DNS SLAM: Dense Neural Semantic-Informed SLAM
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Abstract (arXiv)
In recent years, coordinate-based neural implicit representations have shown promising results for the task of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). While achieving impressive performance on small synthetic scenes, these methods often suffer from oversmoothed reconstructions, especially for complex real-world scenes. In this work, we introduce DNS SLAM, a novel neural RGB-D semantic SLAM approach featuring a hybrid representation. Relying only on 2D semantic priors, we propose the first semantic neural SLAM method that trains class-wise scene representations while providing stable camera tracking at the same time. Our method integrates multi-view geometry constraints with image-based feature extraction to improve appearance details and to output color, density, and semantic class information, enabling many downstream applications. To further enable real-time tracking, we introduce a lightweight coarse scene representation which is trained in a self-supervised manner in latent space. Our experimental results achieve state-of-the-art performance on both synthetic data and real-world data tracking while maintaining a commendable operational speed on off-the-shelf hardware. Further, our method outputs class-wise decomposed reconstructions with better texture capturing appearance and geometric details.
Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Nov 2023.
Builds on
43 of 55 references.
References · 43
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- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,177
- 2014Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentationcited by 4,859
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,723
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
- 2019DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representationcited by 2,689
- 2018Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Spacecited by 2,041
- 2020pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Imagescited by 1,584
- 2018Learning Implicit Fields for Generative Shape Modelingcited by 1,060
- 2015ORB-SLAM: a Versatile and Accurate Monocular SLAM Systemcited by 988
- 2019The Replica Dataset: A Digital Replica of Indoor Spacescited by 904
31 more
- 2019Differentiable Volumetric Rendering: Learning Implicit 3D Representations without 3D Supervisioncited by 700
- 2021DROID-SLAM: Deep Visual SLAM for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 687
- 2021KiloNeRF: Speeding up Neural Radiance Fields with Thousands of Tiny MLPscited by 673
- 2021UNISURF: Unifying Neural Implicit Surfaces and Radiance Fields for Multi-View Reconstructioncited by 646
- 2022Detecting Twenty-thousand Classes using Image-level Supervisioncited by 614
- 2021NICE-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scalable Encoding for SLAMcited by 589
- 2021iMAP: Implicit Mapping and Positioning in Real-Timecited by 476
- 2022MonoSDF: Exploring Monocular Geometric Cues for Neural Implicit Surface Reconstructioncited by 470
- 2021In-Place Scene Labelling and Understanding with Implicit Scene Representationcited by 415
- 2021NeRF in the Dark: High Dynamic Range View Synthesis from Noisy Raw Imagescited by 336
- 2021Neural RGB-D Surface Reconstructioncited by 313
- 2022Panoptic Neural Fields: A Semantic Object-Aware Neural Scene Representationcited by 243
- 2022NoPe-NeRF: Optimising Neural Radiance Field with No Pose Priorcited by 235
- 2020D3VO: Deep Depth, Deep Pose and Deep Uncertainty for Monocular Visual Odometrycited by 206
- 2018DeepV2D: Video to Depth with Differentiable Structure from Motioncited by 185
- 2023Co-SLAM: Joint Coordinate and Sparse Parametric Encodings for Neural Real-Time SLAMcited by 184
- 2023Point-SLAM: Dense Neural Point Cloud-based SLAMcited by 160
- 2022ESLAM: Efficient Dense SLAM System Based on Hybrid Representation of Signed Distance Fieldscited by 158
- 2018Neural Importance Samplingcited by 155
- 2018CodeSLAM - Learning a Compact, Optimisable Representation for Dense Visual SLAMcited by 152
- 2022Neural 3D Scene Reconstruction with the Manhattan-world Assumptioncited by 123
- 2016BundleFusion: Real-time Globally Consistent 3D Reconstruction using On-the-fly Surface Re-integrationcited by 116
- 2018DeepTAM: Deep Tracking and Mappingcited by 87
- 2020DI-Fusion: Online Implicit 3D Reconstruction with Deep Priorscited by 70
- 2023vMAP: Vectorised Object Mapping for Neural Field SLAMcited by 67
- 2020NodeSLAM: Neural Object Descriptors for Multi-View Shape Reconstructioncited by 61
- 2020RoutedFusion: Learning Real-time Depth Map Fusioncited by 52
- 2020NeuralFusion: Online Depth Fusion in Latent Spacecited by 46
- 2019SceneCode: Monocular Dense Semantic Reconstruction using Learned Encoded Scene Representationscited by 37
- 2023Neural Implicit Dense Semantic SLAMcited by 26
- 2023Learning Neural Implicit through Volume Rendering with Attentive Depth Fusion Priorscited by 11
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 9; 2025: 11; 2026: 3.
