mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

ESLAM: Efficient Dense SLAM System Based on Hybrid Representation of Signed Distance Fields

arXiv 2211.11704 ↗First posted 21 Nov 2022cs.CVcited by 158

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

We present ESLAM, an efficient implicit neural representation method for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). ESLAM reads RGB-D frames with unknown camera poses in a sequential manner and incrementally reconstructs the scene representation while estimating the current camera position in the scene. We incorporate the latest advances in Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) into a SLAM system, resulting in an efficient and accurate dense visual SLAM method. Our scene representation consists of multi-scale axis-aligned perpendicular feature planes and shallow decoders that, for each point in the continuous space, decode the interpolated features into Truncated Signed Distance Field (TSDF) and RGB values. Our extensive experiments on three standard datasets, Replica, ScanNet, and TUM RGB-D show that ESLAM improves the accuracy of 3D reconstruction and camera localization of state-of-the-art dense visual SLAM methods by more than 50%, while it runs up to 10 times faster and does not require any pre-training.

Key facts. Cited by 158 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 67 of its 90 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Nov 2022.

Builds on

67 of 90 references.

References · 67

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
  2. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,723
  3. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
  4. 2019DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representationcited by 2,689
  5. 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,712
  6. 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,613
  7. 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,465
  8. 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 1,280
  9. 2020NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 1,232
  10. 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,205
  11. 2020Nerfies: Deformable Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,198
  12. 2021Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 996
38 more
  1. 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 964
  2. 2019The Replica Dataset: A Digital Replica of Indoor Spacescited by 904
  3. 2020ORB-SLAM3: An Accurate Open-Source Library for Visual, Visual-Inertial and Multi-Map SLAMcited by 878
  4. 2016ORB-SLAM2: an Open-Source SLAM System for Monocular, Stereo and RGB-D Camerascited by 806
  5. 2021MVSNeRF: Fast Generalizable Radiance Field Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereocited by 740
  6. 2021Depth-supervised NeRF: Fewer Views and Faster Training for Freecited by 735
  7. 2021DROID-SLAM: Deep Visual SLAM for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 687
  8. 2021UNISURF: Unifying Neural Implicit Surfaces and Radiance Fields for Multi-View Reconstructioncited by 646
  9. 2021BARF: Bundle-Adjusting Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 642
  10. 2021NICE-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scalable Encoding for SLAMcited by 589
  11. 2021Ref-NeRF: Structured View-Dependent Appearance for Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 575
  12. 2016Direct Sparse Odometrycited by 485
  13. 2021iMAP: Implicit Mapping and Positioning in Real-Timecited by 476
  14. 2021Putting NeRF on a Diet: Semantically Consistent Few-Shot View Synthesiscited by 464
  15. 2017VINS-Mono: A Robust and Versatile Monocular Visual-Inertial State Estimatorcited by 423
  16. 2021Dynamic View Synthesis from Dynamic Monocular Videocited by 420
  17. 2020INeRF: Inverting Neural Radiance Fields for Pose Estimationcited by 382
  18. 2021NeRF in the Dark: High Dynamic Range View Synthesis from Noisy Raw Imagescited by 336
  19. 2021Neural RGB-D Surface Reconstructioncited by 313
  20. 2021StyleSDF: High-Resolution 3D-Consistent Image and Geometry Generationcited by 289
  21. 2021NeuralRecon: Real-Time Coherent 3D Reconstruction from Monocular Videocited by 241
  22. 2020Atlas: End-to-End 3D Scene Reconstruction from Posed Imagescited by 206
  23. 2021Self-Calibrating Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 204
  24. 2021GeoNeRF: Generalizing NeRF with Geometry Priorscited by 196
  25. 2021NerfingMVS: Guided Optimization of Neural Radiance Fields for Indoor Multi-view Stereocited by 192
  26. 2022NeRF-SLAM: Real-Time Dense Monocular SLAM with Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 188
  27. 2018BA-Net: Dense Bundle Adjustment Networkcited by 175
  28. 2017CNN-SLAM: Real-time dense monocular SLAM with learned depth predictioncited by 152
  29. 2018CodeSLAM - Learning a Compact, Optimisable Representation for Dense Visual SLAMcited by 152
  30. 2021NeRS: Neural Reflectance Surfaces for Sparse-view 3D Reconstruction in the Wildcited by 136
  31. 2016SemanticFusion: Dense 3D Semantic Mapping with Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 135
  32. 2022NeuRIS: Neural Reconstruction of Indoor Scenes Using Normal Priorscited by 125
  33. 2020DeepFactors: Real-Time Probabilistic Dense Monocular SLAMcited by 117
  34. 2021NeRF-VAE: A Geometry Aware 3D Scene Generative Modelcited by 112
  35. 2022iSDF: Real-Time Neural Signed Distance Fields for Robot Perceptioncited by 109
  36. 2021TransformerFusion: Monocular RGB Scene Reconstruction using Transformerscited by 106
  37. 2017UnDeepVO: Monocular Visual Odometry through Unsupervised Deep Learningcited by 95
  38. 2022Neural 3D Reconstruction in the Wildcited by 79

50 most cited of 67 All 67 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 22; 2024: 58; 2025: 49; 2026: 29.

