NPMs: Neural Parametric Models for 3D Deformable Shapes
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Parametric 3D models have enabled a wide variety of tasks in computer graphics and vision, such as modeling human bodies, faces, and hands. However, the construction of these parametric models is often tedious, as it requires heavy manual tweaking, and they struggle to represent additional complexity and details such as wrinkles or clothing. To this end, we propose Neural Parametric Models (NPMs), a novel, learned alternative to traditional, parametric 3D models, which does not require hand-crafted, object-specific constraints. In particular, we learn to disentangle 4D dynamics into latent-space representations of shape and pose, leveraging the flexibility of recent developments in learned implicit functions. Crucially, once learned, our neural parametric models of shape and pose enable optimization over the learned spaces to fit to new observations, similar to the fitting of a traditional parametric model, e.g., SMPL. This enables NPMs to achieve a significantly more accurate and detailed representation of observed deformable sequences. We show that NPMs improve notably over both parametric and non-parametric state of the art in reconstruction and tracking of monocular depth sequences of clothed humans and hands. Latent-space interpolation as well as shape/pose transfer experiments further demonstrate the usefulness of NPMs. Code is publicly available at https://pablopalafox.github.io/npms.
Key facts. Cited by 89 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Apr 2021.
Builds on
29 of 54 references.
References · 29
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2019DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representationcited by 2,682
- 2018Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Spacecited by 2,037
- 2019AMASS: Archive of Motion Capture as Surface Shapescited by 1,208
- 2018OpenPose: Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation using Part Affinity Fieldscited by 1,161
- 2018Learning Implicit Fields for Generative Shape Modelingcited by 1,060
- 2016A Point Set Generation Network for 3D Object Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 972
- 2018Pixel2Mesh: Generating 3D Mesh Models from Single RGB Imagescited by 649
- 20163D-R2N2: A Unified Approach for Single and Multi-view 3D Object Reconstructioncited by 587
- 2016Weight Normalization: A Simple Reparameterization to Accelerate Training of Deep Neural Networkscited by 541
- 2020Implicit Functions in Feature Space for 3D Shape Reconstruction and Completioncited by 343
- 20163D Menagerie: Modeling the 3D shape and pose of animalscited by 310
17 more
- 2019Multi-Garment Net: Learning to Dress 3D People from Imagescited by 244
- 2019Learning Shape Templates with Structured Implicit Functionscited by 242
- 2018Total Capture: A 3D Deformation Model for Tracking Faces, Hands, and Bodiescited by 239
- 2016Shape Completion using 3D-Encoder-Predictor CNNs and Shape Synthesiscited by 219
- 2019Learning to Reconstruct People in Clothing from a Single RGB Cameracited by 168
- 20183D-CODED : 3D Correspondences by Deep Deformationcited by 160
- 2020Combining Implicit Function Learning and Parametric Models for 3D Human Reconstructioncited by 133
- 2016BundleFusion: Real-time Globally Consistent 3D Reconstruction using On-the-fly Surface Re-integrationcited by 116
- 2020SIZER: A Dataset and Model for Parsing 3D Clothing and Learning Size Sensitive 3D Clothingcited by 87
- 2019DeepDeform: Learning Non-rigid RGB-D Reconstruction with Semi-supervised Datacited by 76
- 2019360-Degree Textures of People in Clothing from a Single Imagecited by 75
- 2020Neural Deformation Graphs for Globally-consistent Non-rigid Reconstructioncited by 66
- 2020Unsupervised Shape and Pose Disentanglement for 3D Meshescited by 61
- 2019Deep Level Sets: Implicit Surface Representations for 3D Shape Inferencecited by 52
- 2019Combining 3D Morphable Models: A Large scale Face-and-Head Modelcited by 49
- 2020Neural Non-Rigid Trackingcited by 49
- 2020Learning to Optimize Non-Rigid Trackingcited by 16
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 29; 2023: 24; 2024: 18; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.
