mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

NerfingMVS: Guided Optimization of Neural Radiance Fields for Indoor Multi-view Stereo

arXiv 2109.01129 ↗First posted 2 Sep 2021cs.CVcited by 191

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this work, we present a new multi-view depth estimation method that utilizes both conventional reconstruction and learning-based priors over the recently proposed neural radiance fields (NeRF). Unlike existing neural network based optimization method that relies on estimated correspondences, our method directly optimizes over implicit volumes, eliminating the challenging step of matching pixels in indoor scenes. The key to our approach is to utilize the learning-based priors to guide the optimization process of NeRF. Our system firstly adapts a monocular depth network over the target scene by finetuning on its sparse SfM+MVS reconstruction from COLMAP. Then, we show that the shape-radiance ambiguity of NeRF still exists in indoor environments and propose to address the issue by employing the adapted depth priors to monitor the sampling process of volume rendering. Finally, a per-pixel confidence map acquired by error computation on the rendered image can be used to further improve the depth quality. Experiments show that our proposed framework significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods on indoor scenes, with surprising findings presented on the effectiveness of correspondence-based optimization and NeRF-based optimization over the adapted depth priors. In addition, we show that the guided optimization scheme does not sacrifice the original synthesis capability of neural radiance fields, improving the rendering quality on both seen and novel views. Code is available at https://github.com/weiyithu/NerfingMVS.

Key facts. Cited by 191 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 65 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Sep 2021.

Builds on

44 of 65 references.

References · 44

  1. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
  2. 2019DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representationcited by 2,682
  3. 2018Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Spacecited by 2,037
  4. 2014Depth Map Prediction from a Single Image using a Multi-Scale Deep Networkcited by 1,264
  5. 2020NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 1,230
  6. 2018Learning Implicit Fields for Generative Shape Modelingcited by 1,060
  7. 2020Neural Sparse Voxel Fieldscited by 959
  8. 2019Scene Representation Networks: Continuous 3D-Structure-Aware Neural Scene Representationscited by 864
  9. 2020NeRF++: Analyzing and Improving Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 857
  10. 2019PIFu: Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution Clothed Human Digitizationcited by 818
  11. 2016FlowNet 2.0: Evolution of Optical Flow Estimation with Deep Networkscited by 780
  12. 2017Unsupervised Learning of Depth and Ego-Motion from Videocited by 778
32 more
  1. 2019Differentiable Volumetric Rendering: Learning Implicit 3D Representations without 3D Supervisioncited by 699
  2. 2019Local Light Field Fusion: Practical View Synthesis with Prescriptive Sampling Guidelinescited by 672
  3. 2020PIFuHD: Multi-Level Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution 3D Human Digitizationcited by 521
  4. 2020Space-time Neural Irradiance Fields for Free-Viewpoint Videocited by 414
  5. 2020INeRF: Inverting Neural Radiance Fields for Pose Estimationcited by 381
  6. 2020Local Implicit Grid Representations for 3D Scenescited by 372
  7. 2019DeepView: View Synthesis with Learned Gradient Descentcited by 253
  8. 2020Free View Synthesiscited by 231
  9. 2020Consistent Video Depth Estimationcited by 220
  10. 20183D-SIS: 3D Semantic Instance Segmentation of RGB-D Scanscited by 216
  11. 2020Atlas: End-to-End 3D Scene Reconstruction from Posed Imagescited by 206
  12. 2020Neural Reflectance Fields for Appearance Acquisitioncited by 196
  13. 2017Learning a Multi-View Stereo Machinecited by 194
  14. 2019Pushing the Boundaries of View Extrapolation with Multiplane Imagescited by 191
  15. 2017Octree Generating Networks: Efficient Convolutional Architectures for High-resolution 3D Outputscited by 189
  16. 2018DeepV2D: Video to Depth with Differentiable Structure from Motioncited by 185
  17. 2019DIST: Rendering Deep Implicit Signed Distance Function with Differentiable Sphere Tracingcited by 179
  18. 2020Stable View Synthesiscited by 165
  19. 2019Learning the Depths of Moving People by Watching Frozen Peoplecited by 120
  20. 2019DPSNet: End-to-end Deep Plane Sweep Stereocited by 115
  21. 2020Towards Better Generalization: Joint Depth-Pose Learning without PoseNetcited by 85
  22. 2020PV-RAFT: Point-Voxel Correlation Fields for Scene Flow Estimation of Point Cloudscited by 74
  23. 2019Neural RGB->D Sensing: Depth and Uncertainty from a Video Cameracited by 69
  24. 2020Portrait Neural Radiance Fields from a Single Imagecited by 61
  25. 2018MVDepthNet: Real-time Multiview Depth Estimation Neural Networkcited by 59
  26. 2019Planar Prior Assisted PatchMatch Multi-View Stereocited by 57
  27. 2019Normal Assisted Stereo Depth Estimationcited by 49
  28. 2019Multi-View Stereo by Temporal Nonparametric Fusioncited by 46
  29. 2020Occlusion-Aware Depth Estimation with Adaptive Normal Constraintscited by 41
  30. 2020SegGroup: Seg-Level Supervision for 3D Instance and Semantic Segmentationcited by 30
  31. 2021FGR: Frustum-Aware Geometric Reasoning for Weakly Supervised 3D Vehicle Detectioncited by 29
  32. 2019Conditional Single-view Shape Generation for Multi-view Stereo Reconstructioncited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 41; 2023: 70; 2024: 40; 2025: 24; 2026: 8.

