mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

GAF: Gaussian Avatar Reconstruction from Monocular Videos via Multi-view Diffusion

arXiv 2412.10209 ↗First posted 13 Dec 2024cs.CV cs.AI cs.GRcited by 36

On the map: Diffusion models → 3D, point cloud and scene generation

Abstract (arXiv)

We propose a novel approach for reconstructing animatable 3D Gaussian avatars from monocular videos captured by commodity devices like smartphones. Photorealistic 3D head avatar reconstruction from such recordings is challenging due to limited observations, which leaves unobserved regions under-constrained and can lead to artifacts in novel views. To address this problem, we introduce a multi-view head diffusion model, leveraging its priors to fill in missing regions and ensure view consistency in Gaussian splatting renderings. To enable precise viewpoint control, we use normal maps rendered from FLAME-based head reconstruction, which provides pixel-aligned inductive biases. We also condition the diffusion model on VAE features extracted from the input image to preserve facial identity and appearance details. For Gaussian avatar reconstruction, we distill multi-view diffusion priors by using iteratively denoised images as pseudo-ground truths, effectively mitigating over-saturation issues. To further improve photorealism, we apply latent upsampling priors to refine the denoised latent before decoding it into an image. We evaluate our method on the NeRSemble dataset, showing that GAF outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods in novel view synthesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate higher-fidelity avatar reconstructions from monocular videos captured on commodity devices.

Key facts. Cited by 36 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in 3D, point cloud and scene generation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 96 of its 113 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Dec 2024.

Builds on

96 of 113 references.

Closest ancestors · 23

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Human-3Diffusion: Realistic Avatar Creation via Explicit 3D Consistent Diffusion Models12 Jun
  2. 2024CAT3D: Create Anything in 3D with Multi-View Diffusion Models16 May
  3. 2024Motion2VecSets: 4D Latent Vector Set Diffusion for Non-rigid Shape Reconstruction and Tracking12 Jan
  4. 2023ReconFusion: 3D Reconstruction with Diffusion Priors5 Dec
  5. 2023ImageDream: Image-Prompt Multi-view Diffusion for 3D Generation2 Dec
  6. 2023Instant3D: Fast Text-to-3D with Sparse-View Generation and Large Reconstruction Model10 Nov
  7. 2023Text-to-3D with Classifier Score Distillation30 Oct
  8. 2023Zero123++: a Single Image to Consistent Multi-view Diffusion Base Model23 Oct
  9. 2023Wonder3D: Single Image to 3D using Cross-Domain Diffusion23 Oct
  10. 2023SyncDreamer: Generating Multiview-consistent Images from a Single-view Image7 Sep
  11. 2023MVDream: Multi-view Diffusion for 3D Generation31 Aug
  12. 2023Magic123: One Image to High-Quality 3D Object Generation Using Both 2D and 3D Diffusion Priors30 Jun
11 more
  1. 2023HeadSculpt: Crafting 3D Head Avatars with Text5 Jun
  2. 2023ProlificDreamer: High-Fidelity and Diverse Text-to-3D Generation with Variational Score Distillation25 May
  3. 2023DreamAvatar: Text-and-Shape Guided 3D Human Avatar Generation via Diffusion Models3 Apr
  4. 2023DiffuScene: Denoising Diffusion Models for Generative Indoor Scene Synthesis24 Mar
  5. 2023Zero-1-to-3: Zero-shot One Image to 3D Object20 Mar
  6. 20233DShape2VecSet: A 3D Shape Representation for Neural Fields and Generative Diffusion Models26 Jan
  7. 2022Magic3D: High-Resolution Text-to-3D Content Creation18 Nov
  8. 2022LION: Latent Point Diffusion Models for 3D Shape Generation12 Oct
  9. 2022Novel View Synthesis with Diffusion Models6 Oct
  10. 2022DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusion29 Sep
  11. 2021Diffusion Probabilistic Models for 3D Point Cloud Generation2 Mar

