PLGSLAM: Progressive Neural Scene Represenation with Local to Global Bundle Adjustment
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Abstract (arXiv)
Neural implicit scene representations have recently shown encouraging results in dense visual SLAM. However, existing methods produce low-quality scene reconstruction and low-accuracy localization performance when scaling up to large indoor scenes and long sequences. These limitations are mainly due to their single, global radiance field with finite capacity, which does not adapt to large scenarios. Their end-to-end pose networks are also not robust enough with the growth of cumulative errors in large scenes. To this end, we introduce PLGSLAM, a neural visual SLAM system capable of high-fidelity surface reconstruction and robust camera tracking in real-time. To handle large-scale indoor scenes, PLGSLAM proposes a progressive scene representation method which dynamically allocates new local scene representation trained with frames within a local sliding window. This allows us to scale up to larger indoor scenes and improves robustness (even under pose drifts). In local scene representation, PLGSLAM utilizes tri-planes for local high-frequency features with multi-layer perceptron (MLP) networks for the low-frequency feature, achieving smoothness and scene completion in unobserved areas. Moreover, we propose local-to-global bundle adjustment method with a global keyframe database to address the increased pose drifts on long sequences. Experimental results demonstrate that PLGSLAM achieves state-of-the-art scene reconstruction results and tracking performance across various datasets and scenarios (both in small and large-scale indoor environments). The code is open-sourced at https://github.com/dtc111111/plgslam.
Key facts. Cited by 62 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Dec 2023.
Builds on
25 of 46 references.
References · 25
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
- 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,701
- 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,607
- 2015ORB-SLAM: a Versatile and Accurate Monocular SLAM Systemcited by 983
- 2019The Replica Dataset: A Digital Replica of Indoor Spacescited by 885
- 2016ORB-SLAM2: an Open-Source SLAM System for Monocular, Stereo and RGB-D Camerascited by 801
- 2021UNISURF: Unifying Neural Implicit Surfaces and Radiance Fields for Multi-View Reconstructioncited by 643
- 2021NICE-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scalable Encoding for SLAMcited by 586
- 2021iMAP: Implicit Mapping and Positioning in Real-Timecited by 476
- 2017VINS-Mono: A Robust and Versatile Monocular Visual-Inertial State Estimatorcited by 418
- 2021Mega-NeRF: Scalable Construction of Large-Scale NeRFs for Virtual Fly-Throughscited by 396
- 2020INeRF: Inverting Neural Radiance Fields for Pose Estimationcited by 381
13 more
- 2021Neural RGB-D Surface Reconstructioncited by 312
- 2021NeuralRecon: Real-Time Coherent 3D Reconstruction from Monocular Videocited by 241
- 2021BungeeNeRF: Progressive Neural Radiance Field for Extreme Multi-scale Scene Renderingcited by 228
- 2023Co-SLAM: Joint Coordinate and Sparse Parametric Encodings for Neural Real-Time SLAMcited by 183
- 2018BA-Net: Dense Bundle Adjustment Networkcited by 173
- 2022ESLAM: Efficient Dense SLAM System Based on Hybrid Representation of Signed Distance Fieldscited by 158
- 2022Vox-Fusion: Dense Tracking and Mapping with Voxel-based Neural Implicit Representationcited by 149
- 2021TransformerFusion: Monocular RGB Scene Reconstruction using Transformerscited by 107
- 2023Progressively Optimized Local Radiance Fields for Robust View Synthesiscited by 103
- 2023SNI-SLAM: Semantic Neural Implicit SLAMcited by 64
- 2021VolumeFusion: Deep Depth Fusion for 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 44
- 2023RegFormer: An Efficient Projection-Aware Transformer Network for Large-Scale Point Cloud Registrationcited by 37
- 2023NTU4DRadLM: 4D Radar-centric Multi-Modal Dataset for Localization and Mappingcited by 17
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 30; 2025: 22; 2026: 10.
62 papers.
