S3: Neural Shape, Skeleton, and Skinning Fields for 3D Human Modeling
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Abstract (arXiv)
Constructing and animating humans is an important component for building virtual worlds in a wide variety of applications such as virtual reality or robotics testing in simulation. As there are exponentially many variations of humans with different shape, pose and clothing, it is critical to develop methods that can automatically reconstruct and animate humans at scale from real world data. Towards this goal, we represent the pedestrian's shape, pose and skinning weights as neural implicit functions that are directly learned from data. This representation enables us to handle a wide variety of different pedestrian shapes and poses without explicitly fitting a human parametric body model, allowing us to handle a wider range of human geometries and topologies. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on various datasets and show that our reconstructions outperform existing state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, our re-animation experiments show that we can generate 3D human animations at scale from a single RGB image (and/or an optional LiDAR sweep) as input.
Key facts. Cited by 59 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 47 of its 70 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Jan 2021.
Builds on
47 of 70 references.
References · 47
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35 more
- 2016Keep it SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Imagecited by 692
- 2019Learning to Reconstruct 3D Human Pose and Shape via Model-fitting in the Loopcited by 625
- 2019VIBE: Video Inference for Human Body Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 615
- 2020PIFuHD: Multi-Level Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution 3D Human Digitizationcited by 521
- 2019PointRend: Image Segmentation as Renderingcited by 439
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- 2018Learning 3D Human Dynamics from Videocited by 315
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- 2020PaMIR: Parametric Model-Conditioned Implicit Representation for Image-based Human Reconstructioncited by 231
- 2018Learning to Estimate 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Color Imagecited by 226
- 2019Texture Fields: Learning Texture Representations in Function Spacecited by 210
- 2017Multi-view Supervision for Single-view Reconstruction via Differentiable Ray Consistencycited by 177
- 2019Learning to Reconstruct People in Clothing from a Single RGB Cameracited by 168
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- 2019TexturePose: Supervising Human Mesh Estimation with Texture Consistencycited by 53
- 2020Vid2Player: Controllable Video Sprites that Behave and Appear like Professional Tennis Playerscited by 30
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 16; 2023: 13; 2024: 11; 2025: 7; 2026: 3.
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- 2024DRiVE: Diffusion-based Rigging Empowers Generation of Versatile and Expressive Characters26 Nov 2024
- 2024HFGaussian: Learning Generalizable Gaussian Human with Integrated Human Features5 Nov 2024
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- 2024CanonicalFusion: Generating Drivable 3D Human Avatars from Multiple Images5 Jul 2024
- 2024WildAvatar: Learning In-the-wild 3D Avatars from the Web2 Jul 2024
- 2024Instant 3D Human Avatar Generation using Image Diffusion Models11 Jun 2024
- 2024Robust Biharmonic Skinning Using Geometric Fields1 Jun 2024
- 2024GoMAvatar: Efficient Animatable Human Modeling from Monocular Video Using Gaussians-on-Mesh11 Apr 2024
- 2024RELI11D: A Comprehensive Multimodal Human Motion Dataset and Method28 Mar 2024
- 2023GauHuman: Articulated Gaussian Splatting from Monocular Human Videos5 Dec 2023
- 2023Reconstructing Objects in-the-wild for Realistic Sensor Simulation9 Nov 2023
- 2023Learning Disentangled Avatars with Hybrid 3D Representations12 Sep 2023
- 2023Semantic and Articulated Pedestrian Sensing Onboard a Moving Vehicle12 Sep 2023
- 2023D-IF: Uncertainty-aware Human Digitization via Implicit Distribution Field17 Aug 2023
- 2023Rendering Humans from Object-Occluded Monocular Videos8 Aug 2023
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- 2022DRaCoN -- Differentiable Rasterization Conditioned Neural Radiance Fields for Articulated Avatars29 Mar 2022
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50 newest of 59 All 59 (JSON)
- 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 539
- 2022HumanNeRF: Free-viewpoint Rendering of Moving People from Monocular Videocited by 483
- 2021Animatable Neural Radiance Fields for Modeling Dynamic Human Bodiescited by 361
- 2023UniSim: A Neural Closed-Loop Sensor Simulatorcited by 294
- 2021ICON: Implicit Clothed humans Obtained from Normalscited by 283
- 2022ECON: Explicit Clothed humans Optimized via Normal integrationcited by 199
- 2023GauHuman: Articulated Gaussian Splatting from Monocular Human Videoscited by 168
- 2022Photorealistic Monocular 3D Reconstruction of Humans Wearing Clothingcited by 126
- 2021Animatable Neural Radiance Fields from Monocular RGB Videoscited by 109
- 2021Neural-GIF: Neural Generalized Implicit Functions for Animating People in Clothingcited by 102
- 2021The Power of Points for Modeling Humans in Clothingcited by 90
- 2023SHERF: Generalizable Human NeRF from a Single Imagecited by 88
12 most cited of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2026FlashCap: Millisecond-Accurate Human Motion Capture via Flashing LEDs and Event-Based Vision20 Mar 2026
- 2026Towards Motion Turing Test: Evaluating Human-Likeness in Humanoid Robots6 Mar 2026
- 2025MobileOcc: A Human-Aware Semantic Occupancy Dataset for Mobile Robots21 Nov 2025
- 2025AdaHuman: Animatable Detailed 3D Human Generation with Compositional Multiview Diffusion30 May 2025
- 2025EfficientHuman: Efficient Training and Reconstruction of Moving Human using Articulated 2D Gaussian29 Apr 2025
- 2025ClimbingCap: Multi-Modal Dataset and Method for Rock Climbing in World Coordinate27 Mar 2025
- 2025ARMO: Autoregressive Rigging for Multi-Category Objects26 Mar 2025
- 2024DRiVE: Diffusion-based Rigging Empowers Generation of Versatile and Expressive Characters26 Nov 2024
- 2024HFGaussian: Learning Generalizable Gaussian Human with Integrated Human Features5 Nov 2024
- 2024FAMOUS: High-Fidelity Monocular 3D Human Digitization Using View Synthesis13 Oct 2024
- 2024G3R: Gradient Guided Generalizable Reconstruction28 Sep 2024
- 2024UniCal: Unified Neural Sensor Calibration27 Sep 2024
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