FaceDiffuser: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Diffusion
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Abstract (arXiv)
Speech-driven 3D facial animation synthesis has been a challenging task both in industry and research. Recent methods mostly focus on deterministic deep learning methods meaning that given a speech input, the output is always the same. However, in reality, the non-verbal facial cues that reside throughout the face are non-deterministic in nature. In addition, majority of the approaches focus on 3D vertex based datasets and methods that are compatible with existing facial animation pipelines with rigged characters is scarce. To eliminate these issues, we present FaceDiffuser, a non-deterministic deep learning model to generate speech-driven facial animations that is trained with both 3D vertex and blendshape based datasets. Our method is based on the diffusion technique and uses the pre-trained large speech representation model HuBERT to encode the audio input. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to employ the diffusion method for the task of speech-driven 3D facial animation synthesis. We have run extensive objective and subjective analyses and show that our approach achieves better or comparable results in comparison to the state-of-the-art methods. We also introduce a new in-house dataset that is based on a blendshape based rigged character. We recommend watching the accompanying supplementary video. The code and the dataset will be publicly available.
Key facts. Cited by 78 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Sep 2023.
Builds on
38 of 53 references.
References · 38
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26 more
- 2022SadTalker: Learning Realistic 3D Motion Coefficients for Stylized Audio-Driven Single Image Talking Face Animationcited by 382
- 2014Deep Speech: Scaling up end-to-end speech recognitioncited by 354
- 2022EDGE: Editable Dance Generation From Musiccited by 287
- 20193D Morphable Face Models -- Past, Present and Futurecited by 270
- 2019Capture, Learning, and Synthesis of 3D Speaking Stylescited by 259
- 2022EMOCA: Emotion Driven Monocular Face Capture and Animationcited by 255
- 2021FaceFormer: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Transformerscited by 209
- 2021MeshTalk: 3D Face Animation from Speech using Cross-Modality Disentanglementcited by 190
- 2022Listen, Denoise, Action! Audio-Driven Motion Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 190
- 2023CodeTalker: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Discrete Motion Priorcited by 184
- 2022Generating Holistic 3D Human Motion from Speechcited by 180
- 2022BEAT: A Large-Scale Semantic and Emotional Multi-Modal Dataset for Conversational Gestures Synthesiscited by 178
- 2019Learning to Regress 3D Face Shape and Expression from an Image without 3D Supervisioncited by 176
- 2022EAMM: One-Shot Emotional Talking Face via Audio-Based Emotion-Aware Motion Modelcited by 151
- 2022Learning to Listen: Modeling Non-Deterministic Dyadic Facial Motioncited by 126
- 2023Emotional Speech-Driven Animation with Content-Emotion Disentanglementcited by 98
- 2022Multiface: A Dataset for Neural Face Renderingcited by 87
- 2023DiffuseStyleGesture: Stylized Audio-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 85
- 2018VisemeNet: Audio-Driven Animator-Centric Speech Animationcited by 63
- 2023DAE-Talker: High Fidelity Speech-Driven Talking Face Generation with Diffusion Autoencodercited by 48
- 2020Let's Face It: Probabilistic Multi-modal Interlocutor-aware Generation of Facial Gestures in Dyadic Settingscited by 36
- 2021Live Speech Portraits: Real-Time Photorealistic Talking-Head Animationcited by 36
- 2023FaceXHuBERT: Text-less Speech-driven E(X)pressive 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learningcited by 29
- 2023Speech Driven Video Editing via an Audio-Conditioned Diffusion Modelcited by 28
- 2020Survey on 3D face reconstruction from uncalibrated imagescited by 24
- 2021Joint Audio-Text Model for Expressive Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animationcited by 15
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 9; 2024: 22; 2025: 24; 2026: 23.