89 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 539
- 2022InstantAvatar: Learning Avatars from Monocular Video in 60 Secondscited by 138
- 2022Semantic-Aware Implicit Neural Audio-Driven Video Portrait Generationcited by 119
- 2021A-SDF: Learning Disentangled Signed Distance Functions for Articulated Shape Representationcited by 113
- 2022EVA3D: Compositional 3D Human Generation from 2D Image Collectionscited by 111
- 2023TeCH: Text-guided Reconstruction of Lifelike Clothed Humanscited by 104
- 2021The Power of Points for Modeling Humans in Clothingcited by 90
- 2021MetaAvatar: Learning Animatable Clothed Human Models from Few Depth Imagescited by 78
- 2022Learning Neural Parametric Head Modelscited by 73
- 2022gDNA: Towards Generative Detailed Neural Avatarscited by 72
- 2023HiFi4G: High-Fidelity Human Performance Rendering via Compact Gaussian Splattingcited by 68
- 2022LISA: Learning Implicit Shape and Appearance of Handscited by 63
38 more
- 2022Drivable Volumetric Avatars using Texel-Aligned Featurescited by 62
- 2023Neural Parametric Gaussians for Monocular Non-Rigid Object Reconstructioncited by 60
- 2022COAP: Compositional Articulated Occupancy of Peoplecited by 59
- 2022CaDeX: Learning Canonical Deformation Coordinate Space for Dynamic Surface Representation via Neural Homeomorphismcited by 56
- 2022Fast-SNARF: A Fast Deformer for Articulated Neural Fieldscited by 55
- 2023AG3D: Learning to Generate 3D Avatars from 2D Image Collectionscited by 55
- 2023Learning Locally Editable Virtual Humanscited by 54
- 2022Self-supervised Neural Articulated Shape and Appearance Modelscited by 51
- 2021Dynamic Surface Function Networks for Clothed Human Bodiescited by 44
- 2022CLIP-Actor: Text-Driven Recommendation and Stylization for Animating Human Meshescited by 41
- 2022Topology-Preserving Shape Reconstruction and Registration via Neural Diffeomorphic Flowcited by 38
- 2023Dynamic Point Fieldscited by 37
- 2022CASA: Category-agnostic Skeletal Animal Reconstructioncited by 35
- 2023MonoNPHM: Dynamic Head Reconstruction from Monocular Videoscited by 35
- 2023Learning Clothing and Pose Invariant 3D Shape Representation for Long-Term Person Re-Identificationcited by 34
- 2021HVTR: Hybrid Volumetric-Textural Rendering for Human Avatarscited by 33
- 2022SPAMs: Structured Implicit Parametric Modelscited by 29
- 2022Neural Point-based Shape Modeling of Humans in Challenging Clothingcited by 29
- 2024Recent Trends in 3D Reconstruction of General Non-Rigid Scenescited by 28
- 2024Motion2VecSets: 4D Latent Vector Set Diffusion for Non-rigid Shape Reconstruction and Trackingcited by 27
- 2022Neural Shape Deformation Priorscited by 26
- 2024Uni3D-LLM: Unifying Point Cloud Perception, Generation and Editing with Large Language Modelscited by 24
- 2022PERGAMO: Personalized 3D Garments from Monocular Videocited by 22
- 2024LayGA: Layered Gaussian Avatars for Animatable Clothing Transfercited by 22
- 2022Neural Correspondence Field for Object Pose Estimationcited by 21
- 2023CloSET: Modeling Clothed Humans on Continuous Surface with Explicit Template Decompositioncited by 21
- 2023NSF: Neural Surface Fields for Human Modeling from Monocular Depthcited by 21
- 2022Intrinsic Neural Fields: Learning Functions on Manifoldscited by 20
- 2023CaPhy: Capturing Physical Properties for Animatable Human Avatarscited by 20
- 2024MagicPose4D: Crafting Articulated Models with Appearance and Motion Controlcited by 18
- 2023NCHO: Unsupervised Learning for Neural 3D Composition of Humans and Objectscited by 17
- 2022H4D: Human 4D Modeling by Learning Neural Compositional Representationcited by 15
- 2023GarmentTracking: Category-Level Garment Pose Trackingcited by 15
- 20234D Myocardium Reconstruction with Decoupled Motion and Shape Modelcited by 15