191 papers.

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  1. 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,526
  2. 2025VGGT: Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 1,475
  3. 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 539
  4. 2022Decomposing NeRF for Editing via Feature Field Distillationcited by 370
  5. 2021Advances in Neural Renderingcited by 365
  6. 2021NeRF in the Dark: High Dynamic Range View Synthesis from Noisy Raw Imagescited by 336
  7. 2023FreeNeRF: Improving Few-shot Neural Rendering with Free Frequency Regularizationcited by 310
  8. 2021Dense Depth Priors for Neural Radiance Fields from Sparse Input Viewscited by 301
  9. 2021Urban Radiance Fieldscited by 263
  10. 2022NoPe-NeRF: Optimising Neural Radiance Field with No Pose Priorcited by 235
  11. 2022SPARF: Neural Radiance Fields from Sparse and Noisy Posescited by 195
  12. 2023Depth-Regularized Optimization for 3D Gaussian Splatting in Few-Shot Imagescited by 172
38 more
  1. 2022ESLAM: Efficient Dense SLAM System Based on Hybrid Representation of Signed Distance Fieldscited by 158
  2. 2022Instant Volumetric Head Avatarscited by 157
  3. 2022NeRF: Neural Radiance Field in 3D Vision: A Comprehensive Review (Updated Post-Gaussian Splatting)cited by 156
  4. 2021Efficient Neural Radiance Fields for Interactive Free-viewpoint Videocited by 150
  5. 2025Streaming 4D Visual Geometry Transformercited by 147
  6. 2024DN-Splatter: Depth and Normal Priors for Gaussian Splatting and Meshingcited by 136
  7. 2023SelfOcc: Self-Supervised Vision-Based 3D Occupancy Predictioncited by 133
  8. 2022NeuRIS: Neural Reconstruction of Indoor Scenes Using Normal Priorscited by 125
  9. 2022Neural 3D Scene Reconstruction with the Manhattan-world Assumptioncited by 123
  10. 2021NeRFReN: Neural Radiance Fields with Reflectionscited by 121
  11. 2023S-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Street Viewscited by 116
  12. 2022NeRFusion: Fusing Radiance Fields for Large-Scale Scene Reconstructioncited by 99
  13. 2021NeRF-SR: High-Quality Neural Radiance Fields using Supersamplingcited by 95
  14. 2023Bayes' Rays: Uncertainty Quantification for Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 90
  15. 2024FlashGS: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-scale and High-resolution Renderingcited by 85
  16. 2025Point3R: Streaming 3D Reconstruction with Explicit Spatial Pointer Memorycited by 82
  17. 2022SurroundDepth: Entangling Surrounding Views for Self-Supervised Multi-Camera Depth Estimationcited by 76
  18. 2022Conditional-Flow NeRF: Accurate 3D Modelling with Reliable Uncertainty Quantificationcited by 71
  19. 2022E-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from a Moving Event Cameracited by 70
  20. 2022Multi-Frame Self-Supervised Depth with Transformerscited by 64
  21. 2022VolRecon: Volume Rendering of Signed Ray Distance Functions for Generalizable Multi-View Reconstructioncited by 61
  22. 2023NeRF-Det: Learning Geometry-Aware Volumetric Representation for Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 51
  23. 2024DOGS: Distributed-Oriented Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale 3D Reconstruction Via Gaussian Consensuscited by 51
  24. 2024CityGaussianV2: Efficient and Geometrically Accurate Reconstruction for Large-Scale Scenescited by 48
  25. 2022Aug-NeRF: Training Stronger Neural Radiance Fields with Triple-Level Physically-Grounded Augmentationscited by 46
  26. 2023NeRF-LiDAR: Generating Realistic LiDAR Point Clouds with Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 44
  27. 2024PhyRecon: Physically Plausible Neural Scene Reconstructioncited by 44
  28. 2022Multi-View Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks for 3D-aware Image Synthesiscited by 43
  29. 2022V4d: voxel for 4d novel view synthesiscited by 42
  30. 2023I2-SDF: Intrinsic Indoor Scene Reconstruction and Editing via Raytracing in Neural SDFscited by 42
  31. 2023Lighting up NeRF via Unsupervised Decomposition and Enhancementcited by 40
  32. 2023OccNeRF: Advancing 3D Occupancy Prediction in LiDAR-Free Environmentscited by 39
  33. 2023ObjectSDF++: Improved Object-Compositional Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 38
  34. 2023SCADE: NeRFs from Space Carving with Ambiguity-Aware Depth Estimatescited by 35
  35. 2024GaussianRoom: Improving 3D Gaussian Splatting with SDF Guidance and Monocular Cues for Indoor Scene Reconstructioncited by 31
  36. 2022RC-MVSNet: Unsupervised Multi-View Stereo with Neural Renderingcited by 30
  37. 2023SurfelNeRF: Neural Surfel Radiance Fields for Online Photorealistic Reconstruction of Indoor Scenescited by 30
  38. 2025Decompositional Neural Scene Reconstruction with Generative Diffusion Priorcited by 30

50 most cited of 191 All 191 (JSON)