Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting For Dense Visual SLAM
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent work has shown that 3D Gaussian-based SLAM enables high-quality reconstruction, accurate pose estimation, and real-time rendering of scenes. However, these approaches are built on a tremendous number of redundant 3D Gaussian ellipsoids, leading to high memory and storage costs, and slow training speed. To address the limitation, we propose a compact 3D Gaussian Splatting SLAM system that reduces the number and the parameter size of Gaussian ellipsoids. A sliding window-based masking strategy is first proposed to reduce the redundant ellipsoids. Then we observe that the covariance matrix (geometry) of most 3D Gaussian ellipsoids are extremely similar, which motivates a novel geometry codebook to compress 3D Gaussian geometric attributes, i.e., the parameters. Robust and accurate pose estimation is achieved by a global bundle adjustment method with reprojection loss. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves faster training and rendering speed while maintaining the state-of-the-art (SOTA) quality of the scene representation.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Mar 2024.
Builds on
37 of 56 references.
References · 37
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
- 2020RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flowcited by 2,385
- 2013Estimating or Propagating Gradients Through Stochastic Neurons for Conditional Computationcited by 2,031
- 2015ORB-SLAM: a Versatile and Accurate Monocular SLAM Systemcited by 983
- 2019The Replica Dataset: A Digital Replica of Indoor Spacescited by 885
- 2016ORB-SLAM2: an Open-Source SLAM System for Monocular, Stereo and RGB-D Camerascited by 801
- 2021SoundStream: An End-to-End Neural Audio Codeccited by 756
- 2023Scaffold-GS: Structured 3D Gaussians for View-Adaptive Renderingcited by 684
- 2021DROID-SLAM: Deep Visual SLAM for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 673
- 2021NICE-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scalable Encoding for SLAMcited by 586
- 2021iMAP: Implicit Mapping and Positioning in Real-Timecited by 476
25 more
- 2023LightGaussian: Unbounded 3D Gaussian Compression with 15x Reduction and 200+ FPScited by 420
- 2023Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 410
- 2016Past, Present, and Future of Simultaneous Localization And Mapping: Towards the Robust-Perception Agecited by 405
- 2023SplaTAM: Splat, Track & Map 3D Gaussians for Dense RGB-D SLAMcited by 386
- 2023Compact 3D Gaussian Representation for Radiance Fieldcited by 365
- 2023GS-SLAM: Dense Visual SLAM with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 278
- 2022Deep Patch Visual Odometrycited by 186
- 2023Co-SLAM: Joint Coordinate and Sparse Parametric Encodings for Neural Real-Time SLAMcited by 183
- 2023Point-SLAM: Dense Neural Point Cloud-based SLAMcited by 160
- 2022ESLAM: Efficient Dense SLAM System Based on Hybrid Representation of Signed Distance Fieldscited by 158
- 2023Gaussian-SLAM: Photo-realistic Dense SLAM with Gaussian Splattingcited by 152
- 2018CodeSLAM - Learning a Compact, Optimisable Representation for Dense Visual SLAMcited by 151
- 2022Vox-Fusion: Dense Tracking and Mapping with Voxel-based Neural Implicit Representationcited by 149
- 2023Compact 3D Scene Representation via Self-Organizing Gaussian Gridscited by 147
- 2023Photo-SLAM: Real-time Simultaneous Localization and Photorealistic Mapping for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 139
- 2023GO-SLAM: Global Optimization for Consistent 3D Instant Reconstructioncited by 132
- 2024FMGS: Foundation Model Embedded 3D Gaussian Splatting for Holistic 3D Scene Understandingcited by 86
- 2024SGS-SLAM: Semantic Gaussian Splatting For Neural Dense SLAMcited by 86
- 2023SNI-SLAM: Semantic Neural Implicit SLAMcited by 64
- 2023PLGSLAM: Progressive Neural Scene Represenation with Local to Global Bundle Adjustmentcited by 62
- 2024Loopy-SLAM: Dense Neural SLAM with Loop Closurescited by 48
- 2024SemGauss-SLAM: Dense Semantic Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 41
- 2023A Survey on Global LiDAR Localization: Challenges, Advances and Open Problemscited by 40
- 2023HSCNet++: Hierarchical Scene Coordinate Classification and Regression for Visual Localization with Transformercited by 26
- 20224Seasons: Benchmarking Visual SLAM and Long-Term Localization for Autonomous Driving in Challenging Conditionscited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 9; 2026: 14.