- 2024En3D: An Enhanced Generative Model for Sculpting 3D Humans from 2D Synthetic Datacited by 14
- 2022Dual-Space NeRF: Learning Animatable Avatars and Scene Lighting in Separate Spacescited by 13
- 2022An Implicit Parametric Morphable Dental Modelcited by 12
- 2023Zero-shot Pose Transfer for Unrigged Stylized 3D Characterscited by 12
50 most cited of 89 All 89 (JSON)
- 2026NeuROK: Generative 4D Neural Object Kinematics28 May 2026
- 2025Pix2NPHM: Learning to Regress NPHM Reconstructions From a Single Image19 Dec 2025
- 2025DiLO: Disentangled Latent Optimization for Learning Shape and Deformation in Grouped Deforming 3D Objects8 Nov 2025
- 2025Ev4DGS: Novel-view Rendering of Non-Rigid Objects from Monocular Event Streams13 Oct 2025
- 2025ImHead: A Large-scale Implicit Morphable Model for Localized Head Modeling12 Oct 2025
- 2025GeoAvatar: Adaptive Geometrical Gaussian Splatting for 3D Head Avatar24 Jul 2025
- 2025PhysRig: Differentiable Physics-Based Skinning and Rigging Framework for Realistic Articulated Object Modeling26 Jun 2025
- 2025Category-Agnostic Neural Object Rigging26 May 2025
- 2024GANFusion: Feed-Forward Text-to-3D with Diffusion in GAN Space21 Dec 2024
- 2024NF3DM: Combining Neural Fields and Deformation Models for 3D Non-Rigid Motion Reconstruction11 Dec 2024
- 2024DNF: Unconditional 4D Generation with Dictionary-based Neural Fields6 Dec 2024
- 2024PocoLoco: A Point Cloud Diffusion Model of Human Shape in Loose Clothing6 Nov 2024
38 more
- 2024SMORE: Simultaneous Map and Object REconstruction19 Jun 2024
- 2024ReFiNe: Recursive Field Networks for Cross-modal Multi-scene Representation6 Jun 2024
- 2024DualContrast: Unsupervised Disentangling of Content and Transformations with Implicit Parameterization27 May 2024
- 2024MagicPose4D: Crafting Articulated Models with Appearance and Motion Control22 May 2024
- 2024Reconstruction of Manipulated Garment with Guided Deformation Prior17 May 2024
- 2024LayGA: Layered Gaussian Avatars for Animatable Clothing Transfer12 May 2024
- 2024Neural-ABC: Neural Parametric Models for Articulated Body with Clothes6 Apr 2024
- 2024SurMo: Surface-based 4D Motion Modeling for Dynamic Human Rendering1 Apr 2024
- 2024Recent Trends in 3D Reconstruction of General Non-Rigid Scenes22 Mar 2024
- 2024DynoSurf: Neural Deformation-based Temporally Consistent Dynamic Surface Reconstruction18 Mar 2024
- 2024AniDress: Animatable Loose-Dressed Avatar from Sparse Views Using Garment Rigging Model27 Jan 2024
- 2024Motion2VecSets: 4D Latent Vector Set Diffusion for Non-rigid Shape Reconstruction and Tracking12 Jan 2024
- 2024Uni3D-LLM: Unifying Point Cloud Perception, Generation and Editing with Large Language Models9 Jan 2024
- 2024En3D: An Enhanced Generative Model for Sculpting 3D Humans from 2D Synthetic Data2 Jan 2024
- 2023Anatomically Constrained Implicit Face Models12 Dec 2023
- 2023MonoNPHM: Dynamic Head Reconstruction from Monocular Videos11 Dec 2023
- 2023ImFace++: A Sophisticated Nonlinear 3D Morphable Face Model with Implicit Neural Representations7 Dec 2023
- 2023HiFi4G: High-Fidelity Human Performance Rendering via Compact Gaussian Splatting6 Dec 2023
- 2023Neural Parametric Gaussians for Monocular Non-Rigid Object Reconstruction2 Dec 2023
- 2023DPHMs: Diffusion Parametric Head Models for Depth-based Tracking2 Dec 2023
- 2023MorpheuS: Neural Dynamic 360deg Surface Reconstruction from Monocular RGB-D Video1 Dec 2023
- 2023PHRIT: Parametric Hand Representation with Implicit Template26 Sep 2023
- 2023AnthroNet: Conditional Generation of Humans via Anthropometrics7 Sep 2023
- 2023NSF: Neural Surface Fields for Human Modeling from Monocular Depth28 Aug 2023
- 20234D Myocardium Reconstruction with Decoupled Motion and Shape Model27 Aug 2023
- 2023Learning Clothing and Pose Invariant 3D Shape Representation for Long-Term Person Re-Identification21 Aug 2023
