NeRSemble: Multi-view Radiance Field Reconstruction of Human Heads
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Cited by 24 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.
Abstract (arXiv)
We focus on reconstructing high-fidelity radiance fields of human heads, capturing their animations over time, and synthesizing re-renderings from novel viewpoints at arbitrary time steps. To this end, we propose a new multi-view capture setup composed of 16 calibrated machine vision cameras that record time-synchronized images at 7.1 MP resolution and 73 frames per second. With our setup, we collect a new dataset of over 4700 high-resolution, high-framerate sequences of more than 220 human heads, from which we introduce a new human head reconstruction benchmark. The recorded sequences cover a wide range of facial dynamics, including head motions, natural expressions, emotions, and spoken language. In order to reconstruct high-fidelity human heads, we propose Dynamic Neural Radiance Fields using Hash Ensembles (NeRSemble). We represent scene dynamics by combining a deformation field and an ensemble of 3D multi-resolution hash encodings. The deformation field allows for precise modeling of simple scene movements, while the ensemble of hash encodings helps to represent complex dynamics. As a result, we obtain radiance field representations of human heads that capture motion over time and facilitate re-rendering of arbitrary novel viewpoints. In a series of experiments, we explore the design choices of our method and demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art dynamic radiance field approaches by a significant margin.
Key facts. Cited by 190 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 May 2023.
Builds on
34 of 60 references.
References · 34
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
- 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,013
- 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,607
- 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,459
- 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 1,275
- 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 961
- 2023K-Planes: Explicit Radiance Fields in Space, Time, and Appearancecited by 742
- 2018BiSeNet: Bilateral Segmentation Network for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 645
- 2023HexPlane: A Fast Representation for Dynamic Scenescited by 582
22 more
- 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 539
- 2020Dynamic Neural Radiance Fields for Monocular 4D Facial Avatar Reconstructioncited by 465
- 2021Mixture of Volumetric Primitives for Efficient Neural Renderingcited by 277
- 2019Capture, Learning, and Synthesis of 3D Speaking Stylescited by 257
- 2021I M Avatar: Implicit Morphable Head Avatars from Videoscited by 230
- 2021HeadNeRF: A Real-time NeRF-based Parametric Head Modelcited by 228
- 2021Neural Head Avatars from Monocular RGB Videoscited by 212
- 2021HyperNeRF: A Higher-Dimensional Representation for Topologically Varying Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 210
- 2019Neural Volumes: Learning Dynamic Renderable Volumes from Imagescited by 173
- 2023HyperReel: High-Fidelity 6-DoF Video with Ray-Conditioned Samplingcited by 173
- 2020Real-Time High-Resolution Background Mattingcited by 172
- 2022Fourier PlenOctrees for Dynamic Radiance Field Rendering in Real-timecited by 164
- 2022Instant Volumetric Head Avatarscited by 157
- 2022NeRFPlayer: A Streamable Dynamic Scene Representation with Decomposed Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 151
- 2022Reconstructing Personalized Semantic Facial NeRF Models From Monocular Videocited by 128
- 2022RigNeRF: Fully Controllable Neural 3D Portraitscited by 126
- 2022Streaming Radiance Fields for 3D Video Synthesiscited by 118
- 2020i3DMM: Deep Implicit 3D Morphable Model of Human Headscited by 109
- 2022ReLU Fields: The Little Non-linearity That Couldcited by 87
- 2022Multiface: A Dataset for Neural Face Renderingcited by 87
- 2022NerfAcc: A General NeRF Acceleration Toolboxcited by 73
- 2022Learning Neural Parametric Head Modelscited by 73
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 21; 2024: 44; 2025: 62; 2026: 63.
190 papers.
