HAHA: Highly Articulated Gaussian Human Avatars with Textured Mesh Prior
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present HAHA - a novel approach for animatable human avatar generation from monocular input videos. The proposed method relies on learning the trade-off between the use of Gaussian splatting and a textured mesh for efficient and high fidelity rendering. We demonstrate its efficiency to animate and render full-body human avatars controlled via the SMPL-X parametric model. Our model learns to apply Gaussian splatting only in areas of the SMPL-X mesh where it is necessary, like hair and out-of-mesh clothing. This results in a minimal number of Gaussians being used to represent the full avatar, and reduced rendering artifacts. This allows us to handle the animation of small body parts such as fingers that are traditionally disregarded. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on two open datasets: SnapshotPeople and X-Humans. Our method demonstrates on par reconstruction quality to the state-of-the-art on SnapshotPeople, while using less than a third of Gaussians. HAHA outperforms previous state-of-the-art on novel poses from X-Humans both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Key facts. Cited by 31 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 51 of its 66 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Apr 2024.
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51 of 66 references.
References · 51
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- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
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- 2019PIFu: Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution Clothed Human Digitizationcited by 818
- 2023Dynamic 3D Gaussians: Tracking by Persistent Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 737
- 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 667
- 2020Neural Body: Implicit Neural Representations with Structured Latent Codes for Novel View Synthesis of Dynamic Humanscited by 634
- 2019VIBE: Video Inference for Human Body Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 620
- 2020Modular Primitives for High-Performance Differentiable Renderingcited by 441
- 2023GaussianAvatars: Photorealistic Head Avatars with Rigged 3D Gaussianscited by 260
38 more
- 2023GaussianShader: 3D Gaussian Splatting with Shading Functions for Reflective Surfacescited by 252
- 2018Video Based Reconstruction of 3D People Modelscited by 238
- 2020Monocular, One-stage, Regression of Multiple 3D Peoplecited by 218
- 2021Neural Head Avatars from Monocular RGB Videoscited by 213
- 20233DGS-Avatar: Animatable Avatars via Deformable 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 195
- 2023GaussianAvatar: Towards Realistic Human Avatar Modeling from a Single Video via Animatable 3D Gaussianscited by 191
- 20244D-Rotor Gaussian Splatting: Towards Efficient Novel View Synthesis for Dynamic Scenescited by 189
- 2021ARCH++: Animation-Ready Clothed Human Reconstruction Revisitedcited by 174
- 2023GPS-Gaussian: Generalizable Pixel-wise 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-time Human Novel View Synthesiscited by 170
- 2019Learning to Reconstruct People in Clothing from a Single RGB Cameracited by 168
- 2023GauHuman: Articulated Gaussian Splatting from Monocular Human Videoscited by 168
- 2023HumanRF: High-Fidelity Neural Radiance Fields for Humans in Motioncited by 161
- 2022InstantAvatar: Learning Avatars from Monocular Video in 60 Secondscited by 138
- 2023Relightable Gaussian Codec Avatarscited by 127
- 2022Photorealistic Monocular 3D Reconstruction of Humans Wearing Clothingcited by 126