23 papers.
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- 2024SGS-SLAM: Semantic Gaussian Splatting For Neural Dense SLAMcited by 87
- 2024How NeRFs and 3D Gaussian Splatting are Reshaping SLAM: a Surveycited by 72
- 2025WildGS-SLAM: Monocular Gaussian Splatting SLAM in Dynamic Environmentscited by 50
- 2024SemGauss-SLAM: Dense Semantic Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 42
- 2024GlORIE-SLAM: Globally Optimized RGB-only Implicit Encoding Point Cloud SLAMcited by 36
- 2024HI-SLAM2: Geometry-Aware Gaussian SLAM for Fast Monocular Scene Reconstructioncited by 25
- 2024NEDS-SLAM: A Neural Explicit Dense Semantic SLAM Framework using 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 16
- 2024Hier-SLAM: Scaling-up Semantics in SLAM with a Hierarchically Categorical Gaussian Splattingcited by 15
- 2025OpenGS-SLAM: Open-Set Dense Semantic SLAM with 3D Gaussian Splatting for Object-Level Scene Understandingcited by 12
- 2024RGBDS-SLAM: A RGB-D Semantic Dense SLAM Based on 3D Multi Level Pyramid Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
- 2025GALA: Guided Attention with Language Alignment for Open Vocabulary Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
- 2025VIGS-SLAM: Visual Inertial Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 6
11 more
- 2025Understanding while Exploring: Semantics-driven Active Mappingcited by 5
- 2025EA3D: Online Open-World 3D Object Extraction from Streaming Videoscited by 4
- 2025OpenMonoGS-SLAM: Monocular Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Open-set Semanticscited by 4
- 2026GS3LAM: Gaussian Semantic Splatting SLAMcited by 4
- 2024PanoSLAM: Panoptic 3D Scene Reconstruction via Gaussian SLAMcited by 3
- 2025LEGO-SLAM: Language-Embedded Gaussian Optimization SLAMcited by 3
- 2025LEG-SLAM: Real-Time Language-Enhanced Gaussian Splatting for SLAMcited by 2
- 2025SING3R-SLAM: Submap-based Indoor Monocular Gaussian SLAM with 3D Reconstruction Priorscited by 2
- 2026LangGS-SLAM: Real-Time Language-Feature Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 1
- 2025Taming the Light: Illumination-Invariant Semantic 3DGS-SLAMcited by 0
- 2026Cube-Splat: High-Fidelity 360deg Gaussian Splatting SLAM via Cubemap Factorization and Adjoint-Consistent Optimizationcited by 0
- 2026Cube-Splat: High-Fidelity 360deg Gaussian Splatting SLAM via Cubemap Factorization and Adjoint-Consistent Optimization18 Sep 2026
- 2026GS3LAM: Gaussian Semantic Splatting SLAM29 Mar 2026
- 2026LangGS-SLAM: Real-Time Language-Feature Gaussian Splatting SLAM28 Jan 2026
- 2025OpenMonoGS-SLAM: Monocular Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Open-set Semantics9 Dec 2025
- 2025VIGS-SLAM: Visual Inertial Gaussian Splatting SLAM2 Dec 2025
- 2025Taming the Light: Illumination-Invariant Semantic 3DGS-SLAM28 Nov 2025
- 2025SING3R-SLAM: Submap-based Indoor Monocular Gaussian SLAM with 3D Reconstruction Priors21 Nov 2025
- 2025LEGO-SLAM: Language-Embedded Gaussian Optimization SLAM20 Nov 2025
- 2025EA3D: Online Open-World 3D Object Extraction from Streaming Videos29 Oct 2025
- 2025GALA: Guided Attention with Language Alignment for Open Vocabulary Gaussian Splatting19 Aug 2025
- 2025LEG-SLAM: Real-Time Language-Enhanced Gaussian Splatting for SLAM3 Jun 2025
- 2025Understanding while Exploring: Semantics-driven Active Mapping30 May 2025
11 more
