iSDF: Real-Time Neural Signed Distance Fields for Robot Perception
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We present iSDF, a continual learning system for real-time signed distance field (SDF) reconstruction. Given a stream of posed depth images from a moving camera, it trains a randomly initialised neural network to map input 3D coordinate to approximate signed distance. The model is self-supervised by minimising a loss that bounds the predicted signed distance using the distance to the closest sampled point in a batch of query points that are actively sampled. In contrast to prior work based on voxel grids, our neural method is able to provide adaptive levels of detail with plausible filling in of partially observed regions and denoising of observations, all while having a more compact representation. In evaluations against alternative methods on real and synthetic datasets of indoor environments, we find that iSDF produces more accurate reconstructions, and better approximations of collision costs and gradients useful for downstream planners in domains from navigation to manipulation. Code and video results can be found at our project page: https://joeaortiz.github.io/iSDF/ .
Key facts. Cited by 107 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Apr 2022.
Builds on
29 of 43 references.
References · 29
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
- 2019DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representationcited by 2,682
- 2020Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functionscited by 2,214
- 2018Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Spacecited by 2,037
- 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,013
- 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,701
- 2020Implicit Geometric Regularization for Learning Shapescited by 707
- 2021NICE-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scalable Encoding for SLAMcited by 586
- 2021Habitat 2.0: Training Home Assistants to Rearrange their Habitatcited by 501
- 2021iMAP: Implicit Mapping and Positioning in Real-Timecited by 476
- 2019SAL: Sign Agnostic Learning of Shapes from Raw Datacited by 389
- 2021Neural RGB-D Surface Reconstructioncited by 312
17 more
- 2019DIST: Rendering Deep Implicit Signed Distance Function with Differentiable Sphere Tracingcited by 179
- 2019SDFDiff: Differentiable Rendering of Signed Distance Fields for 3D Shape Optimizationcited by 159
- 2021Vision-Only Robot Navigation in a Neural Radiance Worldcited by 153
- 2022Ditto: Building Digital Twins of Articulated Objects from Interactioncited by 152
- 2016Voxblox: Incremental 3D Euclidean Signed Distance Fields for On-Board MAV Planningcited by 148
- 2020SALD: Sign Agnostic Learning with Derivativescited by 115
- 2021Learning Signed Distance Field for Multi-view Surface Reconstructioncited by 76
- 2017Continuous-Time Gaussian Process Motion Planning via Probabilistic Inferencecited by 49
- 2019FIESTA: Fast Incremental Euclidean Distance Fields for Online Motion Planning of Aerial Robotscited by 30
- 2021Continual Neural Mapping: Learning An Implicit Scene Representation from Sequential Observationscited by 30
- 2021Learning Models as Functionals of Signed-Distance Fields for Manipulation Planningcited by 29
- 2020Voxgraph: Globally Consistent, Volumetric Mapping using Signed Distance Function Submapscited by 26
- 2021Differentiable Spatial Planning using Transformerscited by 25
- 2022VIRDO: Visio-tactile Implicit Representations of Deformable Objectscited by 25
- 2019Learning-Based Proxy Collision Detection for Robot Motion Planning Applicationscited by 17
- 2020Predicted Composite Signed-Distance Fields for Real-Time Motion Planning in Dynamic Environmentscited by 6
- 2022Configuration Space Decomposition for Scalable Proxy Collision Checking in Robot Planning and Controlcited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 17; 2023: 30; 2024: 33; 2025: 13; 2026: 14.