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- 2024SGS-SLAM: Semantic Gaussian Splatting For Neural Dense SLAMcited by 86
- 2024How NeRFs and 3D Gaussian Splatting are Reshaping SLAM: a Surveycited by 72
- 2024Exploring Diverse Methods in Visual Question Answeringcited by 45
- 2024SemGauss-SLAM: Dense Semantic Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 41
- 2024Time Series Modeling for Heart Rate Prediction: From ARIMA to Transformerscited by 35
- 2024Regional Style and Color Transfercited by 30
- 2024NeSLAM: Neural Implicit Mapping and Self-Supervised Feature Tracking With Depth Completion and Denoisingcited by 29
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Modelscited by 29
- 2024Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting For Dense Visual SLAMcited by 24
- 2024Harnessing Earnings Reports for Stock Predictions: A QLoRA-Enhanced LLM Approachcited by 24
- 2025GaussianDWM: 3D Gaussian Driving World Model for Unified Scene Understanding and Multi-Modal Generationcited by 23
- 2024DDN-SLAM: Real-time Dense Dynamic Neural Implicit SLAMcited by 22
38 more
- 2024MG-SLAM: Structure Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Manhattan World Hypothesiscited by 22
- 2024A Comparative Study on Enhancing Prediction in Social Network Advertisement through Data Augmentationcited by 20
- 2024Neural Radiance Field in Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 19
- 2024Robust Domain Generalization for Multi-modal Object Recognitioncited by 18
- 2024Incremental Joint Learning of Depth, Pose and Implicit Scene Representation on Monocular Camera in Large-scale Scenescited by 15
- 2025DenseSplat: Densifying Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Neural Radiance Priorcited by 14
- 2025VPGS-SLAM: Voxel-based Progressive 3D Gaussian SLAM in Large-Scale Scenescited by 12
- 2025SEGS-SLAM: Structure-enhanced 3D Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Appearance Embeddingcited by 11
- 2025VINGS-Mono: Visual-Inertial Gaussian Splatting Monocular SLAM in Large Scenescited by 11
- 2025MCN-SLAM: Multi-Agent Collaborative Neural SLAM with Hybrid Implicit Neural Scene Representationcited by 11
- 2024MGS-SLAM: Monocular Sparse Tracking and Gaussian Mapping with Depth Smooth Regularizationcited by 10
- 2024Predict Click-Through Rates with Deep Interest Network Model in E-commerce Advertisingcited by 10
- 2024Advanced User Credit Risk Prediction Model using LightGBM, XGBoost and Tabnet with SMOTEENNcited by 10
- 2024Multi-Modal UAV Detection, Classification and Tracking Algorithm -- Technical Report for CVPR 2024 UG2 Challengecited by 9
- 2024SCARF: Scalable Continual Learning Framework for Memory-efficient Multiple Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 8
- 2025UniPR-3D: Towards Universal Visual Place Recognition with Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 8
- 2024Exploiting Diffusion Prior for Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 7
- 2025SplatSSC: Decoupled Depth-Guided Gaussian Splatting for Semantic Scene Completioncited by 7
- 2025MUT3R: Motion-aware Updating Transformer for Dynamic 3D Reconstructioncited by 7
- 2024DVN-SLAM: Dynamic Visual Neural SLAM Based on Local-Global Encodingcited by 6
- 2025Deformable Gaussian Splatting for Efficient and High-Fidelity Reconstruction of Surgical Scenescited by 6
- 2025HS-SLAM: Hybrid Representation with Structural Supervision for Improved Dense SLAMcited by 6
- 2025DINO-SLAM: DINO-informed RGB-D SLAM for Neural Implicit and Explicit Representationscited by 6
- 2025GRS-SLAM3R: Real-Time Dense SLAM with Gated Recurrent Statecited by 6
- 2024FusionRF: High-Fidelity Satellite Neural Radiance Fields from Multispectral and Panchromatic Acquisitionscited by 5
- 2025Understanding while Exploring: Semantics-driven Active Mappingcited by 5
- 2025Reloc-VGGT: Visual Re-localization with Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 5
- 2024OG-Mapping: Octree-based Structured 3D Gaussians for Online Dense Mappingcited by 3
- 2024Uni-SLAM: Uncertainty-Aware Neural Implicit SLAM for Real-Time Dense Indoor Scene Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2026Mamba-VGGT: Persistent Long-Sequence Video Geometry Grounded Transformer via External Sliding Window Mamba Memorycited by 3
