mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

StreetSurf: Extending Multi-view Implicit Surface Reconstruction to Street Views

arXiv 2306.04988 ↗First posted 8 Jun 2023cs.CV cs.GRcited by 120

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present a novel multi-view implicit surface reconstruction technique, termed StreetSurf, that is readily applicable to street view images in widely-used autonomous driving datasets, such as Waymo-perception sequences, without necessarily requiring LiDAR data. As neural rendering research expands rapidly, its integration into street views has started to draw interests. Existing approaches on street views either mainly focus on novel view synthesis with little exploration of the scene geometry, or rely heavily on dense LiDAR data when investigating reconstruction. Neither of them investigates multi-view implicit surface reconstruction, especially under settings without LiDAR data. Our method extends prior object-centric neural surface reconstruction techniques to address the unique challenges posed by the unbounded street views that are captured with non-object-centric, long and narrow camera trajectories. We delimit the unbounded space into three parts, close-range, distant-view and sky, with aligned cuboid boundaries, and adapt cuboid/hyper-cuboid hash-grids along with road-surface initialization scheme for finer and disentangled representation. To further address the geometric errors arising from textureless regions and insufficient viewing angles, we adopt geometric priors that are estimated using general purpose monocular models. Coupled with our implementation of efficient and fine-grained multi-stage ray marching strategy, we achieve state of the art reconstruction quality in both geometry and appearance within only one to two hours of training time with a single RTX3090 GPU for each street view sequence. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the reconstructed implicit surfaces have rich potential for various downstream tasks, including ray tracing and LiDAR simulation.

Key facts. Cited by 120 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 54 of its 69 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Jun 2023.

Builds on

54 of 69 references.

References · 54

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  6. 2020Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functionscited by 2,238
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38 more
  1. 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,205
  2. 2021Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 996
  3. 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 964
  4. 2020Neural Sparse Voxel Fieldscited by 959
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50 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 10; 2024: 62; 2025: 32; 2026: 16.

120 papers.