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- 2023State of the Art on Diffusion Models for Visual Computingcited by 127
- 2023DiffPoseTalk: Speech-Driven Stylistic 3D Facial Animation and Head Pose Generation via Diffusion Modelscited by 81
- 2023FaceTalk: Audio-Driven Motion Diffusion for Neural Parametric Head Modelscited by 55
- 2024VLOGGER: Multimodal Diffusion for Embodied Avatar Synthesiscited by 50
- 2024Media2Face: Co-speech Facial Animation Generation With Multi-Modality Guidancecited by 39
- 2024FlowVQTalker: High-Quality Emotional Talking Face Generation through Normalizing Flow and Quantizationcited by 39
- 2024Dyadic Interaction Modeling for Social Behavior Generationcited by 32
- 2024UniTalker: Scaling up Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation through A Unified Modelcited by 30
- 2025ARTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Head Animation via Autoregressive Modelcited by 29
- 2024ScanTalk: 3D Talking Heads from Unregistered Scanscited by 24
- 2024DiffSpeaker: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Diffusion Transformercited by 18
- 2023DiffusionTalker: Personalization and Acceleration for Speech-Driven 3D Face Diffusercited by 16
38 more
- 2024Learn2Talk: 3D Talking Face Learns from 2D Talking Facecited by 16
- 2024MMHead: Towards Fine-grained Multi-modal 3D Facial Animationcited by 16
- 2023Probabilistic Speech-Driven 3D Facial Motion Synthesis: New Benchmarks, Methods, and Applicationscited by 15
- 20233DiFACE: Diffusion-based Speech-driven 3D Facial Animation and Editingcited by 15
- 2024EmoVOCA: Speech-Driven Emotional 3D Talking Headscited by 13
- 2024ProbTalk3D: Non-Deterministic Emotion Controllable Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using VQ-VAEcited by 13
- 2024DEEPTalk: Dynamic Emotion Embedding for Probabilistic Speech-Driven 3D Face Animationcited by 12
- 2025Perceptually Accurate 3D Talking Head Generation: New Definitions, Speech-Mesh Representation, and Evaluation Metricscited by 10
- 2023SingingHead: A Large-scale 4D Dataset for Singing Head Animationcited by 9
- 2023SAiD: Speech-driven Blendshape Facial Animation with Diffusioncited by 8
- 2024GLDiTalker: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Graph Latent Diffusion Transformercited by 8
- 2025Wav2Sem: Plug-and-Play Audio Semantic Decoupling for 3D Speech-Driven Facial Animationcited by 8
- 2024InterAct: Capture and Modelling of Realistic, Expressive and Interactive Activities between Two Persons in Daily Scenarioscited by 7
- 2025Audio2Face-3D: Audio-driven Realistic Facial Animation For Digital Avatarscited by 7
- 2025Audio-Driven Universal Gaussian Head Avatarscited by 7
- 2024AnimateMe: 4D Facial Expressions via Diffusion Modelscited by 6
- 2024Combo: Co-speech holistic 3D human motion generation and efficient customizable adaptation in harmonycited by 6
- 2025OT-Talk: Animating 3D Talking Head with Optimal Transportationcited by 6
- 2025Advancing Talking Head Generation: A Comprehensive Survey of Multi-Modal Methodologies, Datasets, Evaluation Metrics, and Loss Functionscited by 6
- 2025MEDTalk: Multimodal Controlled 3D Facial Animation with Dynamic Emotions by Disentangled Embeddingcited by 6
- 2025ViBES: A Conversational Agent with Behaviorally-Intelligent 3D Virtual Bodycited by 6
- 2024Beyond Fixed Topologies: Unregistered Training and Comprehensive Evaluation Metrics for 3D Talking Headscited by 5
- 2025Towards High-fidelity 3D Talking Avatar with Personalized Dynamic Texturecited by 5
- 2025Supervising 3D Talking Head Avatars with Analysis-by-Audio-Synthesiscited by 5
- 2023SpeechAct: Towards Generating Whole-body Motion from Speechcited by 4
- 2025DiffusionTalker: Efficient and Compact Speech-Driven 3D Talking Head via Personalizer-Guided Distillationcited by 4