- 2025WildGS-SLAM: Monocular Gaussian Splatting SLAM in Dynamic Environments4 Apr 2025
- 2025OpenGS-SLAM: Open-Set Dense Semantic SLAM with 3D Gaussian Splatting for Object-Level Scene Understanding3 Mar 2025
- 2024PanoSLAM: Panoptic 3D Scene Reconstruction via Gaussian SLAM31 Dec 2024
- 2024RGBDS-SLAM: A RGB-D Semantic Dense SLAM Based on 3D Multi Level Pyramid Gaussian Splatting2 Dec 2024
- 2024HI-SLAM2: Geometry-Aware Gaussian SLAM for Fast Monocular Scene Reconstruction27 Nov 2024
- 2024Hier-SLAM: Scaling-up Semantics in SLAM with a Hierarchically Categorical Gaussian Splatting19 Sep 2024
- 2024GlORIE-SLAM: Globally Optimized RGB-only Implicit Encoding Point Cloud SLAM28 Mar 2024
- 2024NEDS-SLAM: A Neural Explicit Dense Semantic SLAM Framework using 3D Gaussian Splatting18 Mar 2024
- 2024SemGauss-SLAM: Dense Semantic Gaussian Splatting SLAM12 Mar 2024
- 2024How NeRFs and 3D Gaussian Splatting are Reshaping SLAM: a Survey20 Feb 2024
- 2024SGS-SLAM: Semantic Gaussian Splatting For Neural Dense SLAM5 Feb 2024
- 2024SGS-SLAM: Semantic Gaussian Splatting For Neural Dense SLAMcited by 87
- 2024How NeRFs and 3D Gaussian Splatting are Reshaping SLAM: a Surveycited by 72
- 2025WildGS-SLAM: Monocular Gaussian Splatting SLAM in Dynamic Environmentscited by 50
- 2024SemGauss-SLAM: Dense Semantic Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 42
- 2024GlORIE-SLAM: Globally Optimized RGB-only Implicit Encoding Point Cloud SLAMcited by 36
- 2024HI-SLAM2: Geometry-Aware Gaussian SLAM for Fast Monocular Scene Reconstructioncited by 25
- 2024NEDS-SLAM: A Neural Explicit Dense Semantic SLAM Framework using 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 16
- 2024Hier-SLAM: Scaling-up Semantics in SLAM with a Hierarchically Categorical Gaussian Splattingcited by 15
- 2025OpenGS-SLAM: Open-Set Dense Semantic SLAM with 3D Gaussian Splatting for Object-Level Scene Understandingcited by 12
- 2024RGBDS-SLAM: A RGB-D Semantic Dense SLAM Based on 3D Multi Level Pyramid Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
- 2025GALA: Guided Attention with Language Alignment for Open Vocabulary Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
- 2025VIGS-SLAM: Visual Inertial Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 6
12 most cited of 23 All 23 (JSON)
- 2026Cube-Splat: High-Fidelity 360deg Gaussian Splatting SLAM via Cubemap Factorization and Adjoint-Consistent Optimization18 Sep 2026
- 2026GS3LAM: Gaussian Semantic Splatting SLAM29 Mar 2026
- 2026LangGS-SLAM: Real-Time Language-Feature Gaussian Splatting SLAM28 Jan 2026
- 2025OpenMonoGS-SLAM: Monocular Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Open-set Semantics9 Dec 2025
- 2025VIGS-SLAM: Visual Inertial Gaussian Splatting SLAM2 Dec 2025
- 2025Taming the Light: Illumination-Invariant Semantic 3DGS-SLAM28 Nov 2025
- 2025SING3R-SLAM: Submap-based Indoor Monocular Gaussian SLAM with 3D Reconstruction Priors21 Nov 2025
- 2025LEGO-SLAM: Language-Embedded Gaussian Optimization SLAM20 Nov 2025
- 2025EA3D: Online Open-World 3D Object Extraction from Streaming Videos29 Oct 2025
- 2025GALA: Guided Attention with Language Alignment for Open Vocabulary Gaussian Splatting19 Aug 2025
- 2025LEG-SLAM: Real-Time Language-Enhanced Gaussian Splatting for SLAM3 Jun 2025
- 2025Understanding while Exploring: Semantics-driven Active Mapping30 May 2025
12 newest of 23 All 23 (JSON)