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- 2023GaussianAvatars: Photorealistic Head Avatars with Rigged 3D Gaussianscited by 256
- 2024LivePortrait: Efficient Portrait Animation with Stitching and Retargeting Controlcited by 202
- 20243DGStream: On-the-Fly Training of 3D Gaussians for Efficient Streaming of Photo-Realistic Free-Viewpoint Videoscited by 156
- 2023State of the Art on Diffusion Models for Visual Computingcited by 126
- 2023Relightable Gaussian Codec Avatarscited by 126
- 2024Dynamic Gaussian Marbles for Novel View Synthesis of Casual Monocular Videoscited by 96
- 2024Generalizable and Animatable Gaussian Head Avatarcited by 95
- 2024Stereo4D: Learning How Things Move in 3D from Internet Stereo Videoscited by 89
- 2024Advances in 3D Generation: A Surveycited by 62
- 2023HeadGaS: Real-Time Animatable Head Avatars via 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 60
- 2023FaceTalk: Audio-Driven Motion Diffusion for Neural Parametric Head Modelscited by 55
- 2024CAP4D: Creating Animatable 4D Portrait Avatars with Morphable Multi-View Diffusion Modelscited by 52
38 more
- 2025Avat3r: Large Animatable Gaussian Reconstruction Model for High-fidelity 3D Head Avatarscited by 52
- 2023GaussianHead: High-fidelity Head Avatars with Learnable Gaussian Derivationcited by 46
- 2024NPGA: Neural Parametric Gaussian Avatarscited by 46
- 2024HeadGAP: Few-Shot 3D Head Avatar via Generalizable Gaussian Priorscited by 44
- 2023DiffusionAvatars: Deferred Diffusion for High-fidelity 3D Head Avatarscited by 42
- 2024MeGA: Hybrid Mesh-Gaussian Head Avatar for High-Fidelity Rendering and Head Editingcited by 37
- 2024GAF: Gaussian Avatar Reconstruction from Monocular Videos via Multi-view Diffusioncited by 36
- 2025DreamActor-M1: Holistic, Expressive and Robust Human Image Animation with Hybrid Guidancecited by 36
- 2023HHAvatar: Gaussian Head Avatar with Dynamic Hairscited by 35
- 2023MonoNPHM: Dynamic Head Reconstruction from Monocular Videoscited by 35
- 2024Human Hair Reconstruction with Strand-Aligned 3D Gaussianscited by 35
- 2024Cafca: High-quality Novel View Synthesis of Expressive Faces from Casual Few-shot Capturescited by 34
- 2024GaussianHeads: End-to-End Learning of Drivable Gaussian Head Avatars from Coarse-to-fine Representationscited by 31
- 2024FATE: Full-head Gaussian Avatar with Textural Editing from Monocular Videocited by 31
- 2023AvatarStudio: Text-driven Editing of 3D Dynamic Human Head Avatarscited by 29
- 2023GANeRF: Leveraging Discriminators to Optimize Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 26
- 2023DiffPortrait3D: Controllable Diffusion for Zero-Shot Portrait View Synthesiscited by 26
- 2025X-NeMo: Expressive Neural Motion Reenactment via Disentangled Latent Attentioncited by 26
- 2024Morphable Diffusion: 3D-Consistent Diffusion for Single-image Avatar Creationcited by 23
- 2024Rip-NeRF: Anti-aliasing Radiance Fields with Ripmap-Encoded Platonic Solidscited by 23
- 2023VideoRF: Rendering Dynamic Radiance Fields as 2D Feature Video Streamscited by 22
- 2024EgoGaussian: Dynamic Scene Understanding from Egocentric Video with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 22
- 2023Generalizable One-shot Neural Head Avatarcited by 21
- 2024Gaussian Eigen Models for Human Headscited by 21
- 2025Pippo: High-Resolution Multi-View Humans from a Single Imagecited by 20
- 2025Pixel3DMM: Versatile Screen-Space Priors for Single-Image 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 20
- 2024VOODOO XP: Expressive One-Shot Head Reenactment for VR Telepresencecited by 19