107 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023SplaTAM: Splat, Track & Map 3D Gaussians for Dense RGB-D SLAMcited by 386
- 2022CLIP-Fields: Weakly Supervised Semantic Fields for Robotic Memorycited by 164
- 2023NICER-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scene Encoding for RGB SLAMcited by 162
- 2023Point-SLAM: Dense Neural Point Cloud-based SLAMcited by 160
- 2022ESLAM: Efficient Dense SLAM System Based on Hybrid Representation of Signed Distance Fieldscited by 158
- 2023Gaussian-SLAM: Photo-realistic Dense SLAM with Gaussian Splattingcited by 152
- 2023GO-SLAM: Global Optimization for Consistent 3D Instant Reconstructioncited by 132
- 2022SE(3)-DiffusionFields: Learning smooth cost functions for joint grasp and motion optimization through diffusioncited by 125
- 2024Splat-SLAM: Globally Optimized RGB-only SLAM with 3D Gaussianscited by 64
- 2022GO-Surf: Neural Feature Grid Optimization for Fast, High-Fidelity RGB-D Surface Reconstructioncited by 61
- 2023PonderV2: Pave the Way for 3D Foundation Model with A Universal Pre-training Paradigmcited by 56
- 2023NeO 360: Neural Fields for Sparse View Synthesis of Outdoor Scenescited by 53
38 more
- 2022Ponder: Point Cloud Pre-training via Neural Renderingcited by 50
- 2024Loopy-SLAM: Dense Neural SLAM with Loop Closurescited by 48
- 2022SHINE-Mapping: Large-Scale 3D Mapping Using Sparse Hierarchical Implicit Neural Representationscited by 44
- 2024PIN-SLAM: LiDAR SLAM Using a Point-Based Implicit Neural Representation for Achieving Global Map Consistencycited by 42
- 2023NeRF-LOAM: Neural Implicit Representation for Large-Scale Incremental LiDAR Odometry and Mappingcited by 41
- 2024GenNBV: Generalizable Next-Best-View Policy for Active 3D Reconstructioncited by 39
- 2024GlORIE-SLAM: Globally Optimized RGB-only Implicit Encoding Point Cloud SLAMcited by 36
- 2023INCODE: Implicit Neural Conditioning with Prior Knowledge Embeddingscited by 31
- 2024Learning Generalizable Feature Fields for Mobile Manipulationcited by 31
- 2023Multi-Modal Neural Radiance Field for Monocular Dense SLAM with a Light-Weight ToF Sensorcited by 30
- 2023Active Neural Mappingcited by 30
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Modelscited by 29
- 2023Neural feels with neural fields: Visuo-tactile perception for in-hand manipulationcited by 28
- 2024SPA: 3D Spatial-Awareness Enables Effective Embodied Representationcited by 28
- 2023MIPS-Fusion: Multi-Implicit-Submaps for Scalable and Robust Online Neural RGB-D Reconstructioncited by 24
- 2022NTFields: Neural Time Fields for Physics-Informed Robot Motion Planningcited by 22
- 2022Multi-Object Navigation with dynamically learned neural implicit representationscited by 21
- 2023Local Neural Descriptor Fields: Locally Conditioned Object Representations for Manipulationcited by 21
- 2023Deep Learning for Camera Calibration and Beyond: A Surveycited by 20
- 2024MoD-SLAM: Monocular Dense Mapping for Unbounded 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 18
- 2024Towards 3D Vision with Low-Cost Single-Photon Camerascited by 15
- 2022IR-MCL: Implicit Representation-Based Online Global Localizationcited by 14
- 2022Neural Contact Fields: Tracking Extrinsic Contact with Tactile Sensingcited by 13
- 2022Rotation-Equivariant Conditional Spherical Neural Fields for Learning a Natural Illumination Priorcited by 12
- 2024Learning rigid-body simulators over implicit shapes for large-scale scenes and visioncited by 12
- 2025Neural Radiance Fields for the Real World: A Surveycited by 12
- 2023Learning Neural Implicit through Volume Rendering with Attentive Depth Fusion Priorscited by 11
- 2024TCLC-GS: Tightly Coupled LiDAR-Camera Gaussian Splatting for Autonomous Drivingcited by 11
- 2022RGB-Only Reconstruction of Tabletop Scenes for Collision-Free Manipulator Controlcited by 10
- 2023NeuSE: Neural SE(3)-Equivariant Embedding for Consistent Spatial Understanding with Objectscited by 10
- 20246DOPE-GS: Online 6D Object Pose Estimation using Gaussian Splattingcited by 10