- 2023DynMF: Neural Motion Factorization for Real-time Dynamic View Synthesis with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 124
- 2023GART: Gaussian Articulated Template Modelscited by 121
- 2023Drivable 3D Gaussian Avatarscited by 120
- 2018Detailed Human Avatars from Monocular Videocited by 109
- 2021Animatable Neural Radiance Fields from Monocular RGB Videoscited by 109
- 2023Human Gaussian Splatting: Real-time Rendering of Animatable Avatarscited by 105
- 2023ASH: Animatable Gaussian Splats for Efficient and Photoreal Human Renderingcited by 104
- 2023MonoGaussianAvatar: Monocular Gaussian Point-based Head Avatarcited by 89
- 2023MonoHuman: Animatable Human Neural Field from Monocular Videocited by 85
- 2023AvatarReX: Real-time Expressive Full-body Avatarscited by 84
- 2019Graphonomy: Universal Human Parsing via Graph Transfer Learningcited by 81
- 2023HiFi4G: High-Fidelity Human Performance Rendering via Compact Gaussian Splattingcited by 70
- 2024GaMeS: Mesh-Based Adapting and Modification of Gaussian Splattingcited by 70
- 2023X-Avatar: Expressive Human Avatarscited by 66
- 2021StylePeople: A Generative Model of Fullbody Human Avatarscited by 62
- 2023HeadGaS: Real-Time Animatable Head Avatars via 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 60
- 2020ANR: Articulated Neural Rendering for Virtual Avatarscited by 55
- 2024On the Error Analysis of 3D Gaussian Splatting and an Optimal Projection Strategycited by 39
- 2020Renovating Parsing R-CNN for Accurate Multiple Human Parsingcited by 37
- 2023SplatArmor: Articulated Gaussian splatting for animatable humans from monocular RGB videoscited by 35
- 2023DINAR: Diffusion Inpainting of Neural Textures for One-Shot Human Avatarscited by 28
- 2023Animatable and Relightable Gaussians for High-fidelity Human Avatar Modelingcited by 27
- 2023BakedAvatar: Baking Neural Fields for Real-Time Head Avatar Synthesiscited by 20
50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 9; 2025: 16; 2026: 6.
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- 2024MoSca: Dynamic Gaussian Fusion from Casual Videos via 4D Motion Scaffoldscited by 179
- 2024HumanSplat: Generalizable Single-Image Human Gaussian Splatting with Structure Priorscited by 54
- 2025Vid2Avatar-Pro: Authentic Avatar from Videos in the Wild via Universal Priorcited by 31
- 2024BillBoard Splatting (BBSplat): Learnable Textured Primitives for Novel View Synthesiscited by 25
- 2024Expressive Gaussian Human Avatars from Monocular RGB Videocited by 21
- 2024GaussianDreamerPro: Text to Manipulable 3D Gaussians with Highly Enhanced Qualitycited by 18
- 2024FewViewGS: Gaussian Splatting with Few View Matching and Multi-stage Trainingcited by 18
- 2025Real-time High-fidelity Gaussian Human Avatars with Position-based Interpolation of Spatially Distributed MLPscited by 12
- 2024SqueezeMe: Mobile-Ready Distillation of Gaussian Full-Body Avatarscited by 11
- 2024Gaussian Head & Shoulders: High Fidelity Neural Upper Body Avatars with Anchor Gaussian Guided Texture Warpingcited by 4
- 2025SVG-Head: Hybrid Surface-Volumetric Gaussians for High-Fidelity Head Reconstruction and Real-Time Editingcited by 4
- 2025ContraGS: Codebook-Condensed and Trainable Gaussian Splatting for Fast, Memory-Efficient Reconstructioncited by 4
19 more
- 2025Parametric Gaussian Human Model: Generalizable Prior for Efficient and Realistic Human Avatar Modelingcited by 3
- 2025Deblur-Avatar: Animatable Avatars from Motion-Blurred Monocular Videoscited by 2
- 2025SVAD: From Single Image to 3D Avatar via Synthetic Data Generation with Video Diffusion and Data Augmentationcited by 2