Other references · 73

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  4. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,713
  5. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  6. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
  7. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
  8. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
  9. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,355
  10. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
  11. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,503
  12. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,101
38 more
  1. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,723
  2. 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generationcited by 3,300
  3. 2019DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representationcited by 2,689
  4. 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,032
  5. 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,964
  6. 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,613
  7. 2022Objaverse: A Universe of Annotated 3D Objectscited by 1,540
  8. 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 1,280
  9. 2020Improved Techniques for Training Score-Based Generative Modelscited by 1,043
  10. 2023LRM: Large Reconstruction Model for Single Image to 3Dcited by 849
  11. 2023DreamGaussian: Generative Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Content Creationcited by 843
  12. 2023Objaverse-XL: A Universe of 10M+ 3D Objectscited by 774
  13. 2020Convolutional Occupancy Networkscited by 761
  14. 2023Zip-NeRF: Anti-Aliased Grid-Based Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 671
  15. 2018BiSeNet: Bilateral Segmentation Network for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 645
  16. 2020Face2Face: Real-time Face Capture and Reenactment of RGB Videoscited by 632
  17. 20213D Shape Generation and Completion through Point-Voxel Diffusioncited by 516
  18. 2020Learning an Animatable Detailed 3D Face Model from In-The-Wild Imagescited by 477
  19. 2020Dynamic Neural Radiance Fields for Monocular 4D Facial Avatar Reconstructioncited by 467
  20. 2020Modular Primitives for High-Performance Differentiable Renderingcited by 441
  21. 2024GS-LRM: Large Reconstruction Model for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 349
  22. 2023RealFusion: 360deg Reconstruction of Any Object from a Single Imagecited by 306
  23. 2021Mixture of Volumetric Primitives for Efficient Neural Renderingcited by 277
  24. 2023GaussianAvatars: Photorealistic Head Avatars with Rigged 3D Gaussianscited by 260
  25. 2023DreamBooth3D: Subject-Driven Text-to-3D Generationcited by 235
  26. 2021I M Avatar: Implicit Morphable Head Avatars from Videoscited by 231
  27. 2021Neural Head Avatars from Monocular RGB Videoscited by 213
  28. 2023MVDiffusion: Enabling Holistic Multi-view Image Generation with Correspondence-Aware Diffusioncited by 212
  29. 2023NeRSemble: Multi-view Radiance Field Reconstruction of Human Headscited by 194
  30. 2022PointAvatar: Deformable Point-based Head Avatars from Videoscited by 184
  31. 2020Real-Time High-Resolution Background Mattingcited by 173
  32. 2024SplattingAvatar: Realistic Real-Time Human Avatars with Mesh-Embedded Gaussian Splattingcited by 172
  33. 2022Instant Volumetric Head Avatarscited by 159
  34. 2018Nonlinear 3D Face Morphable Modelcited by 157
  35. 2021Robust High-Resolution Video Matting with Temporal Guidancecited by 137
  36. 2023Relightable Gaussian Codec Avatarscited by 127
  37. 2022Realistic One-shot Mesh-based Head Avatarscited by 119
  38. 2024Generalizable and Animatable Gaussian Head Avatarcited by 97

50 most cited of 73 All 73 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 20; 2026: 16.

36 papers.

