mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

CNN-SLAM: Real-time dense monocular SLAM with learned depth prediction

arXiv 1704.03489 ↗First posted 11 Apr 2017cs.CVcited by 152

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Abstract (arXiv)

Given the recent advances in depth prediction from Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), this paper investigates how predicted depth maps from a deep neural network can be deployed for accurate and dense monocular reconstruction. We propose a method where CNN-predicted dense depth maps are naturally fused together with depth measurements obtained from direct monocular SLAM. Our fusion scheme privileges depth prediction in image locations where monocular SLAM approaches tend to fail, e.g. along low-textured regions, and vice-versa. We demonstrate the use of depth prediction for estimating the absolute scale of the reconstruction, hence overcoming one of the major limitations of monocular SLAM. Finally, we propose a framework to efficiently fuse semantic labels, obtained from a single frame, with dense SLAM, yielding semantically coherent scene reconstruction from a single view. Evaluation results on two benchmark datasets show the robustness and accuracy of our approach.

Key facts. Cited by 152 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 11 Apr 2017.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 35; 2022: 33; 2023: 31; 2024: 18; 2025: 25; 2026: 10.

152 papers.

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  1. 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,526
  2. 2025Continuous 3D Perception Model with Persistent Statecited by 527
  3. 2023SplaTAM: Splat, Track & Map 3D Gaussians for Dense RGB-D SLAMcited by 386
  4. 2021The Temporal Opportunist: Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Monocular Depthcited by 190
  5. 2022NeRF-SLAM: Real-Time Dense Monocular SLAM with Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 188
  6. 2023Co-SLAM: Joint Coordinate and Sparse Parametric Encodings for Neural Real-Time SLAMcited by 183
  7. 2021SceneGraphFusion: Incremental 3D Scene Graph Prediction from RGB-D Sequencescited by 159
  8. 2022ESLAM: Efficient Dense SLAM System Based on Hybrid Representation of Signed Distance Fieldscited by 158
  9. 2021Kimera: from SLAM to Spatial Perception with 3D Dynamic Scene Graphscited by 144
  10. 2023GO-SLAM: Global Optimization for Consistent 3D Instant Reconstructioncited by 132
  11. 2022Map-free Visual Relocalization: Metric Pose Relative to a Single Imagecited by 112
  12. 2021Endo-Depth-and-Motion: Reconstruction and Tracking in Endoscopic Videos using Depth Networks and Photometric Constraintscited by 80
38 more
  1. 2024How NeRFs and 3D Gaussian Splatting are Reshaping SLAM: a Surveycited by 72
  2. 2021Unsupervised Scale-consistent Depth Learning from Videocited by 69
  3. 2023Contrastive Lift: 3D Object Instance Segmentation by Slow-Fast Contrastive Fusioncited by 62
  4. 2024CG-SLAM: Efficient Dense RGB-D SLAM in a Consistent Uncertainty-aware 3D Gaussian Fieldcited by 61
  5. 2023VA-DepthNet: A Variational Approach to Single Image Depth Predictioncited by 54
  6. 2021Kimera-Multi: Robust, Distributed, Dense Metric-Semantic SLAM for Multi-Robot Systemscited by 53
  7. 2021Hierarchical Representations and Explicit Memory: Learning Effective Navigation Policies on 3D Scene Graphs using Graph Neural Networkscited by 50
  8. 2023NDDepth: Normal-Distance Assisted Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 45
  9. 2025LONG3R: Long Sequence Streaming 3D Reconstructioncited by 45
  10. 2021TANDEM: Tracking and Dense Mapping in Real-time using Deep Multi-view Stereocited by 39
  11. 2023R3D3: Dense 3D Reconstruction of Dynamic Scenes from Multiple Camerascited by 39
  12. 2021Differentiable SLAM-net: Learning Particle SLAM for Visual Navigationcited by 34
  13. 2025WinT3R: Window-Based Streaming Reconstruction with Camera Token Poolcited by 32
  14. 2022SAGE: SLAM with Appearance and Geometry Prior for Endoscopycited by 28
  15. 2023GEDepth: Ground Embedding for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 26
  16. 2024Matching 2D Images in 3D: Metric Relative Pose from Metric Correspondencescited by 25
  17. 2024HI-SLAM2: Geometry-Aware Gaussian SLAM for Fast Monocular Scene Reconstructioncited by 24
  18. 2021DF-VO: What Should Be Learnt for Visual Odometry?cited by 22
  19. 2021Voxel-based 3D Detection and Reconstruction of Multiple Objects from a Single Imagecited by 20
  20. 2022From 2D to 3D: Re-thinking Benchmarking of Monocular Depth Predictioncited by 19
  21. 2023EVEN: An Event-Based Framework for Monocular Depth Estimation at Adverse Night Conditionscited by 19
  22. 2024NIS-SLAM: Neural Implicit Semantic RGB-D SLAM for 3D Consistent Scene Understandingcited by 19
  23. 2024MAC-VO: Metrics-aware Covariance for Learning-based Stereo Visual Odometrycited by 19
  24. 2023MACARONS: Mapping And Coverage Anticipation with RGB Online Self-Supervisioncited by 18
  25. 2025Relative Pose Estimation through Affine Corrections of Monocular Depth Priorscited by 18
  26. 2021VOLDOR: Visual Odometry from Log-logistic Dense Optical flow Residualscited by 17
  27. 2022Improving Monocular Visual Odometry Using Learned Depthcited by 17
  28. 2022MonoNeuralFusion: Online Monocular Neural 3D Reconstruction with Geometric Priorscited by 17
  29. 2021MBA-VO: Motion Blur Aware Visual Odometrycited by 16
  30. 2021Boosting Light-Weight Depth Estimation Via Knowledge Distillationcited by 16
  31. 2021CodeMapping: Real-Time Dense Mapping for Sparse SLAM using Compact Scene Representationscited by 16
  32. 2022GLPanoDepth: Global-to-Local Panoramic Depth Estimationcited by 16
  33. 2022Probabilistic Volumetric Fusion for Dense Monocular SLAMcited by 16
  34. 2023Single Image Depth Prediction Made Better: A Multivariate Gaussian Takecited by 14
  35. 2023A Survey on Approximate Edge AI for Energy Efficient Autonomous Driving Servicescited by 14
  36. 2023Deep Learning for Visual Localization and Mapping: A Surveycited by 14
  37. 2024Adaptive Surface Normal Constraint for Geometric Estimation from Monocular Imagescited by 14
  38. 2022Learning Robotic Navigation from Experience: Principles, Methods, and Recent Resultscited by 13

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