mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

NBAvatar: Neural Billboards Avatars with Realistic Hand-Face Interaction

arXiv 2603.12063 ↗First posted 12 Mar 2026cs.CVcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present NBAvatar - a method for realistic rendering of head avatars handling non-rigid deformations caused by hand-face interaction. To this end, we introduce a novel hybrid implicit-explicit representation for animated avatars by combining the training of explicit oriented planar primitives with implicit neural rendering. Such a combination of representations in the end-to-end pipeline enables NBAvatar to handle temporally and pose-consistent geometry, along with fine-grained appearance details provided by the neural rendering technique. To enable joint optimization of different representations we propose a geometry-aware training scheme that allows our hybrid representation to surpass existing approaches in terms of novel-view and novel-pose rendering quality. Specifically, NBAvatar achieves up to 53% LPIPS reduction compared to Gaussian-based avatar methods, while also improving PSNR and SSIM, and achieves higher structural similarity compared to the state-of-the-art hand-face interaction method InteractAvatar.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 49 of its 65 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Mar 2026.

Builds on

49 of 65 references.

References · 49

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37 more
  1. 2020Learning an Animatable Detailed 3D Face Model from In-The-Wild Imagescited by 477
  2. 2020Dynamic Neural Radiance Fields for Monocular 4D Facial Avatar Reconstructioncited by 467
  3. 2023GaussianAvatars: Photorealistic Head Avatars with Rigged 3D Gaussianscited by 260
  4. 2021I M Avatar: Implicit Morphable Head Avatars from Videoscited by 231
  5. 2021Neural Head Avatars from Monocular RGB Videoscited by 213
  6. 2023NeRSemble: Multi-view Radiance Field Reconstruction of Human Headscited by 194
  7. 2022PointAvatar: Deformable Point-based Head Avatars from Videoscited by 184
  8. 2024SplattingAvatar: Realistic Real-Time Human Avatars with Mesh-Embedded Gaussian Splattingcited by 172
  9. 2018Deep Appearance Models for Face Renderingcited by 164
  10. 2022Instant Volumetric Head Avatarscited by 159
  11. 2019GANFIT: Generative Adversarial Network Fitting for High Fidelity 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 150
  12. 2023Relightable Gaussian Codec Avatarscited by 127
  13. 2023GART: Gaussian Articulated Template Modelscited by 121
  14. 2024StopThePop: Sorted Gaussian Splatting for View-Consistent Real-time Renderingcited by 111
  15. 2022AvatarMAV: Fast 3D Head Avatar Reconstruction Using Motion-Aware Neural Voxelscited by 73
  16. 2022LISA: Learning Implicit Shape and Appearance of Handscited by 63
  17. 2021StylePeople: A Generative Model of Fullbody Human Avatarscited by 62
  18. 2024URAvatar: Universal Relightable Gaussian Codec Avatarscited by 43
  19. 2022Hand Avatar: Free-Pose Hand Animation and Rendering from Monocular Videocited by 37
  20. 2024HAHA: Highly Articulated Gaussian Human Avatars with Textured Mesh Priorcited by 31
  21. 2021VariTex: Variational Neural Face Texturescited by 30
  22. 2024GStex: Per-Primitive Texturing of 2D Gaussian Splatting for Decoupled Appearance and Geometry Modelingcited by 30
  23. 2023HandNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Animatable Interacting Handscited by 27
  24. 2023LiveHand: Real-time and Photorealistic Neural Hand Renderingcited by 26
  25. 2023MANUS: Markerless Grasp Capture using Articulated 3D Gaussianscited by 26
  26. 2024BillBoard Splatting (BBSplat): Learnable Textured Primitives for Novel View Synthesiscited by 25
  27. 2023Decaf: Monocular Deformation Capture for Face and Hand Interactionscited by 18
  28. 2024HDGS: Textured 2D Gaussian Splatting for Enhanced Scene Renderingcited by 16
  29. 2024Gaussian Billboards: Expressive 2D Gaussian Splatting with Texturescited by 14
  30. 2024SVGS: Enhancing Gaussian Splatting Using Primitives with Spatially Varying Colorscited by 13
  31. 2024DICE: End-to-end Deformation Capture of Hand-Face Interactions from a Single Imagecited by 9
  32. 2023MoRF: Mobile Realistic Fullbody Avatars from a Monocular Videocited by 7
  33. 2024PhysHand: A Hand Simulation Model with Physiological Geometry, Physical Deformation, and Accurate Contact Handlingcited by 2
  34. 2024NePHIM: A Neural Physics-Based Head-Hand Interaction Modelcited by 2
  35. 2025InteractAvatar: Modeling Hand-Face Interaction in Photorealistic Avatars with Deformable Gaussianscited by 2
  36. 2025Capturing Head Avatar with Hand Contacts from a Monocular Videocited by 1
  37. 2025Frequency-Decomposed Avatar Representation for Varying Camera Distancescited by 1

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