- 2024PSAvatar: A Point-based Shape Model for Real-Time Head Avatar Animation with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 17
- 2024Joker: Conditional 3D Head Synthesis with Extreme Facial Expressionscited by 17
- 2025MVP4D: Multi-View Portrait Video Diffusion for Animatable 4D Avatarscited by 17
- 2024Tri2-plane: Thinking Head Avatar via Feature Pyramidcited by 16
- 2025Arc2Avatar: Generating Expressive 3D Avatars from a Single Image via ID Guidancecited by 16
- 2024SurFhead: Affine Rig Blending for Geometrically Accurate 2D Gaussian Surfel Head Avatarscited by 15
- 2023GAN-Avatar: Controllable Personalized GAN-based Human Head Avatarcited by 14
- 20253D Gaussian Head Avatars with Expressive Dynamic Appearances by Compact Tensorial Representationscited by 13
- 2023ILSH: The Imperial Light-Stage Head Dataset for Human Head View Synthesiscited by 12
- 2025DiffPortrait360: Consistent Portrait Diffusion for 360 View Synthesiscited by 12
- 2025ScaffoldAvatar: High-Fidelity Gaussian Avatars with Patch Expressionscited by 12
50 most cited of 190 All 190 (JSON)
- 2026Learning Semantic Inpainting for Animatable Gaussian Head Avatars29 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond Lip Sync: Reference-Grounded Oral Refinement for Audio-Driven Portrait Animation29 Sep 2026
- 2026Relightable 3D Avatar Reconstruction with Semantic-Adaptive Motion-Illumination Responses21 Sep 2026
- 2026MGAvatar: Mesh-Bound Gaussians for Head Avatar Geometry and Appearance Modeling11 Sep 2026
- 2026Source-Face Authenticity Detection for 3D Gaussian Heads Reconstructed from a Single Portrait: A Benchmark and Dedicated Detector25 Aug 2026
- 2026RealDenseFace: Real-time Monocular 3D Face Reconstruction from Dense UV-space Priors10 Aug 2026
- 2026Proxy Avatar Meets Low-Rank Caching: Real-Time One-Shot Emotion-Controllable Portrait Animation3 Aug 2026
- 2026S-Avatar: Diffusion-Guided Gaussian Head Avatars from a Single Image30 Jul 2026
- 2026TongueReenact: Geometry-Anchored Tongue Synthesis for Face Reenactment30 Jul 2026
- 2026Split and Drive: Dual-Axis Disentanglement for Real-Time Gaussian Head Avatars30 Jul 2026
- 2026Endo-NeRF++: Uncertainty-Aware Neural Rendering with Multi-Resolution Hash Encoding for Dynamic Surgical Scene Reconstruction30 Jul 2026
- 2026ViDS: Video Diffusion Shader using 3D Face Tracking27 Jul 2026
38 more
- 2026Head Avatars with Dynamic Explicit Hair26 Jul 2026
- 2026FA-LAM: Focus-Aware Large Avatar Model for One-Shot 4D Animatable Gaussian Head23 Jul 2026
- 2026FFAvatar: Feed-Forward 4D Head Avatar Reconstruction from Sparse Portrait Images29 Jun 2026
- 2026GeoFace: Consistent Multi-View Face Generation with Geometry-Constrained Diffusion26 Jun 2026
- 2026FiCA: Feed-forward instant Gaussian Codec Avatars from a Single Portrait Image23 Jun 2026
- 2026ReAge3D: Re-Aging 3D Faces with View Consistency16 Jun 2026
- 2026Edit3DGS: Unified Framework for Dynamic Head Editing via 2D Instruction-Guided Diffusion and 3D Gaussian Splatting16 Jun 2026
- 2026SpatialAvatar-0: High-Quality 4D Head Avatar with Multi-Stage Reconstruction14 Jun 2026
- 2026LentiAvatar: Pseudo-Multiview Reconstruction and Subpixel Prism Rendering for Real-Time Stereoscopic Communication9 Jun 2026
- 2026Self-Learning Expression Deformations for Data-Efficient Gaussian Avatars4 Jun 2026
- 2026Splatshot: 3D Face Avatar Generation from a Single Unconstrained Photo31 May 2026
- 2026Multi-view Consistent 3D Gaussian Head Avatars 'without' Multi-view Generation24 May 2026
- 2026Image-to-Video Diffusion: From Foundations to Open Frontiers17 May 2026