- 20253DiFACE: Synthesizing and Editing Holistic 3D Facial Animationcited by 4
- 2025PESTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Personalized Emotional Stylescited by 4
- 2024JambaTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Talking Head Generation Based on Hybrid Transformer-Mamba Modelcited by 3
- 2025AU-Blendshape for Fine-grained Stylized 3D Facial Expression Manipulationcited by 3
- 2025LSF-Animation: Label-Free Speech-Driven Facial Animation via Implicit Feature Representationcited by 3
- 2025StreamingTalker: Audio-driven 3D Facial Animation with Autoregressive Diffusion Modelcited by 3
- 2025Towards Seamless Interaction: Causal Turn-Level Modeling of Interactive 3D Conversational Head Dynamicscited by 3
- 2024Diverse Code Query Learning for Speech-Driven Facial Animationcited by 2
- 2025Tiny is not small enough: High-quality, low-resource facial animation models through hybrid knowledge distillationcited by 2
- 2025InterAct: A Large-Scale Dataset of Dynamic, Expressive and Interactive Activities between Two People in Daily Scenarioscited by 2
- 2024EmoFace: Emotion-Content Disentangled Speech-Driven 3D Talking Face Animationcited by 1
- 20243DFacePolicy: Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation Based on Action Controlcited by 1
50 most cited of 78 All 78 (JSON)
- 2026The Shape of Speech: A Geometric Measure of Coarticulation for Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation2 Oct 2026
- 2026Seeing Speech: Learning Visible Articulatory Dynamics for Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation24 Sep 2026
- 2026KoUniTalk: A Lightweight Articulation-Centered Korean-English 3D Talking Face Benchmark17 Sep 2026
- 2026InterSing: Explicit Interaction Dynamics for 3D Duet Singing Animation and Beyond4 Sep 2026
- 2026ECHO: Dyadic 3D Facial Motion Generation with Asymmetric Deterministic Articulation and Stochastic Reaction29 Aug 2026
- 2026EMODY Flow: Emotion-Aware Audio-Driven Full-Body Motion Generation19 Aug 2026
- 2026AnyTalk: Speech Animation for Arbitrary Characters Leveraging a Video Generation Model17 Aug 2026
- 2026FMReward: Aligning and Evaluating Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Human Preferences15 Aug 2026
- 2026CETalk: Continuous Valence-Arousal Control for Audio-Driven 3D Talking Head Generation15 Aug 2026
- 2026RAGMesh with FaME-G2E: Long-Form Text-Driven 3D Face Generation and Editing10 Aug 2026
- 2026SubtleTalk: Generating Controllable Weakly-correlated Facial Dynamics for 3D Talking Heads via Residual Flow Matching3 Aug 2026
- 2026STEER: Steerable Dyadic Head Avatars26 Jul 2026
38 more
- 2026From Tokens to Faces: Investigating Discrete Speech Representations for 3D Facial Animation11 Jun 2026
- 2026TokTalk: Expressive Real-time Facial Animation from Audio-LLM Tokens29 May 2026
- 2026CapTalk: Text-Guided Stylization and Speech-Driven 3D Head Animation28 May 2026
- 2026AudioFace: Language-Assisted Speech-Driven Facial Animation with Multimodal Language Models8 May 2026
- 2026Polyglot: Multilingual Style Preserving Speech-Driven Facial Animation17 Apr 2026
- 2026SEDTalker: Emotion-Aware 3D Facial Animation Using Frame-Level Speech Emotion Diarization14 Apr 2026
- 2026FreeTalk: Emotional Topology-Free 3D Talking Heads16 Mar 2026
- 2026Talking Together: Synthesizing Co-Located 3D Conversations from Audio9 Mar 2026
- 20263DXTalker: Unifying Identity, Lip Sync, Emotion, and Spatial Dynamics in Expressive 3D Talking Avatars11 Feb 2026
- 2026EditEmoTalk: Controllable Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Continuous Expression Editing15 Jan 2026
- 2026ExposeAnyone: Personalized Audio-to-Expression Diffusion Models Are Robust Zero-Shot Face Forgery Detectors5 Jan 2026
- 2025PTalker: Personalized Speech-Driven 3D Talking Head Animation via Style Disentanglement and Modality Alignment27 Dec 2025
