mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

FaceDiffuser: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Diffusion

arXiv 2309.11306 ↗First posted 20 Sep 2023cs.CV cs.AI cs.GRcited by 78

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Abstract (arXiv)

Speech-driven 3D facial animation synthesis has been a challenging task both in industry and research. Recent methods mostly focus on deterministic deep learning methods meaning that given a speech input, the output is always the same. However, in reality, the non-verbal facial cues that reside throughout the face are non-deterministic in nature. In addition, majority of the approaches focus on 3D vertex based datasets and methods that are compatible with existing facial animation pipelines with rigged characters is scarce. To eliminate these issues, we present FaceDiffuser, a non-deterministic deep learning model to generate speech-driven facial animations that is trained with both 3D vertex and blendshape based datasets. Our method is based on the diffusion technique and uses the pre-trained large speech representation model HuBERT to encode the audio input. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to employ the diffusion method for the task of speech-driven 3D facial animation synthesis. We have run extensive objective and subjective analyses and show that our approach achieves better or comparable results in comparison to the state-of-the-art methods. We also introduce a new in-house dataset that is based on a blendshape based rigged character. We recommend watching the accompanying supplementary video. The code and the dataset will be publicly available.

Key facts. Cited by 78 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Sep 2023.

Builds on

38 of 53 references.

References · 38

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  3. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
  4. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,058
  5. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
  6. 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,712
  7. 2020wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representationscited by 3,905
  8. 2021HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Unitscited by 2,342
  9. 2022Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 1,080
  10. 2022Diffusion Models in Vision: A Surveycited by 1,015
  11. 2020Learning an Animatable Detailed 3D Face Model from In-The-Wild Imagescited by 477
  12. 2021Diffusion Autoencoders: Toward a Meaningful and Decodable Representationcited by 449
26 more
  1. 2022SadTalker: Learning Realistic 3D Motion Coefficients for Stylized Audio-Driven Single Image Talking Face Animationcited by 382
  2. 2014Deep Speech: Scaling up end-to-end speech recognitioncited by 354
  3. 2022EDGE: Editable Dance Generation From Musiccited by 287
  4. 20193D Morphable Face Models -- Past, Present and Futurecited by 270
  5. 2019Capture, Learning, and Synthesis of 3D Speaking Stylescited by 259
  6. 2022EMOCA: Emotion Driven Monocular Face Capture and Animationcited by 255
  7. 2021FaceFormer: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Transformerscited by 209
  8. 2021MeshTalk: 3D Face Animation from Speech using Cross-Modality Disentanglementcited by 190
  9. 2022Listen, Denoise, Action! Audio-Driven Motion Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 190
  10. 2023CodeTalker: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Discrete Motion Priorcited by 184
  11. 2022Generating Holistic 3D Human Motion from Speechcited by 180
  12. 2022BEAT: A Large-Scale Semantic and Emotional Multi-Modal Dataset for Conversational Gestures Synthesiscited by 178
  13. 2019Learning to Regress 3D Face Shape and Expression from an Image without 3D Supervisioncited by 176
  14. 2022EAMM: One-Shot Emotional Talking Face via Audio-Based Emotion-Aware Motion Modelcited by 151
  15. 2022Learning to Listen: Modeling Non-Deterministic Dyadic Facial Motioncited by 126
  16. 2023Emotional Speech-Driven Animation with Content-Emotion Disentanglementcited by 98
  17. 2022Multiface: A Dataset for Neural Face Renderingcited by 87
  18. 2023DiffuseStyleGesture: Stylized Audio-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 85
  19. 2018VisemeNet: Audio-Driven Animator-Centric Speech Animationcited by 63
  20. 2023DAE-Talker: High Fidelity Speech-Driven Talking Face Generation with Diffusion Autoencodercited by 48
  21. 2020Let's Face It: Probabilistic Multi-modal Interlocutor-aware Generation of Facial Gestures in Dyadic Settingscited by 36
  22. 2021Live Speech Portraits: Real-Time Photorealistic Talking-Head Animationcited by 36
  23. 2023FaceXHuBERT: Text-less Speech-driven E(X)pressive 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learningcited by 29
  24. 2023Speech Driven Video Editing via an Audio-Conditioned Diffusion Modelcited by 28
  25. 2020Survey on 3D face reconstruction from uncalibrated imagescited by 24
  26. 2021Joint Audio-Text Model for Expressive Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animationcited by 15

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 9; 2024: 22; 2025: 24; 2026: 23.

78 papers.