- 2026Learning a Delighting Prior for Facial Appearance Capture in the Wild7 May 2026
- 2026Large-Scale High-Quality 3D Gaussian Head Reconstruction from Multi-View Captures5 May 2026
- 2026Face Anything: 4D Face Reconstruction from Any Image Sequence21 Apr 2026
- 2026PortraitDirector: A Hierarchical Disentanglement Framework for Controllable and Real-time Facial Reenactment21 Apr 2026
- 2026Giving Faces Their Feelings Back: Explicit Emotion Control for Feedforward Single-Image 3D Head Avatars16 Apr 2026
- 2026Any3DAvatar: Fast and High-Quality Full-Head 3D Avatar Reconstruction from Single Portrait Image15 Apr 2026
- 20263DRealHead: Few-Shot Detailed Head Avatar14 Apr 2026
- 2026PhysHead: Simulation-Ready Gaussian Head Avatars7 Apr 2026
- 2026AvatarPointillist: AutoRegressive 4D Gaussian Avatarization6 Apr 2026
- 2026DipGuava: Disentangling Personalized Gaussian Features for 3D Head Avatars from Monocular Video30 Mar 2026
- 2026Leveraging Avatar Fingerprinting: A Multi-Generator Photorealistic Talking-Head Public Database and Benchmark27 Mar 2026
- 2026FaceParts: Segmentation and Editing of Gaussian Splatting25 Mar 2026
- 2026FHAvatar: Fast and High-Fidelity Reconstruction of Face-and-Hair Composable 3D Head Avatar from Few Casual Captures24 Mar 2026
- 2026PerformRecast: Expression and Head Pose Disentanglement for Portrait Video Editing20 Mar 2026
- 2026Does it matter which Gaussians you pick in 4D Gaussian streaming?18 Mar 2026
- 2026ProgressiveAvatars: Progressive Animatable 3D Gaussian Avatars17 Mar 2026
- 2026Feed-forward Gaussian Registration for Head Avatar Creation and Editing16 Mar 2026
- 2026High-Fidelity 3D Facial Avatar Synthesis with Controllable Fine-Grained Expressions16 Mar 2026
- 2026NBAvatar: Neural Billboards Avatars with Realistic Hand-Face Interaction12 Mar 2026
- 2026Retrieval-Augmented Gaussian Avatars: Improving Expression Generalization9 Mar 2026
- 2026FaceCam: Portrait Video Camera Control via Scale-Aware Conditioning5 Mar 2026
- 2026LiftAvatar: Kinematic-Space Completion for Expression-Controlled 3D Gaussian Avatar Animation2 Mar 2026
- 2026OMG-Avatar: One-shot Multi-LOD Gaussian Head Avatar2 Mar 2026
- 2026You Only Need One Stage: Novel-View Synthesis From A Single Blind Face Image1 Mar 2026
- 2026GeoDiff4D: Geometry-Aware Diffusion for 4D Head Avatar Reconstruction27 Feb 2026
50 newest of 190 All 190 (JSON)
- 2023State of the Art on Diffusion Models for Visual Computingcited by 126
- 2024CAP4D: Creating Animatable 4D Portrait Avatars with Morphable Multi-View Diffusion Modelscited by 52
- 2024GAF: Gaussian Avatar Reconstruction from Monocular Videos via Multi-view Diffusioncited by 36
- 2023AvatarStudio: Text-driven Editing of 3D Dynamic Human Head Avatarscited by 29
- 2023DiffPortrait3D: Controllable Diffusion for Zero-Shot Portrait View Synthesiscited by 26
- 2024Morphable Diffusion: 3D-Consistent Diffusion for Single-image Avatar Creationcited by 23
- 2025MVP4D: Multi-View Portrait Video Diffusion for Animatable 4D Avatarscited by 17
- 2025Zero-1-to-A: Zero-Shot One Image to Animatable Head Avatars Using Video Diffusioncited by 9
- 2025Controlling Avatar Diffusion with Learnable Gaussian Embeddingcited by 3
- 2025SpinMeRound: Consistent Multi-View Identity Generation Using Diffusion Modelscited by 3
- 2025AvatarMakeup: Realistic Makeup Transfer for 3D Animatable Head Avatarscited by 3
- 2025Text-based Animatable 3D Avatars with Morphable Model Alignmentcited by 2
12 most cited of 24 All 24 (JSON)
- 2026Proxy Avatar Meets Low-Rank Caching: Real-Time One-Shot Emotion-Controllable Portrait Animation3 Aug 2026