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  1. 2023DrivingGaussian: Composite Gaussian Splatting for Surrounding Dynamic Autonomous Driving Scenescited by 360
  2. 2024Street Gaussians: Modeling Dynamic Urban Scenes with Gaussian Splattingcited by 221
  3. 2023EmerNeRF: Emergent Spatial-Temporal Scene Decomposition via Self-Supervisioncited by 217
  4. 2024OmniRe: Omni Urban Scene Reconstructioncited by 161
  5. 2023Periodic Vibration Gaussian: Dynamic Urban Scene Reconstruction and Real-time Renderingcited by 143
  6. 2024HUGS: Holistic Urban 3D Scene Understanding via Gaussian Splattingcited by 142
  7. 2024DriveDreamer4D: World Models Are Effective Data Machines for 4D Driving Scene Representationcited by 123
  8. 2024textitS3Gaussian: Self-Supervised Street Gaussians for Autonomous Drivingcited by 105
  9. 2023WoVoGen: World Volume-aware Diffusion for Controllable Multi-camera Driving Scene Generationcited by 93
  10. 2024Editable Scene Simulation for Autonomous Driving via Collaborative LLM-Agentscited by 91
  11. 2024HUGSIM: A Real-Time, Photo-Realistic and Closed-Loop Simulator for Autonomous Drivingcited by 90
  12. 2024ReconDreamer: Crafting World Models for Driving Scene Reconstruction via Online Restorationcited by 89
38 more
  1. 2024InfiniCube: Unbounded and Controllable Dynamic 3D Driving Scene Generation with World-Guided Video Modelscited by 56
  2. 2024STORM: Spatio-Temporal Reconstruction Model for Large-Scale Outdoor Scenescited by 55
  3. 2024DrivingForward: Feed-forward 3D Gaussian Splatting for Driving Scene Reconstruction from Flexible Surround-view Inputcited by 53
  4. 2024FreeVS: Generative View Synthesis on Free Driving Trajectorycited by 53
  5. 2024AutoSplat: Constrained Gaussian Splatting for Autonomous Driving Scene Reconstructioncited by 52
  6. 2024DeSiRe-GS: 4D Street Gaussians for Static-Dynamic Decomposition and Surface Reconstruction for Urban Driving Scenescited by 45
  7. 2024SGD: Street View Synthesis with Gaussian Splatting and Diffusion Priorcited by 36
  8. 2025ReconDreamer++: Harmonizing Generative and Reconstructive Models for Driving Scene Representationcited by 36
  9. 2024DistillNeRF: Perceiving 3D Scenes from Single-Glance Images by Distilling Neural Fields and Foundation Model Featurescited by 33
  10. 2023Towards Knowledge-driven Autonomous Drivingcited by 29
  11. 2024S-NeRF++: Autonomous Driving Simulation via Neural Reconstruction and Generationcited by 28
  12. 2024AutoVFX: Physically Realistic Video Editing from Natural Language Instructionscited by 27
  13. 2025CoDa-4DGS: Dynamic Gaussian Splatting with Context and Deformation Awareness for Autonomous Drivingcited by 25
  14. 2024Forging Vision Foundation Models for Autonomous Driving: Challenges, Methodologies, and Opportunitiescited by 24
  15. 2024PreSight: Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Perception with City-Scale NeRF Priorscited by 21
  16. 2025EVolSplat: Efficient Volume-based Gaussian Splatting for Urban View Synthesiscited by 21
  17. 2024SplatFlow: Self-Supervised Dynamic Gaussian Splatting in Neural Motion Flow Field for Autonomous Drivingcited by 20
  18. 2025Multi-view Reconstruction via SfM-guided Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 20
  19. 2024Neural Radiance Field in Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 19
  20. 2024StreetSurfGS: Scalable Urban Street Surface Reconstruction with Planar-based Gaussian Splattingcited by 19
  21. 2024Radar Fields: Frequency-Space Neural Scene Representations for FMCW Radarcited by 18
  22. 2024Multiagent Multitraversal Multimodal Self-Driving: Open MARS Datasetcited by 18
  23. 2024AlignMiF: Geometry-Aligned Multimodal Implicit Field for LiDAR-Camera Joint Synthesiscited by 17
  24. 2024HO-Gaussian: Hybrid Optimization of 3D Gaussian Splatting for Urban Scenescited by 16
  25. 2024VDG: Vision-Only Dynamic Gaussian for Driving Simulationcited by 16
  26. 20244D Gaussian Splatting: Modeling Dynamic Scenes with Native 4D Primitivescited by 15
  27. 2023Applications of Large Scale Foundation Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 14
  28. 2023City-on-Web: Real-time Neural Rendering of Large-scale Scenes on the Webcited by 14
  29. 2024RoDUS: Robust Decomposition of Static and Dynamic Elements in Urban Scenescited by 14
  30. 2024LidaRF: Delving into Lidar for Neural Radiance Field on Street Scenescited by 14
  31. 2024Bench2Drive-R: Turning Real World Data into Reactive Closed-Loop Autonomous Driving Benchmark by Generative Modelcited by 14
  32. 2023ReSimAD: Zero-Shot 3D Domain Transfer for Autonomous Driving with Source Reconstruction and Target Simulationcited by 13
  33. 2024EMD: Explicit Motion Modeling for High-Quality Street Gaussian Splattingcited by 13
  34. 2024Lightning NeRF: Efficient Hybrid Scene Representation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 12
  35. 2024HGS-Mapping: Online Dense Mapping Using Hybrid Gaussian Representation in Urban Scenescited by 11
  36. 2024TCLC-GS: Tightly Coupled LiDAR-Camera Gaussian Splatting for Autonomous Drivingcited by 11
  37. 2025CRUISE: Cooperative Reconstruction and Editing in V2X Scenarios using Gaussian Splattingcited by 11
  38. 2025GS-Occ3D: Scaling Vision-only Occupancy Reconstruction with Gaussian Splattingcited by 11

50 most cited of 120 All 120 (JSON)