- 2024SOAR: Self-Occluded Avatar Recovery from a Single Video In the Wildcited by 1
- 2025Hybrid Mesh-Gaussian Representation for Efficient Indoor Scene Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2025Learning Efficient and Generalizable Human Representation with Human Gaussian Modelcited by 1
- 2025On the Skinning of Gaussian Avatarscited by 1
- 2025Frequency-Decomposed Avatar Representation for Varying Camera Distancescited by 1
- 2026NBAvatar: Neural Billboards Avatars with Realistic Hand-Face Interactioncited by 1
- 2025GSAC: Leveraging Gaussian Splatting for Photorealistic Avatar Creation with Unity Integrationcited by 0
- 2025GaussianGAN: Real-Time Photorealistic controllable Human Avatarscited by 0
- 2025HumanCrafter: Synergizing Generalizable Human Reconstruction and Semantic 3D Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025SkelSplat: Robust Multi-view 3D Human Pose Estimation with Differentiable Gaussian Renderingcited by 0
- 2025Gaussian Pixel Codec Avatars: A Hybrid Representation for Efficient Renderingcited by 0
- 2026ShapeGaussian: High-Fidelity 4D Human Reconstruction in Monocular Videos via Vision Priorscited by 0
- 2026LiftAvatar: Kinematic-Space Completion for Expression-Controlled 3D Gaussian Avatar Animationcited by 0
- 2026Generator-Refiner-Examiner: A Tri-Module Data Augmentation Framework for 3D Human Avatar Learning from Monocular Videoscited by 0
- 2026T3HG-Editor: Text-driven 3D Human Garment Editing with Body Priors Embedded in SMPL-Xcited by 0
- 2026FlowAvatar: Real-Time Full-Body Avatars from Sparse Egocentric Inputs on Consumer XR Devicescited by 0
- 2026FlowAvatar: Real-Time Full-Body Avatars from Sparse Egocentric Inputs on Consumer XR Devices12 Oct 2026
- 2026T3HG-Editor: Text-driven 3D Human Garment Editing with Body Priors Embedded in SMPL-X15 Jul 2026
- 2026Generator-Refiner-Examiner: A Tri-Module Data Augmentation Framework for 3D Human Avatar Learning from Monocular Videos22 May 2026
- 2026NBAvatar: Neural Billboards Avatars with Realistic Hand-Face Interaction12 Mar 2026
- 2026LiftAvatar: Kinematic-Space Completion for Expression-Controlled 3D Gaussian Avatar Animation2 Mar 2026
- 2026ShapeGaussian: High-Fidelity 4D Human Reconstruction in Monocular Videos via Vision Priors5 Feb 2026
- 2025Gaussian Pixel Codec Avatars: A Hybrid Representation for Efficient Rendering17 Dec 2025
- 2025Frequency-Decomposed Avatar Representation for Varying Camera Distances3 Dec 2025
- 2025SkelSplat: Robust Multi-view 3D Human Pose Estimation with Differentiable Gaussian Rendering11 Nov 2025
- 2025HumanCrafter: Synergizing Generalizable Human Reconstruction and Semantic 3D Segmentation1 Nov 2025
- 2025On the Skinning of Gaussian Avatars14 Sep 2025
- 2025ContraGS: Codebook-Condensed and Trainable Gaussian Splatting for Fast, Memory-Efficient Reconstruction3 Sep 2025
19 more
- 2025GaussianGAN: Real-Time Photorealistic controllable Human Avatars1 Sep 2025
- 2025SVG-Head: Hybrid Surface-Volumetric Gaussians for High-Fidelity Head Reconstruction and Real-Time Editing13 Aug 2025
- 2025Learning Efficient and Generalizable Human Representation with Human Gaussian Model24 Jul 2025
- 2025Hybrid Mesh-Gaussian Representation for Efficient Indoor Scene Reconstruction8 Jun 2025
- 2025Parametric Gaussian Human Model: Generalizable Prior for Efficient and Realistic Human Avatar Modeling7 Jun 2025
- 2025SVAD: From Single Image to 3D Avatar via Synthetic Data Generation with Video Diffusion and Data Augmentation8 May 2025
- 2025GSAC: Leveraging Gaussian Splatting for Photorealistic Avatar Creation with Unity Integration17 Apr 2025