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- 2025UAVScenes: A Multi-Modal Dataset for UAVscited by 26
- 2026LiveEdit: Towards Real-Time Diffusion-Based Streaming Video Editingcited by 15
- 2025DenseSplat: Densifying Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Neural Radiance Priorcited by 14
- 2025Online Language Splattingcited by 10
- 2025Digital Twin Generation from Visual Data: A Surveycited by 7
- 2024NFL-BA: Near-Field Light Bundle Adjustment for SLAM in Dynamic Lightingcited by 4
- 2025ContraGS: Codebook-Condensed and Trainable Gaussian Splatting for Fast, Memory-Efficient Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2026Mamba-VGGT: Persistent Long-Sequence Video Geometry Grounded Transformer via External Sliding Window Mamba Memorycited by 3
- 2025PCR-GS: COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting via Pose Co-Regularizationscited by 2
- 2026GSO-SLAM: Bidirectionally Coupled Gaussian Splatting and Direct Visual Odometrycited by 2
- 2026RegFormer++: An Efficient Large-Scale 3D LiDAR Point Registration Network with Projection-Aware 2D Transformercited by 2
- 2026NanoGS: Training-Free Gaussian Splat Simplificationcited by 2
12 more
- 2025A Constrained Optimization Approach for Gaussian Splatting from Coarsely-posed Images and Noisy Lidar Point Cloudscited by 1
- 2025A-TDOM: Active TDOM via On-the-Fly 3DGScited by 1
- 2026VGGT-Occ: Geometry-Grounded and Density-Aware Gated Fusion for 3D Occupancy Predictioncited by 1
- 2026MSEditor: Toward Consistent Multi-Shot Video Editingcited by 1
- 2025SuperQuadricOcc: Real-Time Self-Supervised Semantic Occupancy Estimation with Superquadric Volume Renderingcited by 0
- 2026DINO-VO: Learning Where to Focus for Enhanced State Estimationcited by 0
- 2026GaussLite: Online Task-Conditioned 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Robotic Mappingcited by 0
- 2026UniSpine-GS: An Efficient Physics-Aware Gaussian Framework for Cross-Modality Multi-view Spine Image Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026MagicPrompt: Ultra-Lightweight Prompt Tuning for Video Generationcited by 0
- 2026RoGS: Adaptive Meshgrid Gaussian for Large-Scale Road Surface Mappingcited by 0
- 2026AquaFlow: A Monocular Gaussian Splatting SLAM for Underwater Streaming Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026Adaptive World Memory 3D Foundation Model for Scalable 3D Mapping, Localization, and Renderingcited by 0
- 2026Adaptive World Memory 3D Foundation Model for Scalable 3D Mapping, Localization, and Rendering18 Sep 2026
- 2026AquaFlow: A Monocular Gaussian Splatting SLAM for Underwater Streaming Reconstruction24 Aug 2026
- 2026MSEditor: Toward Consistent Multi-Shot Video Editing18 Aug 2026
- 2026RoGS: Adaptive Meshgrid Gaussian for Large-Scale Road Surface Mapping16 Jul 2026
- 2026MagicPrompt: Ultra-Lightweight Prompt Tuning for Video Generation16 Jul 2026
- 2026UniSpine-GS: An Efficient Physics-Aware Gaussian Framework for Cross-Modality Multi-view Spine Image Synthesis6 Jul 2026
- 2026GaussLite: Online Task-Conditioned 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Robotic Mapping29 Jun 2026
- 2026LiveEdit: Towards Real-Time Diffusion-Based Streaming Video Editing25 Jun 2026
- 2026Mamba-VGGT: Persistent Long-Sequence Video Geometry Grounded Transformer via External Sliding Window Mamba Memory17 May 2026
- 2026VGGT-Occ: Geometry-Grounded and Density-Aware Gated Fusion for 3D Occupancy Prediction16 May 2026
- 2026DINO-VO: Learning Where to Focus for Enhanced State Estimation5 Apr 2026
- 2026NanoGS: Training-Free Gaussian Splat Simplification17 Mar 2026