- 2024Advancing Prompt Recovery in NLP: A Deep Dive into the Integration of Gemma-2b-it and Phi2 Modelscited by 2
- 2025SN-LiDAR: Semantic Neural Fields for Novel Space-time View LiDAR Synthesiscited by 2
- 2025UNO: Unified Self-Supervised Monocular Odometry for Platform-Agnostic Deploymentcited by 2
- 2025TGSFormer: Scalable Temporal Gaussian Splatting for Embodied Semantic Scene Completioncited by 2
- 2026The Semantic Lifecycle in Embodied AI: Acquisition, Representation and Storage via Foundation Modelscited by 2
- 2024End-To-End Training and Testing Gamification Framework to Learn Human Highway Drivingcited by 1
- 2025CAD-SLAM: Consistency-Aware Dynamic SLAM with Dynamic-Static Decoupled Mappingcited by 1
- 2026PointSLAM++: Robust Dense Neural Gaussian Point Cloud-based SLAMcited by 1
50 most cited of 62 All 62 (JSON)
- 2026HIGS: Hierarchical Implicit Grids for Joint Geometric and Semantic Scene Understanding29 Sep 2026
- 2026Adaptive World Memory 3D Foundation Model for Scalable 3D Mapping, Localization, and Rendering18 Sep 2026
- 2026GaussianDWM++: Language-Grounded 3D Gaussian Driving World Model for Unified Scene Understanding, Editing, and Multi-Modal Generation17 Aug 2026
- 2026Multi-Submap Implicit Neural SLAM with Local-to-Global Loop Closure for Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction10 Aug 2026
- 2026CHOW-SLAM: Compact Hybrid Representation with Complementary Overlap Window Optimization for RGB-D SLAM3 Aug 2026
- 2026GLAM-SLAM: Real-time Gaussian Large-scale Mapping via Flow Densification and Spatial Decomposition23 Jul 2026
- 2026Mamba-VGGT: Persistent Long-Sequence Video Geometry Grounded Transformer via External Sliding Window Mamba Memory17 May 2026
- 2026DINO-VO: Learning Where to Focus for Enhanced State Estimation5 Apr 2026
- 2026The Semantic Lifecycle in Embodied AI: Acquisition, Representation and Storage via Foundation Models12 Jan 2026
- 2026PointSLAM++: Robust Dense Neural Gaussian Point Cloud-based SLAM10 Jan 2026
- 2025GaussianDWM: 3D Gaussian Driving World Model for Unified Scene Understanding and Multi-Modal Generation29 Dec 2025
- 2025Reloc-VGGT: Visual Re-localization with Geometry Grounded Transformer26 Dec 2025
38 more
- 2025UniPR-3D: Towards Universal Visual Place Recognition with Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer24 Dec 2025
- 2025ACE-SLAM: Scene Coordinate Regression for Neural Implicit Real-Time SLAM16 Dec 2025
- 2025MUT3R: Motion-aware Updating Transformer for Dynamic 3D Reconstruction3 Dec 2025
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Models3 Dec 2025
- 2025TGSFormer: Scalable Temporal Gaussian Splatting for Embodied Semantic Scene Completion29 Nov 2025
- 2025GRS-SLAM3R: Real-Time Dense SLAM with Gated Recurrent State28 Sep 2025
- 2025SplatSSC: Decoupled Depth-Guided Gaussian Splatting for Semantic Scene Completion4 Aug 2025
- 2025DINO-SLAM: DINO-informed RGB-D SLAM for Neural Implicit and Explicit Representations25 Jul 2025
- 2025MCN-SLAM: Multi-Agent Collaborative Neural SLAM with Hybrid Implicit Neural Scene Representation23 Jun 2025
- 2025UNO: Unified Self-Supervised Monocular Odometry for Platform-Agnostic Deployment8 Jun 2025
- 2025Understanding while Exploring: Semantics-driven Active Mapping30 May 2025
- 2025CAD-SLAM: Consistency-Aware Dynamic SLAM with Dynamic-Static Decoupled Mapping26 May 2025
- 2025VPGS-SLAM: Voxel-based Progressive 3D Gaussian SLAM in Large-Scale Scenes25 May 2025
- 2025ToF-Splatting: Dense SLAM using Sparse Time-of-Flight Depth and Multi-Frame Integration23 Apr 2025
- 2025SN-LiDAR: Semantic Neural Fields for Novel Space-time View LiDAR Synthesis11 Apr 2025
- 2025HS-SLAM: Hybrid Representation with Structural Supervision for Improved Dense SLAM27 Mar 2025
- 2025DenseSplat: Densifying Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Neural Radiance Prior13 Feb 2025
- 2025VINGS-Mono: Visual-Inertial Gaussian Splatting Monocular SLAM in Large Scenes14 Jan 2025
- 2025SEGS-SLAM: Structure-enhanced 3D Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Appearance Embedding9 Jan 2025
- 2025Deformable Gaussian Splatting for Efficient and High-Fidelity Reconstruction of Surgical Scenes2 Jan 2025