158 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2023Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 415
  2. 2023SplaTAM: Splat, Track & Map 3D Gaussians for Dense RGB-D SLAMcited by 388
  3. 2023GS-SLAM: Dense Visual SLAM with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 278
  4. 2024A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 224
  5. 2023NICER-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scene Encoding for RGB SLAMcited by 164
  6. 2023Point-SLAM: Dense Neural Point Cloud-based SLAMcited by 160
  7. 2023Gaussian-SLAM: Photo-realistic Dense SLAM with Gaussian Splattingcited by 154
  8. 2023Photo-SLAM: Real-time Simultaneous Localization and Photorealistic Mapping for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 141
  9. 2024SGS-SLAM: Semantic Gaussian Splatting For Neural Dense SLAMcited by 87
  10. 2024How NeRFs and 3D Gaussian Splatting are Reshaping SLAM: a Surveycited by 72
  11. 2024Splat-SLAM: Globally Optimized RGB-only SLAM with 3D Gaussianscited by 66
  12. 2024RGBD GS-ICP SLAMcited by 65
38 more
  1. 2023PLGSLAM: Progressive Neural Scene Represenation with Local to Global Bundle Adjustmentcited by 63
  2. 2024LoopSplat: Loop Closure by Registering 3D Gaussian Splatscited by 60
  3. 2025WildGS-SLAM: Monocular Gaussian Splatting SLAM in Dynamic Environmentscited by 50
  4. 2024Loopy-SLAM: Dense Neural SLAM with Loop Closurescited by 48
  5. 2024PIN-SLAM: LiDAR SLAM Using a Point-Based Implicit Neural Representation for Achieving Global Map Consistencycited by 42
  6. 2024SemGauss-SLAM: Dense Semantic Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 42
  7. 2024GenNBV: Generalizable Next-Best-View Policy for Active 3D Reconstructioncited by 39
  8. 2024GlORIE-SLAM: Globally Optimized RGB-only Implicit Encoding Point Cloud SLAMcited by 36
  9. 2023CP-SLAM: Collaborative Neural Point-based SLAM Systemcited by 32
  10. 2023HI-SLAM: Monocular Real-time Dense Mapping with Hybrid Implicit Fieldscited by 31
  11. 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Modelscited by 29
  12. 2023Neural Implicit Dense Semantic SLAMcited by 26
  13. 2024Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting For Dense Visual SLAMcited by 25
  14. 2024HI-SLAM2: Geometry-Aware Gaussian SLAM for Fast Monocular Scene Reconstructioncited by 25
  15. 2023MIPS-Fusion: Multi-Implicit-Submaps for Scalable and Robust Online Neural RGB-D Reconstructioncited by 24
  16. 2023DNS SLAM: Dense Neural Semantic-Informed SLAMcited by 23
  17. 2024DDN-SLAM: Real-time Dense Dynamic Neural Implicit SLAMcited by 23
  18. 2024MG-SLAM: Structure Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Manhattan World Hypothesiscited by 22
  19. 2025Outdoor Monocular SLAM with Global Scale-Consistent 3D Gaussian Pointmapscited by 22
  20. 2023Deep Learning for Camera Calibration and Beyond: A Surveycited by 20
  21. 2024GSFusion: Online RGB-D Mapping Where Gaussian Splatting Meets TSDF Fusioncited by 20
  22. 2023UncLe-SLAM: Uncertainty Learning for Dense Neural SLAMcited by 19
  23. 2024Neural Radiance Field in Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 19
  24. 2024MoD-SLAM: Monocular Dense Mapping for Unbounded 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 18
  25. 2025RGB-Only Gaussian Splatting SLAM for Unbounded Outdoor Scenescited by 18
  26. 2023Implicit Event-RGBD Neural SLAMcited by 16
  27. 2024NeRFs in Robotics: A Surveycited by 16
  28. 2025Sat2City: 3D City Generation from A Single Satellite Image with Cascaded Latent Diffusioncited by 16
  29. 2024High-Fidelity SLAM Using Gaussian Splatting with Rendering-Guided Densification and Regularized Optimizationcited by 15
  30. 2024Hier-SLAM: Scaling-up Semantics in SLAM with a Hierarchically Categorical Gaussian Splattingcited by 15
  31. 2025DenseSplat: Densifying Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Neural Radiance Priorcited by 14
  32. 2025VPGS-SLAM: Voxel-based Progressive 3D Gaussian SLAM in Large-Scale Scenescited by 13
  33. 20254DTAM: Non-Rigid Tracking and Mapping via Dynamic Surface Gaussianscited by 13
  34. 2024MAGiC-SLAM: Multi-Agent Gaussian Globally Consistent SLAMcited by 12
  35. 2025Neural Radiance Fields for the Real World: A Surveycited by 12
  36. 2024Q-SLAM: Quadric Representations for Monocular SLAMcited by 11
  37. 2024PG-SLAM: Photo-realistic and Geometry-aware RGB-D SLAM in Dynamic Environmentscited by 11
  38. 2025SEGS-SLAM: Structure-enhanced 3D Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Appearance Embeddingcited by 11

50 most cited of 158 All 158 (JSON)