12 more
- 2026RegFormer++: An Efficient Large-Scale 3D LiDAR Point Registration Network with Projection-Aware 2D Transformer15 Mar 2026
- 2026GSO-SLAM: Bidirectionally Coupled Gaussian Splatting and Direct Visual Odometry12 Feb 2026
- 2025SuperQuadricOcc: Real-Time Self-Supervised Semantic Occupancy Estimation with Superquadric Volume Rendering21 Nov 2025
- 2025A-TDOM: Active TDOM via On-the-Fly 3DGS16 Sep 2025
- 2025ContraGS: Codebook-Condensed and Trainable Gaussian Splatting for Fast, Memory-Efficient Reconstruction3 Sep 2025
- 2025UAVScenes: A Multi-Modal Dataset for UAVs30 Jul 2025
- 2025PCR-GS: COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting via Pose Co-Regularizations18 Jul 2025
- 2025Digital Twin Generation from Visual Data: A Survey17 Apr 2025
- 2025A Constrained Optimization Approach for Gaussian Splatting from Coarsely-posed Images and Noisy Lidar Point Clouds12 Apr 2025
- 2025Online Language Splatting12 Mar 2025
- 2025DenseSplat: Densifying Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Neural Radiance Prior13 Feb 2025
- 2024NFL-BA: Near-Field Light Bundle Adjustment for SLAM in Dynamic Lighting17 Dec 2024
- 2025UAVScenes: A Multi-Modal Dataset for UAVscited by 26
- 2026LiveEdit: Towards Real-Time Diffusion-Based Streaming Video Editingcited by 15
- 2025DenseSplat: Densifying Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Neural Radiance Priorcited by 14
- 2025Online Language Splattingcited by 10
- 2025Digital Twin Generation from Visual Data: A Surveycited by 7
- 2024NFL-BA: Near-Field Light Bundle Adjustment for SLAM in Dynamic Lightingcited by 4
- 2025ContraGS: Codebook-Condensed and Trainable Gaussian Splatting for Fast, Memory-Efficient Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2025PCR-GS: COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting via Pose Co-Regularizationscited by 2
- 2026GSO-SLAM: Bidirectionally Coupled Gaussian Splatting and Direct Visual Odometrycited by 2
- 2026RegFormer++: An Efficient Large-Scale 3D LiDAR Point Registration Network with Projection-Aware 2D Transformercited by 2
- 2026NanoGS: Training-Free Gaussian Splat Simplificationcited by 2
- 2025A Constrained Optimization Approach for Gaussian Splatting from Coarsely-posed Images and Noisy Lidar Point Cloudscited by 1
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026AquaFlow: A Monocular Gaussian Splatting SLAM for Underwater Streaming Reconstruction24 Aug 2026
- 2026MSEditor: Toward Consistent Multi-Shot Video Editing18 Aug 2026
- 2026RoGS: Adaptive Meshgrid Gaussian for Large-Scale Road Surface Mapping16 Jul 2026
- 2026UniSpine-GS: An Efficient Physics-Aware Gaussian Framework for Cross-Modality Multi-view Spine Image Synthesis6 Jul 2026
- 2026GaussLite: Online Task-Conditioned 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Robotic Mapping29 Jun 2026
- 2026LiveEdit: Towards Real-Time Diffusion-Based Streaming Video Editing25 Jun 2026
- 2026VGGT-Occ: Geometry-Grounded and Density-Aware Gated Fusion for 3D Occupancy Prediction16 May 2026
- 2026DINO-VO: Learning Where to Focus for Enhanced State Estimation5 Apr 2026
- 2026NanoGS: Training-Free Gaussian Splat Simplification17 Mar 2026
- 2026RegFormer++: An Efficient Large-Scale 3D LiDAR Point Registration Network with Projection-Aware 2D Transformer15 Mar 2026
- 2026GSO-SLAM: Bidirectionally Coupled Gaussian Splatting and Direct Visual Odometry12 Feb 2026
- 2025SuperQuadricOcc: Real-Time Self-Supervised Semantic Occupancy Estimation with Superquadric Volume Rendering21 Nov 2025
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)