- 2023SCULPT: Shape-Conditioned Unpaired Learning of Pose-dependent Clothed and Textured Human Meshes21 Aug 2023
- 2023TeCH: Text-guided Reconstruction of Lifelike Clothed Humans16 Aug 2023
- 2023CaPhy: Capturing Physical Properties for Animatable Human Avatars11 Aug 2023
- 2023Zero-shot Pose Transfer for Unrigged Stylized 3D Characters31 May 2023
- 2023Integrated Object Deformation and Contact Patch Estimation from Visuo-Tactile Feedback23 May 2023
- 2023NCHO: Unsupervised Learning for Neural 3D Composition of Humans and Objects23 May 2023
- 2023AG3D: Learning to Generate 3D Avatars from 2D Image Collections3 May 2023
- 2023Learning Locally Editable Virtual Humans28 Apr 2023
- 2023CloSET: Modeling Clothed Humans on Continuous Surface with Explicit Template Decomposition6 Apr 2023
- 2023Dynamic Point Fields5 Apr 2023
- 2023GarmentTracking: Category-Level Garment Pose Tracking24 Mar 2023
- 2023NAISR: A 3D Neural Additive Model for Interpretable Shape Representation16 Mar 2023
50 newest of 89 All 89 (JSON)
- 2023TeCH: Text-guided Reconstruction of Lifelike Clothed Humanscited by 104
- 2024Motion2VecSets: 4D Latent Vector Set Diffusion for Non-rigid Shape Reconstruction and Trackingcited by 27
- 2024GANFusion: Feed-Forward Text-to-3D with Diffusion in GAN Spacecited by 1
- 2024PocoLoco: A Point Cloud Diffusion Model of Human Shape in Loose Clothingcited by 0
- 2024GANFusion: Feed-Forward Text-to-3D with Diffusion in GAN Space21 Dec 2024
- 2024PocoLoco: A Point Cloud Diffusion Model of Human Shape in Loose Clothing6 Nov 2024
- 2024Motion2VecSets: 4D Latent Vector Set Diffusion for Non-rigid Shape Reconstruction and Tracking12 Jan 2024
- 2023TeCH: Text-guided Reconstruction of Lifelike Clothed Humans16 Aug 2023
- 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 539
- 2022InstantAvatar: Learning Avatars from Monocular Video in 60 Secondscited by 138
- 2022Semantic-Aware Implicit Neural Audio-Driven Video Portrait Generationcited by 119
- 2021A-SDF: Learning Disentangled Signed Distance Functions for Articulated Shape Representationcited by 113
- 2022EVA3D: Compositional 3D Human Generation from 2D Image Collectionscited by 111
- 2021The Power of Points for Modeling Humans in Clothingcited by 90
- 2021MetaAvatar: Learning Animatable Clothed Human Models from Few Depth Imagescited by 78
- 2022Learning Neural Parametric Head Modelscited by 73
- 2022gDNA: Towards Generative Detailed Neural Avatarscited by 72
- 2023HiFi4G: High-Fidelity Human Performance Rendering via Compact Gaussian Splattingcited by 68
- 2022LISA: Learning Implicit Shape and Appearance of Handscited by 63
- 2022Drivable Volumetric Avatars using Texel-Aligned Featurescited by 62
12 most cited of 85 All 85 (JSON)
- 2026NeuROK: Generative 4D Neural Object Kinematics28 May 2026
- 2025Pix2NPHM: Learning to Regress NPHM Reconstructions From a Single Image19 Dec 2025
- 2025DiLO: Disentangled Latent Optimization for Learning Shape and Deformation in Grouped Deforming 3D Objects8 Nov 2025
- 2025Ev4DGS: Novel-view Rendering of Non-Rigid Objects from Monocular Event Streams13 Oct 2025
- 2025ImHead: A Large-scale Implicit Morphable Model for Localized Head Modeling12 Oct 2025
- 2025GeoAvatar: Adaptive Geometrical Gaussian Splatting for 3D Head Avatar24 Jul 2025
- 2025PhysRig: Differentiable Physics-Based Skinning and Rigging Framework for Realistic Articulated Object Modeling26 Jun 2025
- 2025Category-Agnostic Neural Object Rigging26 May 2025
- 2024NF3DM: Combining Neural Fields and Deformation Models for 3D Non-Rigid Motion Reconstruction11 Dec 2024
- 2024DNF: Unconditional 4D Generation with Dictionary-based Neural Fields6 Dec 2024
- 2024SMORE: Simultaneous Map and Object REconstruction19 Jun 2024
- 2024ReFiNe: Recursive Field Networks for Cross-modal Multi-scene Representation6 Jun 2024
12 newest of 85 All 85 (JSON)