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  1. 2023State of the Art on Diffusion Models for Visual Computingcited by 127
  2. 2023DiffPoseTalk: Speech-Driven Stylistic 3D Facial Animation and Head Pose Generation via Diffusion Modelscited by 81
  3. 2023FaceTalk: Audio-Driven Motion Diffusion for Neural Parametric Head Modelscited by 55
  4. 2024VLOGGER: Multimodal Diffusion for Embodied Avatar Synthesiscited by 50
  5. 2024Media2Face: Co-speech Facial Animation Generation With Multi-Modality Guidancecited by 39
  6. 2024FlowVQTalker: High-Quality Emotional Talking Face Generation through Normalizing Flow and Quantizationcited by 39
  7. 2024Dyadic Interaction Modeling for Social Behavior Generationcited by 32
  8. 2024UniTalker: Scaling up Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation through A Unified Modelcited by 30
  9. 2025ARTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Head Animation via Autoregressive Modelcited by 29
  10. 2024ScanTalk: 3D Talking Heads from Unregistered Scanscited by 24
  11. 2024DiffSpeaker: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Diffusion Transformercited by 18
  12. 2023DiffusionTalker: Personalization and Acceleration for Speech-Driven 3D Face Diffusercited by 16
38 more
  1. 2024Learn2Talk: 3D Talking Face Learns from 2D Talking Facecited by 16
  2. 2024MMHead: Towards Fine-grained Multi-modal 3D Facial Animationcited by 16
  3. 2023Probabilistic Speech-Driven 3D Facial Motion Synthesis: New Benchmarks, Methods, and Applicationscited by 15
  4. 20233DiFACE: Diffusion-based Speech-driven 3D Facial Animation and Editingcited by 15
  5. 2024EmoVOCA: Speech-Driven Emotional 3D Talking Headscited by 13
  6. 2024ProbTalk3D: Non-Deterministic Emotion Controllable Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using VQ-VAEcited by 13
  7. 2024DEEPTalk: Dynamic Emotion Embedding for Probabilistic Speech-Driven 3D Face Animationcited by 12
  8. 2025Perceptually Accurate 3D Talking Head Generation: New Definitions, Speech-Mesh Representation, and Evaluation Metricscited by 10
  9. 2023SingingHead: A Large-scale 4D Dataset for Singing Head Animationcited by 9
  10. 2023SAiD: Speech-driven Blendshape Facial Animation with Diffusioncited by 8
  11. 2024GLDiTalker: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Graph Latent Diffusion Transformercited by 8
  12. 2025Wav2Sem: Plug-and-Play Audio Semantic Decoupling for 3D Speech-Driven Facial Animationcited by 8
  13. 2024InterAct: Capture and Modelling of Realistic, Expressive and Interactive Activities between Two Persons in Daily Scenarioscited by 7
  14. 2025Audio2Face-3D: Audio-driven Realistic Facial Animation For Digital Avatarscited by 7
  15. 2025Audio-Driven Universal Gaussian Head Avatarscited by 7
  16. 2024AnimateMe: 4D Facial Expressions via Diffusion Modelscited by 6
  17. 2024Combo: Co-speech holistic 3D human motion generation and efficient customizable adaptation in harmonycited by 6
  18. 2025OT-Talk: Animating 3D Talking Head with Optimal Transportationcited by 6
  19. 2025Advancing Talking Head Generation: A Comprehensive Survey of Multi-Modal Methodologies, Datasets, Evaluation Metrics, and Loss Functionscited by 6
  20. 2025MEDTalk: Multimodal Controlled 3D Facial Animation with Dynamic Emotions by Disentangled Embeddingcited by 6
  21. 2025ViBES: A Conversational Agent with Behaviorally-Intelligent 3D Virtual Bodycited by 6
  22. 2024Beyond Fixed Topologies: Unregistered Training and Comprehensive Evaluation Metrics for 3D Talking Headscited by 5
  23. 2025Towards High-fidelity 3D Talking Avatar with Personalized Dynamic Texturecited by 5
  24. 2025Supervising 3D Talking Head Avatars with Analysis-by-Audio-Synthesiscited by 5
  25. 2023SpeechAct: Towards Generating Whole-body Motion from Speechcited by 4
  26. 2025DiffusionTalker: Efficient and Compact Speech-Driven 3D Talking Head via Personalizer-Guided Distillationcited by 4
  27. 20253DiFACE: Synthesizing and Editing Holistic 3D Facial Animationcited by 4
  28. 2025PESTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Personalized Emotional Stylescited by 4
  29. 2024JambaTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Talking Head Generation Based on Hybrid Transformer-Mamba Modelcited by 3
  30. 2025AU-Blendshape for Fine-grained Stylized 3D Facial Expression Manipulationcited by 3
  31. 2025LSF-Animation: Label-Free Speech-Driven Facial Animation via Implicit Feature Representationcited by 3
  32. 2025StreamingTalker: Audio-driven 3D Facial Animation with Autoregressive Diffusion Modelcited by 3
  33. 2025Towards Seamless Interaction: Causal Turn-Level Modeling of Interactive 3D Conversational Head Dynamicscited by 3
  34. 2024Diverse Code Query Learning for Speech-Driven Facial Animationcited by 2
  35. 2025Tiny is not small enough: High-quality, low-resource facial animation models through hybrid knowledge distillationcited by 2
  36. 2025InterAct: A Large-Scale Dataset of Dynamic, Expressive and Interactive Activities between Two People in Daily Scenarioscited by 2
  37. 2024EmoFace: Emotion-Content Disentangled Speech-Driven 3D Talking Face Animationcited by 1
  38. 20243DFacePolicy: Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation Based on Action Controlcited by 1

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