- 2025GLEAM: Learning Generalizable Exploration Policy for Active Mapping in Complex 3D Indoor Scenescited by 10
- 2025PINGS: Gaussian Splatting Meets Distance Fields within a Point-Based Implicit Neural Mapcited by 9
- 20243D LiDAR Mapping in Dynamic Environments Using a 4D Implicit Neural Representationcited by 8
- 2025GS-SDF: LiDAR-Augmented Gaussian Splatting and Neural SDF for Geometrically Consistent Rendering and Reconstructioncited by 8
- 2022City-scale Incremental Neural Mapping with Three-layer Sampling and Panoptic Representationcited by 7
- 2023USA-Net: Unified Semantic and Affordance Representations for Robot Memorycited by 7
- 2023Structural Concept Learning via Graph Attention for Multi-Level Rearrangement Planningcited by 7
50 most cited of 107 All 107 (JSON)
- 2026HIGS: Hierarchical Implicit Grids for Joint Geometric and Semantic Scene Understanding29 Sep 2026
- 2026φ-RIE: From Photorealistic Reconstruction to Interactive Environments22 Sep 2026
- 2026Diagnosing and Dynamically Filtering Occupancy World Models for Active Mapping6 Sep 2026
- 2026CHOW-SLAM: Compact Hybrid Representation with Complementary Overlap Window Optimization for RGB-D SLAM3 Aug 2026
- 2026From Distances to Trajectories: Real-Time Signed Distance Function Mapping and Distance-Accelerated Motion Planning for UAVs21 Jul 2026
- 2026From Perception to Assistance: Open-Vocabulary Shared Autonomy for Robotic Manipulation19 Jul 2026
- 2026Continual Learning as a Multiphase Moving-Boundary Problem1 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning Structural Latent Points for Efficient Visual Representations in Robotic Manipulation20 May 2026
- 2026LAPS: Improving Incremental LiDAR Mapping using Active Pooling and Sampling for Neural Distance Fields15 May 2026
- 2026Can Explicit Physical Feasibility Benefit VLA Learning? An Empirical Study20 Apr 2026
- 2026G-EDF-Loc: 3D Continuous Gaussian Distance Field for Robust Gradient-Based 6DoF Localization6 Apr 2026
- 2026FluidGaussian: Propagating Simulation-Based Uncertainty Toward Functionally-Intelligent 3D Reconstruction22 Mar 2026
38 more
- 2026GSO-SLAM: Bidirectionally Coupled Gaussian Splatting and Direct Visual Odometry12 Feb 2026
- 2026EUGens: Efficient, Unified, and General Dense Layers30 Jan 2026
- 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Models3 Dec 2025
- 2025PCARNN-DCBF: Minimal-Intervention Geofence Enforcement for Ground Vehicles19 Nov 2025
- 2025OREN: Octree Residual Network for Real-Time Euclidean Signed Distance Mapping21 Oct 2025
- 2025Leveraging 2D Priors and SDF Guidance for Dynamic Urban Scene Rendering15 Oct 2025
- 2025Efficient Construction of Implicit Surface Models From a Single Image for Motion Generation25 Sep 2025
- 2025GLEAM: Learning Generalizable Exploration Policy for Active Mapping in Complex 3D Indoor Scenes26 May 2025
- 2025GauS-SLAM: Dense RGB-D SLAM with Gaussian Surfels3 May 2025
- 2025Diffeomorphic Obstacle Avoidance for Contractive Dynamical Systems via Implicit Representations26 Apr 2025
- 2025Deblur Gaussian Splatting SLAM16 Mar 2025
- 2025GS-SDF: LiDAR-Augmented Gaussian Splatting and Neural SDF for Geometrically Consistent Rendering and Reconstruction13 Mar 2025
- 2025PINGS: Gaussian Splatting Meets Distance Fields within a Point-Based Implicit Neural Map9 Feb 2025
- 2025Neural Radiance Fields for the Real World: A Survey22 Jan 2025
- 2025LiLMaps: Learnable Implicit Language Maps6 Jan 2025
- 2024CCNDF: Curvature Constrained Neural Distance Fields from 3D LiDAR Sequences20 Dec 2024
- 20246DOPE-GS: Online 6D Object Pose Estimation using Gaussian Splatting2 Dec 2024
- 2024SplatSDF: Boosting SDF-NeRF via Architecture-Level Fusion with Gaussian Splats23 Nov 2024
- 2024Shallow Signed Distance Functions for Kinematic Collision Bodies11 Nov 2024
- 2024LCP-Fusion: A Neural Implicit SLAM with Enhanced Local Constraints and Computable Prior6 Nov 2024
- 2024EUGens: Efficient, Unified, and General Dense Layers13 Oct 2024
- 2024SPA: 3D Spatial-Awareness Enables Effective Embodied Representation10 Oct 2024