- 2025Towards Seamless Interaction: Causal Turn-Level Modeling of Interactive 3D Conversational Head Dynamics17 Dec 2025
- 2025ViBES: A Conversational Agent with Behaviorally-Intelligent 3D Virtual Body16 Dec 2025
- 2025KeyframeFace: Language-Driven Facial Animation via Semantic Keyframes12 Dec 2025
- 2025StreamingTalker: Audio-driven 3D Facial Animation with Autoregressive Diffusion Model18 Nov 2025
- 2025LSF-Animation: Label-Free Speech-Driven Facial Animation via Implicit Feature Representation23 Oct 2025
- 2025PESTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Personalized Emotional Styles13 Oct 2025
- 20253DiFACE: Synthesizing and Editing Holistic 3D Facial Animation30 Sep 2025
- 2025KSDiff: Keyframe-Augmented Speech-Aware Dual-Path Diffusion for Facial Animation24 Sep 2025
- 2025Audio-Driven Universal Gaussian Head Avatars23 Sep 2025
- 2025InterAct: A Large-Scale Dataset of Dynamic, Expressive and Interactive Activities between Two People in Daily Scenarios6 Sep 2025
- 2025Audio2Face-3D: Audio-driven Realistic Facial Animation For Digital Avatars22 Aug 2025
- 2025Tiny is not small enough: High-quality, low-resource facial animation models through hybrid knowledge distillation24 Jul 2025
- 2025AU-Blendshape for Fine-grained Stylized 3D Facial Expression Manipulation16 Jul 2025
- 2025MEDTalk: Multimodal Controlled 3D Facial Animation with Dynamic Emotions by Disentangled Embedding8 Jul 2025
- 2025Advancing Talking Head Generation: A Comprehensive Survey of Multi-Modal Methodologies, Datasets, Evaluation Metrics, and Loss Functions23 Jun 2025
- 2025Wav2Sem: Plug-and-Play Audio Semantic Decoupling for 3D Speech-Driven Facial Animation29 May 2025
- 2025OT-Talk: Animating 3D Talking Head with Optimal Transportation3 May 2025
- 2025Supervising 3D Talking Head Avatars with Analysis-by-Audio-Synthesis18 Apr 2025
- 2025Controllable Expressive 3D Facial Animation via Diffusion in a Unified Multimodal Space14 Apr 2025
- 2025Perceptually Accurate 3D Talking Head Generation: New Definitions, Speech-Mesh Representation, and Evaluation Metrics26 Mar 2025
- 2025DiffusionTalker: Efficient and Compact Speech-Driven 3D Talking Head via Personalizer-Guided Distillation23 Mar 2025
- 2025Towards High-fidelity 3D Talking Avatar with Personalized Dynamic Texture1 Mar 2025
- 2025ARTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Head Animation via Autoregressive Model27 Feb 2025
- 2024Beyond Fixed Topologies: Unregistered Training and Comprehensive Evaluation Metrics for 3D Talking Heads14 Oct 2024
- 2024MMHead: Towards Fine-grained Multi-modal 3D Facial Animation10 Oct 2024
- 2024Diverse Code Query Learning for Speech-Driven Facial Animation27 Sep 2024
50 newest of 78 All 78 (JSON)
- 2023State of the Art on Diffusion Models for Visual Computingcited by 127
- 2023DiffPoseTalk: Speech-Driven Stylistic 3D Facial Animation and Head Pose Generation via Diffusion Modelscited by 81
- 2024VLOGGER: Multimodal Diffusion for Embodied Avatar Synthesiscited by 50
- 2024DiffSpeaker: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Diffusion Transformercited by 18
- 2023DiffusionTalker: Personalization and Acceleration for Speech-Driven 3D Face Diffusercited by 16
- 20233DiFACE: Diffusion-based Speech-driven 3D Facial Animation and Editingcited by 15
- 2024GLDiTalker: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Graph Latent Diffusion Transformercited by 8
- 2024AnimateMe: 4D Facial Expressions via Diffusion Modelscited by 6
- 2025StreamingTalker: Audio-driven 3D Facial Animation with Autoregressive Diffusion Modelcited by 3
- 2025KSDiff: Keyframe-Augmented Speech-Aware Dual-Path Diffusion for Facial Animationcited by 1
- 2026ExposeAnyone: Personalized Audio-to-Expression Diffusion Models Are Robust Zero-Shot Face Forgery Detectorscited by 1