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  1. 2025Avat3r: Large Animatable Gaussian Reconstruction Model for High-fidelity 3D Head Avatarscited by 53
  2. 2025Monocular and Generalizable Gaussian Talking Head Animationcited by 10
  3. 2025UP2You: Fast Reconstruction of Yourself from Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 10
  4. 2025SHeaP: Self-Supervised Head Geometry Predictor Learned via 2D Gaussianscited by 8
  5. 2025DyTact: Capturing Dynamic Contacts in Hand-Object Manipulationcited by 8
  6. 2025MPMAvatar: Learning 3D Gaussian Avatars with Accurate and Robust Physics-Based Dynamicscited by 8
  7. 2025CGS-GAN: 3D Consistent Gaussian Splatting GANs for High Resolution Human Head Synthesiscited by 6
  8. 2025Spatiotemporally Consistent Indoor Lighting Estimation with Diffusion Priorscited by 6
  9. 2025MV-Performer: Taming Video Diffusion Model for Faithful and Synchronized Multi-view Performer Synthesiscited by 4
  10. 2025STAvatar: Soft Binding and Temporal Density Control for Monocular 3D Head Avatars Reconstructioncited by 4
  11. 2026FastGHA: Generalized Few-Shot 3D Gaussian Head Avatars with Real-Time Animationcited by 4
  12. 2025Controlling Avatar Diffusion with Learnable Gaussian Embeddingcited by 3
24 more
  1. 2025HyperGaussians: High-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting for High-Fidelity Animatable Face Avatarscited by 3
  2. 2025Mind-to-Face: Neural-Driven Photorealistic Avatar Synthesis via EEG Decodingcited by 3
  3. 2025AGORA: Adversarial Generation Of Real-time Animatable 3D Gaussian Head Avatarscited by 3
  4. 2025FlexAvatar: Flexible Large Reconstruction Model for Animatable Gaussian Head Avatars with Detailed Deformationcited by 2
  5. 2025ArchitectHead: Continuous Level of Detail Control for 3D Gaussian Head Avatarscited by 1
  6. 2025FactorPortrait: Controllable Portrait Animation via Disentangled Expression, Pose, and Viewpointcited by 1
  7. 2026ELITE: Efficient Gaussian Head Avatar from a Monocular Video via Learned Initialization and TEst-time Generative Adaptationcited by 1
  8. 2026OMG-Avatar: One-shot Multi-LOD Gaussian Head Avatarcited by 1
  9. 2026AvatarPointillist: AutoRegressive 4D Gaussian Avatarizationcited by 1
  10. 2026Large-Scale High-Quality 3D Gaussian Head Reconstruction from Multi-View Capturescited by 1
  11. 2026Multi-view Consistent 3D Gaussian Head Avatars 'without' Multi-view Generationcited by 1
  12. 2025EgoAnimate: Generating Human Animations from Egocentric top-down Viewscited by 0
  13. 2025GLVD: Guided Learned Vertex Descentcited by 0
  14. 2025Instant Expressive Gaussian Head Avatars at Over 100 FPScited by 0
  15. 2026SARS: A Novel Face and Body Shape and Appearance Aware 3D Reconstruction System extends Morphable Modelscited by 0
  16. 2026FHAvatar: Fast and High-Fidelity Reconstruction of Face-and-Hair Composable 3D Head Avatar from Few Casual Capturescited by 0
  17. 2026EfficientMonoHair: Fast Strand-Level Reconstruction from Monocular Video via Multi-View Direction Fusioncited by 0
  18. 2026Self-Learning Expression Deformations for Data-Efficient Gaussian Avatarscited by 0
  19. 2026LentiAvatar: Pseudo-Multiview Reconstruction and Subpixel Prism Rendering for Real-Time Stereoscopic Communicationcited by 0
  20. 2026Detangled: A Framework for Creating, Editing, and Inferencing Feature Rich Hair Strandscited by 0
  21. 2026ViDS: Video Diffusion Shader using 3D Face Trackingcited by 0
  22. 2026Astrolabe: Spherical-Map Guidance Across Diffusion Pipelines for Full-Body Capture from Unconstrained Imagescited by 0
  23. 2026Relightable 3D Avatar Reconstruction with Semantic-Adaptive Motion-Illumination Responsescited by 0
  24. 2026Learning Semantic Inpainting for Animatable Gaussian Head Avatarscited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026GeoDiff4D: Geometry-Aware Diffusion for 4D Head Avatar Reconstruction
  2. 2026Splatshot: 3D Face Avatar Generation from a Single Unconstrained Photo
  3. 2025IM-Portrait: Learning 3D-aware Video Diffusion for Photorealistic Talking Heads from Monocular Videos
  4. 2026AHOY! Animatable Humans under Occlusion from YouTube Videos with Gaussian Splatting and Video Diffusion Priors
  5. 2025MoGA: 3D Generative Avatar Prior for Monocular Gaussian Avatar Reconstruction
  6. 2025GAS: Generative Avatar Synthesis from a Single Image
  7. 2023Gaussian3Diff: 3D Gaussian Diffusion for 3D Full Head Synthesis and Editing
  8. 2026Monocular Avatar Reconstruction via Cascaded Diffusion Priors and UV-Space Differentiable Shading