- 2026ViDS: Video Diffusion Shader using 3D Face Tracking27 Jul 2026
- 2026FiCA: Feed-forward instant Gaussian Codec Avatars from a Single Portrait Image23 Jun 2026
- 2026Edit3DGS: Unified Framework for Dynamic Head Editing via 2D Instruction-Guided Diffusion and 3D Gaussian Splatting16 Jun 2026
- 2026Splatshot: 3D Face Avatar Generation from a Single Unconstrained Photo31 May 2026
- 2026Image-to-Video Diffusion: From Foundations to Open Frontiers17 May 2026
- 2026ExpPortrait: Expressive Portrait Generation via Personalized Representation23 Feb 2026
- 2026HairWeaver: Few-Shot Photorealistic Hair Motion Synthesis with Sim-to-Real Guided Video Diffusion11 Feb 2026
- 2025DeX-Portrait: Disentangled and Expressive Portrait Animation via Explicit and Latent Motion Representations17 Dec 2025
- 2025STARCaster: Spatio-Temporal AutoRegressive Video Diffusion for Identity- and View-Aware Talking Portraits15 Dec 2025
- 2025FactorPortrait: Controllable Portrait Animation via Disentangled Expression, Pose, and Viewpoint12 Dec 2025
- 2025MVP4D: Multi-View Portrait Video Diffusion for Animatable 4D Avatars14 Oct 2025
12 newest of 24 All 24 (JSON)
- 2023GaussianAvatars: Photorealistic Head Avatars with Rigged 3D Gaussianscited by 256
- 2024LivePortrait: Efficient Portrait Animation with Stitching and Retargeting Controlcited by 202
- 20243DGStream: On-the-Fly Training of 3D Gaussians for Efficient Streaming of Photo-Realistic Free-Viewpoint Videoscited by 156
- 2023Relightable Gaussian Codec Avatarscited by 126
- 2024Dynamic Gaussian Marbles for Novel View Synthesis of Casual Monocular Videoscited by 96
- 2024Generalizable and Animatable Gaussian Head Avatarcited by 95
- 2024Stereo4D: Learning How Things Move in 3D from Internet Stereo Videoscited by 89
- 2024Advances in 3D Generation: A Surveycited by 62
- 2023HeadGaS: Real-Time Animatable Head Avatars via 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 60
- 2023FaceTalk: Audio-Driven Motion Diffusion for Neural Parametric Head Modelscited by 55
- 2025Avat3r: Large Animatable Gaussian Reconstruction Model for High-fidelity 3D Head Avatarscited by 52
- 2023GaussianHead: High-fidelity Head Avatars with Learnable Gaussian Derivationcited by 46
12 most cited of 165 All 165 (JSON)
- 2026Learning Semantic Inpainting for Animatable Gaussian Head Avatars29 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond Lip Sync: Reference-Grounded Oral Refinement for Audio-Driven Portrait Animation29 Sep 2026
- 2026Relightable 3D Avatar Reconstruction with Semantic-Adaptive Motion-Illumination Responses21 Sep 2026
- 2026MGAvatar: Mesh-Bound Gaussians for Head Avatar Geometry and Appearance Modeling11 Sep 2026
- 2026Source-Face Authenticity Detection for 3D Gaussian Heads Reconstructed from a Single Portrait: A Benchmark and Dedicated Detector25 Aug 2026
- 2026RealDenseFace: Real-time Monocular 3D Face Reconstruction from Dense UV-space Priors10 Aug 2026
- 2026S-Avatar: Diffusion-Guided Gaussian Head Avatars from a Single Image30 Jul 2026
- 2026TongueReenact: Geometry-Anchored Tongue Synthesis for Face Reenactment30 Jul 2026
- 2026Split and Drive: Dual-Axis Disentanglement for Real-Time Gaussian Head Avatars30 Jul 2026
- 2026Endo-NeRF++: Uncertainty-Aware Neural Rendering with Multi-Resolution Hash Encoding for Dynamic Surgical Scene Reconstruction30 Jul 2026
- 2026Head Avatars with Dynamic Explicit Hair26 Jul 2026
- 2026FA-LAM: Focus-Aware Large Avatar Model for One-Shot 4D Animatable Gaussian Head23 Jul 2026
12 newest of 165 All 165 (JSON)