- 2024Distributed NeRF Learning for Collaborative Multi-Robot Perception30 Sep 2024
- 2024SL2A-INR: Single-Layer Learnable Activation for Implicit Neural Representation17 Sep 2024
- 2024Neural Surface Reconstruction and Rendering for LiDAR-Visual Systems9 Sep 2024
- 2024Decomposition of Neural Discrete Representations for Large-Scale 3D Mapping22 Jul 2024
- 2024Learn to Memorize and to Forget: A Continual Learning Perspective of Dynamic SLAM18 Jul 2024
- 2024I2-SLAM: Inverting Imaging Process for Robust Photorealistic Dense SLAM16 Jul 2024
- 2024ReFiNe: Recursive Field Networks for Cross-modal Multi-scene Representation6 Jun 2024
- 2024Splat-SLAM: Globally Optimized RGB-only SLAM with 3D Gaussians26 May 2024
- 2024Learning rigid-body simulators over implicit shapes for large-scale scenes and vision22 May 2024
- 20243D LiDAR Mapping in Dynamic Environments Using a 4D Implicit Neural Representation6 May 2024
- 2024NC-SDF: Enhancing Indoor Scene Reconstruction Using Neural SDFs with View-Dependent Normal Compensation1 May 2024
- 2024HVOFusion: Incremental Mesh Reconstruction Using Hybrid Voxel Octree27 Apr 2024
- 20246Img-to-3D: Few-Image Large-Scale Outdoor Driving Scene Reconstruction18 Apr 2024
- 2024MonoSelfRecon: Purely Self-Supervised Explicit Generalizable 3D Reconstruction of Indoor Scenes from Monocular RGB Views10 Apr 2024
- 2024LGSDF: Continual Global Learning of Signed Distance Fields Aided by Local Updating8 Apr 2024
- 2024Behind the Veil: Enhanced Indoor 3D Scene Reconstruction with Occluded Surfaces Completion3 Apr 2024
50 newest of 107 All 107 (JSON)
- 2023SplaTAM: Splat, Track & Map 3D Gaussians for Dense RGB-D SLAMcited by 386
- 2022CLIP-Fields: Weakly Supervised Semantic Fields for Robotic Memorycited by 164
- 2023NICER-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scene Encoding for RGB SLAMcited by 162
- 2023Point-SLAM: Dense Neural Point Cloud-based SLAMcited by 160
- 2022ESLAM: Efficient Dense SLAM System Based on Hybrid Representation of Signed Distance Fieldscited by 158
- 2023Gaussian-SLAM: Photo-realistic Dense SLAM with Gaussian Splattingcited by 152
- 2023GO-SLAM: Global Optimization for Consistent 3D Instant Reconstructioncited by 132
- 2024Splat-SLAM: Globally Optimized RGB-only SLAM with 3D Gaussianscited by 64
- 2022GO-Surf: Neural Feature Grid Optimization for Fast, High-Fidelity RGB-D Surface Reconstructioncited by 61
- 2023PonderV2: Pave the Way for 3D Foundation Model with A Universal Pre-training Paradigmcited by 56
- 2023NeO 360: Neural Fields for Sparse View Synthesis of Outdoor Scenescited by 53
- 2022Ponder: Point Cloud Pre-training via Neural Renderingcited by 50
12 most cited of 103 All 103 (JSON)
- 2026HIGS: Hierarchical Implicit Grids for Joint Geometric and Semantic Scene Understanding29 Sep 2026
- 2026φ-RIE: From Photorealistic Reconstruction to Interactive Environments22 Sep 2026
- 2026CHOW-SLAM: Compact Hybrid Representation with Complementary Overlap Window Optimization for RGB-D SLAM3 Aug 2026
- 2026From Distances to Trajectories: Real-Time Signed Distance Function Mapping and Distance-Accelerated Motion Planning for UAVs21 Jul 2026
- 2026From Perception to Assistance: Open-Vocabulary Shared Autonomy for Robotic Manipulation19 Jul 2026
- 2026Continual Learning as a Multiphase Moving-Boundary Problem1 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning Structural Latent Points for Efficient Visual Representations in Robotic Manipulation20 May 2026
- 2026LAPS: Improving Incremental LiDAR Mapping using Active Pooling and Sampling for Neural Distance Fields15 May 2026
- 2026G-EDF-Loc: 3D Continuous Gaussian Distance Field for Robust Gradient-Based 6DoF Localization6 Apr 2026
- 2026FluidGaussian: Propagating Simulation-Based Uncertainty Toward Functionally-Intelligent 3D Reconstruction22 Mar 2026
- 2026GSO-SLAM: Bidirectionally Coupled Gaussian Splatting and Direct Visual Odometry12 Feb 2026
- 2026EUGens: Efficient, Unified, and General Dense Layers30 Jan 2026
12 newest of 103 All 103 (JSON)