- 2024Uni-SLAM: Uncertainty-Aware Neural Implicit SLAM for Real-Time Dense Indoor Scene Reconstruction29 Nov 2024
- 2024Incremental Multi-Scene Modeling via Continual Neural Graphics Primitives29 Nov 2024
- 2024FusionRF: High-Fidelity Satellite Neural Radiance Fields from Multispectral and Panchromatic Acquisitions23 Sep 2024
- 2024SCARF: Scalable Continual Learning Framework for Memory-efficient Multiple Neural Radiance Fields6 Sep 2024
- 2024OG-Mapping: Octree-based Structured 3D Gaussians for Online Dense Mapping30 Aug 2024
- 2024Harnessing Earnings Reports for Stock Predictions: A QLoRA-Enhanced LLM Approach13 Aug 2024
- 2024Robust Domain Generalization for Multi-modal Object Recognition11 Aug 2024
- 2024Advanced User Credit Risk Prediction Model using LightGBM, XGBoost and Tabnet with SMOTEENN7 Aug 2024
- 2024Advancing Prompt Recovery in NLP: A Deep Dive into the Integration of Gemma-2b-it and Phi2 Models7 Jul 2024
- 2024Time Series Modeling for Heart Rate Prediction: From ARIMA to Transformers18 Jun 2024
- 2024Exploiting Diffusion Prior for Out-of-Distribution Detection16 Jun 2024
- 2024Predict Click-Through Rates with Deep Interest Network Model in E-commerce Advertising4 Jun 2024
- 2024MG-SLAM: Structure Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Manhattan World Hypothesis30 May 2024
- 2024Multi-Modal UAV Detection, Classification and Tracking Algorithm -- Technical Report for CVPR 2024 UG2 Challenge26 May 2024
- 2024MGS-SLAM: Monocular Sparse Tracking and Gaussian Mapping with Depth Smooth Regularization10 May 2024
- 2024Regional Style and Color Transfer22 Apr 2024
- 2024Neural Radiance Field in Autonomous Driving: A Survey22 Apr 2024
- 2024A Comparative Study on Enhancing Prediction in Social Network Advertisement through Data Augmentation22 Apr 2024
50 newest of 62 All 62 (JSON)
- 2024Exploiting Diffusion Prior for Out-of-Distribution Detection16 Jun 2024
- 2024SGS-SLAM: Semantic Gaussian Splatting For Neural Dense SLAMcited by 86
- 2024How NeRFs and 3D Gaussian Splatting are Reshaping SLAM: a Surveycited by 72
- 2024Exploring Diverse Methods in Visual Question Answeringcited by 45
- 2024SemGauss-SLAM: Dense Semantic Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 41
- 2024Time Series Modeling for Heart Rate Prediction: From ARIMA to Transformerscited by 35
- 2024Regional Style and Color Transfercited by 30
- 2024NeSLAM: Neural Implicit Mapping and Self-Supervised Feature Tracking With Depth Completion and Denoisingcited by 29
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Modelscited by 29
- 2024Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting For Dense Visual SLAMcited by 24
- 2024Harnessing Earnings Reports for Stock Predictions: A QLoRA-Enhanced LLM Approachcited by 24
- 2024DDN-SLAM: Real-time Dense Dynamic Neural Implicit SLAMcited by 22
- 2024MG-SLAM: Structure Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Manhattan World Hypothesiscited by 22
12 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)
- 2026HIGS: Hierarchical Implicit Grids for Joint Geometric and Semantic Scene Understanding29 Sep 2026
- 2026Multi-Submap Implicit Neural SLAM with Local-to-Global Loop Closure for Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction10 Aug 2026
- 2026CHOW-SLAM: Compact Hybrid Representation with Complementary Overlap Window Optimization for RGB-D SLAM3 Aug 2026
- 2026GLAM-SLAM: Real-time Gaussian Large-scale Mapping via Flow Densification and Spatial Decomposition23 Jul 2026
- 2026DINO-VO: Learning Where to Focus for Enhanced State Estimation5 Apr 2026
- 2026The Semantic Lifecycle in Embodied AI: Acquisition, Representation and Storage via Foundation Models12 Jan 2026
- 2026PointSLAM++: Robust Dense Neural Gaussian Point Cloud-based SLAM10 Jan 2026
- 2025Reloc-VGGT: Visual Re-localization with Geometry Grounded Transformer26 Dec 2025
- 2025UniPR-3D: Towards Universal Visual Place Recognition with Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer24 Dec 2025
- 2025ACE-SLAM: Scene Coordinate Regression for Neural Implicit Real-Time SLAM16 Dec 2025
- 2025MUT3R: Motion-aware Updating Transformer for Dynamic 3D Reconstruction3 Dec 2025
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Models3 Dec 2025
12 newest of 56 All 56 (JSON)