcited by 15
  27. 2023UnifiedGesture: A Unified Gesture Synthesis Model for Multiple Skeletonscited by 15
  28. 2025HERO: Human Reaction Generation from Videoscited by 15
  29. 2024Generative Enhancement for 3D Medical Imagescited by 14
  30. 2024Beyond Talking -- Generating Holistic 3D Human Dyadic Motion for Communicationcited by 14
  31. 2025Simulating the Real World: A Unified Survey of Multimodal Generative Modelscited by 14
  32. 2023A Unified Framework for Multimodal, Multi-Part Human Motion Synthesiscited by 12
  33. 2025Mitigating Error Accumulation in Co-Speech Motion Generation via Global Rotation Diffusion and Multi-Level Constraintscited by 12
  34. 2025MOSPA: Human Motion Generation Driven by Spatial Audiocited by 11
  35. 2024Holistic-Motion2D: Scalable Whole-body Human Motion Generation in 2D Spacecited by 10
  36. 2025AudCast: Audio-Driven Human Video Generation by Cascaded Diffusion Transformerscited by 10
  37. 2025AV-Flow: Transforming Text to Audio-Visual Human-like Interactionscited by 9
  38. 2025Co3Gesture: Towards Coherent Concurrent Co-speech 3D Gesture Generation with Interactive Diffusioncited by 9

50 most cited of 128 All 128 (JSON)

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  1. 2023DiffuseStyleGesture: Stylized Audio-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Diffusion Models
  2. 2023DiffMotion: Speech-Driven Gesture Synthesis Using Denoising Diffusion Model
  3. 2024Co-Speech Gesture Video Generation via Motion-Decoupled Diffusion Model
  4. 2024Conditional GAN for Enhancing Diffusion Models in Efficient and Authentic Global Gesture Generation from Audios
  5. 2025Audio-driven Gesture Generation via Deviation Feature in the Latent Space
  6. 2024ExpGest: Expressive Speaker Generation Using Diffusion Model and Hybrid Audio-Text Guidance
  7. 2025Democratizing High-Fidelity Co-Speech Gesture Video Generation
  8. 2023LivelySpeaker: Towards Semantic-Aware Co-Speech Gesture Generation