- 2024CFCPalsy: Facial Image Synthesis with Cross-Fusion Cycle Diffusion Model for Facial Paralysis Individualscited by 0
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026EMODY Flow: Emotion-Aware Audio-Driven Full-Body Motion Generation19 Aug 2026
- 2026AnyTalk: Speech Animation for Arbitrary Characters Leveraging a Video Generation Model17 Aug 2026
- 2026SubtleTalk: Generating Controllable Weakly-correlated Facial Dynamics for 3D Talking Heads via Residual Flow Matching3 Aug 2026
- 2026ExposeAnyone: Personalized Audio-to-Expression Diffusion Models Are Robust Zero-Shot Face Forgery Detectors5 Jan 2026
- 2025StreamingTalker: Audio-driven 3D Facial Animation with Autoregressive Diffusion Model18 Nov 2025
- 2025KSDiff: Keyframe-Augmented Speech-Aware Dual-Path Diffusion for Facial Animation24 Sep 2025
- 2024CFCPalsy: Facial Image Synthesis with Cross-Fusion Cycle Diffusion Model for Facial Paralysis Individuals11 Sep 2024
- 2024GLDiTalker: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Graph Latent Diffusion Transformer3 Aug 2024
- 2024AnimateMe: 4D Facial Expressions via Diffusion Models25 Mar 2024
- 2024VLOGGER: Multimodal Diffusion for Embodied Avatar Synthesis13 Mar 2024
- 2024DiffSpeaker: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Diffusion Transformer8 Feb 2024
- 20233DiFACE: Diffusion-based Speech-driven 3D Facial Animation and Editing1 Dec 2023
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2023FaceTalk: Audio-Driven Motion Diffusion for Neural Parametric Head Modelscited by 55
- 2024Media2Face: Co-speech Facial Animation Generation With Multi-Modality Guidancecited by 39
- 2024FlowVQTalker: High-Quality Emotional Talking Face Generation through Normalizing Flow and Quantizationcited by 39
- 2024Dyadic Interaction Modeling for Social Behavior Generationcited by 32
- 2024UniTalker: Scaling up Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation through A Unified Modelcited by 30
- 2025ARTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Head Animation via Autoregressive Modelcited by 29
- 2024ScanTalk: 3D Talking Heads from Unregistered Scanscited by 24
- 2024Learn2Talk: 3D Talking Face Learns from 2D Talking Facecited by 16
- 2024MMHead: Towards Fine-grained Multi-modal 3D Facial Animationcited by 16
- 2023Probabilistic Speech-Driven 3D Facial Motion Synthesis: New Benchmarks, Methods, and Applicationscited by 15
- 2024EmoVOCA: Speech-Driven Emotional 3D Talking Headscited by 13
- 2024ProbTalk3D: Non-Deterministic Emotion Controllable Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using VQ-VAEcited by 13
12 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2026The Shape of Speech: A Geometric Measure of Coarticulation for Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation2 Oct 2026
- 2026Seeing Speech: Learning Visible Articulatory Dynamics for Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation24 Sep 2026
- 2026KoUniTalk: A Lightweight Articulation-Centered Korean-English 3D Talking Face Benchmark17 Sep 2026
- 2026InterSing: Explicit Interaction Dynamics for 3D Duet Singing Animation and Beyond4 Sep 2026
- 2026ECHO: Dyadic 3D Facial Motion Generation with Asymmetric Deterministic Articulation and Stochastic Reaction29 Aug 2026
- 2026CETalk: Continuous Valence-Arousal Control for Audio-Driven 3D Talking Head Generation15 Aug 2026
- 2026RAGMesh with FaME-G2E: Long-Form Text-Driven 3D Face Generation and Editing10 Aug 2026
- 2026STEER: Steerable Dyadic Head Avatars26 Jul 2026
- 2026From Tokens to Faces: Investigating Discrete Speech Representations for 3D Facial Animation11 Jun 2026
- 2026TokTalk: Expressive Real-time Facial Animation from Audio-LLM Tokens29 May 2026
- 2026CapTalk: Text-Guided Stylization and Speech-Driven 3D Head Animation28 May 2026
- 2026Polyglot: Multilingual Style Preserving Speech-Driven Facial Animation17 Apr 2026
12 newest of 58 All 58 (JSON)