- 2025Real-time High-fidelity Gaussian Human Avatars with Position-based Interpolation of Spatially Distributed MLPs17 Apr 2025
- 2025Vid2Avatar-Pro: Authentic Avatar from Videos in the Wild via Universal Prior3 Mar 2025
- 2025Deblur-Avatar: Animatable Avatars from Motion-Blurred Monocular Videos23 Jan 2025
- 2024SqueezeMe: Mobile-Ready Distillation of Gaussian Full-Body Avatars19 Dec 2024
- 2024BillBoard Splatting (BBSplat): Learnable Textured Primitives for Novel View Synthesis13 Nov 2024
- 2024FewViewGS: Gaussian Splatting with Few View Matching and Multi-stage Training4 Nov 2024
- 2024SOAR: Self-Occluded Avatar Recovery from a Single Video In the Wild31 Oct 2024
- 2024Expressive Gaussian Human Avatars from Monocular RGB Video3 Jul 2024
- 2024GaussianDreamerPro: Text to Manipulable 3D Gaussians with Highly Enhanced Quality26 Jun 2024
- 2024HumanSplat: Generalizable Single-Image Human Gaussian Splatting with Structure Priors18 Jun 2024
- 2024MoSca: Dynamic Gaussian Fusion from Casual Videos via 4D Motion Scaffolds27 May 2024
- 2024Gaussian Head & Shoulders: High Fidelity Neural Upper Body Avatars with Anchor Gaussian Guided Texture Warping20 May 2024
- 2024MoSca: Dynamic Gaussian Fusion from Casual Videos via 4D Motion Scaffoldscited by 179
- 2024HumanSplat: Generalizable Single-Image Human Gaussian Splatting with Structure Priorscited by 54
- 2025Vid2Avatar-Pro: Authentic Avatar from Videos in the Wild via Universal Priorcited by 31
- 2024BillBoard Splatting (BBSplat): Learnable Textured Primitives for Novel View Synthesiscited by 25
- 2024Expressive Gaussian Human Avatars from Monocular RGB Videocited by 21
- 2024GaussianDreamerPro: Text to Manipulable 3D Gaussians with Highly Enhanced Qualitycited by 18
- 2024FewViewGS: Gaussian Splatting with Few View Matching and Multi-stage Trainingcited by 18
- 2025Real-time High-fidelity Gaussian Human Avatars with Position-based Interpolation of Spatially Distributed MLPscited by 12
- 2024SqueezeMe: Mobile-Ready Distillation of Gaussian Full-Body Avatarscited by 11
- 2024Gaussian Head & Shoulders: High Fidelity Neural Upper Body Avatars with Anchor Gaussian Guided Texture Warpingcited by 4
- 2025SVG-Head: Hybrid Surface-Volumetric Gaussians for High-Fidelity Head Reconstruction and Real-Time Editingcited by 4
- 2025ContraGS: Codebook-Condensed and Trainable Gaussian Splatting for Fast, Memory-Efficient Reconstructioncited by 4
12 most cited of 29 All 29 (JSON)
- 2026FlowAvatar: Real-Time Full-Body Avatars from Sparse Egocentric Inputs on Consumer XR Devices12 Oct 2026
- 2026T3HG-Editor: Text-driven 3D Human Garment Editing with Body Priors Embedded in SMPL-X15 Jul 2026
- 2026Generator-Refiner-Examiner: A Tri-Module Data Augmentation Framework for 3D Human Avatar Learning from Monocular Videos22 May 2026
- 2026NBAvatar: Neural Billboards Avatars with Realistic Hand-Face Interaction12 Mar 2026
- 2026LiftAvatar: Kinematic-Space Completion for Expression-Controlled 3D Gaussian Avatar Animation2 Mar 2026
- 2026ShapeGaussian: High-Fidelity 4D Human Reconstruction in Monocular Videos via Vision Priors5 Feb 2026
- 2025Gaussian Pixel Codec Avatars: A Hybrid Representation for Efficient Rendering17 Dec 2025
- 2025Frequency-Decomposed Avatar Representation for Varying Camera Distances3 Dec 2025
- 2025SkelSplat: Robust Multi-view 3D Human Pose Estimation with Differentiable Gaussian Rendering11 Nov 2025
- 2025HumanCrafter: Synergizing Generalizable Human Reconstruction and Semantic 3D Segmentation1 Nov 2025
- 2025On the Skinning of Gaussian Avatars14 Sep 2025
- 2025ContraGS: Codebook-Condensed and Trainable Gaussian Splatting for Fast, Memory-Efficient Reconstruction3 Sep 2025
12 newest of 29 All 29 (JSON)