mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Co-SLAM: Joint Coordinate and Sparse Parametric Encodings for Neural Real-Time SLAM

arXiv 2304.14377 ↗First posted 27 Apr 2023cs.CVcited by 184

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present Co-SLAM, a neural RGB-D SLAM system based on a hybrid representation, that performs robust camera tracking and high-fidelity surface reconstruction in real time. Co-SLAM represents the scene as a multi-resolution hash-grid to exploit its high convergence speed and ability to represent high-frequency local features. In addition, Co-SLAM incorporates one-blob encoding, to encourage surface coherence and completion in unobserved areas. This joint parametric-coordinate encoding enables real-time and robust performance by bringing the best of both worlds: fast convergence and surface hole filling. Moreover, our ray sampling strategy allows Co-SLAM to perform global bundle adjustment over all keyframes instead of requiring keyframe selection to maintain a small number of active keyframes as competing neural SLAM approaches do. Experimental results show that Co-SLAM runs at 10-17Hz and achieves state-of-the-art scene reconstruction results, and competitive tracking performance in various datasets and benchmarks (ScanNet, TUM, Replica, Synthetic RGBD). Project page: https://hengyiwang.github.io/projects/CoSLAM

Key facts. Cited by 184 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Apr 2023.

Builds on

28 of 42 references.

References · 28

  1. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,723
  2. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
  3. 2020Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functionscited by 2,238
  4. 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,712
  5. 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,613
  6. 2018On the Spectral Bias of Neural Networkscited by 1,341
  7. 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,205
  8. 2021Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 996
  9. 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 964
  10. 2020Neural Sparse Voxel Fieldscited by 959
  11. 2019The Replica Dataset: A Digital Replica of Indoor Spacescited by 904
  12. 2016ORB-SLAM2: an Open-Source SLAM System for Monocular, Stereo and RGB-D Camerascited by 806
16 more
  1. 2021DROID-SLAM: Deep Visual SLAM for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 687
  2. 2021NICE-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scalable Encoding for SLAMcited by 589
  3. 2021iMAP: Implicit Mapping and Positioning in Real-Timecited by 476
  4. 2022MonoSDF: Exploring Monocular Geometric Cues for Neural Implicit Surface Reconstructioncited by 470
  5. 2021Neural Geometric Level of Detail: Real-time Rendering with Implicit 3D Shapescited by 426
  6. 2021Neural RGB-D Surface Reconstructioncited by 313
  7. 2020D3VO: Deep Depth, Deep Pose and Deep Uncertainty for Monocular Visual Odometrycited by 206
  8. 2018Neural Importance Samplingcited by 155
  9. 2017CNN-SLAM: Real-time dense monocular SLAM with learned depth predictioncited by 152
  10. 2022Neural 3D Scene Reconstruction with the Manhattan-world Assumptioncited by 123
  11. 2016BundleFusion: Real-time Globally Consistent 3D Reconstruction using On-the-fly Surface Re-integrationcited by 116
  12. 2022Voxurf: Voxel-based Efficient and Accurate Neural Surface Reconstructioncited by 94
  13. 2022ReLU Fields: The Little Non-linearity That Couldcited by 87
  14. 2022GO-Surf: Neural Feature Grid Optimization for Fast, High-Fidelity RGB-D Surface Reconstructioncited by 61
  15. 2022Vox-Surf: Voxel-based Implicit Surface Representationcited by 49
  16. 2021TANDEM: Tracking and Dense Mapping in Real-time using Deep Multi-view Stereocited by 39

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 19; 2024: 73; 2025: 56; 2026: 36.

184 papers.

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  1. 2025Continuous 3D Perception Model with Persistent Statecited by 548
  2. 2023Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 415
  3. 2023SplaTAM: Splat, Track & Map 3D Gaussians for Dense RGB-D SLAMcited by 388
  4. 2023GS-SLAM: Dense Visual SLAM with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 278
  5. 20243D Reconstruction with Spatial Memorycited by 277
  6. 2024A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 224
  7. 2023Gaussian-SLAM: Photo-realistic Dense SLAM with Gaussian Splattingcited by 154
  8. 2023Photo-SLAM: Real-time Simultaneous Localization and Photorealistic Mapping for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 141
  9. 2025MUSt3R: Multi-view Network for Stereo 3D Reconstructioncited by 141
  10. 2024Recent Advances in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 131
  11. 2024SGS-SLAM: Semantic Gaussian Splatting For Neural Dense SLAMcited by 87
  12. 2024How NeRFs and 3D Gaussian Splatting are Reshaping SLAM: a Surveycited by 72
38 more
  1. 2024Splat-SLAM: Globally Optimized RGB-only SLAM with 3D Gaussianscited by 66
  2. 2023PLGSLAM: Progressive Neural Scene Represenation with Local to Global Bundle Adjustmentcited by 63
  3. 2024CG-SLAM: Efficient Dense RGB-D SLAM in a Consistent Uncertainty-aware 3D Gaussian Fieldcited by 61
  4. 2023DFormer: Rethinking RGBD Representation Learning for Semantic Segmentationcited by 60
  5. 2024LoopSplat: Loop Closure by Registering 3D Gaussian Splatscited by 60
  6. 2025WildGS-SLAM: Monocular Gaussian Splatting SLAM in Dynamic Environmentscited by 50
  7. 2024Loopy-SLAM: Dense Neural SLAM with Loop Closurescited by 48
  8. 2025LONG3R: Long Sequence Streaming 3D Reconstructioncited by 45
  9. 2024PIN-SLAM: LiDAR SLAM Using a Point-Based Implicit Neural Representation for Achieving Global Map Consistencycited by 42
  10. 2024SemGauss-SLAM: Dense Semantic Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 42
  11. 2025Multimodal Fusion and Vision-Language Models: A Survey for Robot Visioncited by 40
  12. 2024GlORIE-SLAM: Globally Optimized RGB-only Implicit Encoding Point Cloud SLAMcited by 36
  13. 2024EndoGSLAM: Real-Time Dense Reconstruction and Tracking in Endoscopic Surgeries using Gaussian Splattingcited by 33
  14. 2023CP-SLAM: Collaborative Neural Point-based SLAM Systemcited by 32
  15. 2023HI-SLAM: Monocular Real-time Dense Mapping with Hybrid Implicit Fieldscited by 31
  16. 2025DFormerv2: Geometry Self-Attention for RGBD Semantic Segmentationcited by 31
  17. 2025What Is The Best 3D Scene Representation for Robotics? From Geometric to Foundation Modelscited by 29
  18. 2024NARUTO: Neural Active Reconstruction from Uncertain Target Observationscited by 28
  19. 2024Compact 3D Gaussian Splatting For Dense Visual SLAMcited by 25
  20. 2024HI-SLAM2: Geometry-Aware Gaussian SLAM for Fast Monocular Scene Reconstructioncited by 25
  21. 2023MIPS-Fusion: Multi-Implicit-Submaps for Scalable and Robust Online Neural RGB-D Reconstructioncited by 24
  22. 2023DNS SLAM: Dense Neural Semantic-Informed SLAMcited by 23
  23. 2024DDN-SLAM: Real-time Dense Dynamic Neural Implicit SLAMcited by 23
  24. 2024MG-SLAM: Structure Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Manhattan World Hypothesiscited by 22
  25. 2025Outdoor Monocular SLAM with Global Scale-Consistent 3D Gaussian Pointmapscited by 22
  26. 2024GSFusion: Online RGB-D Mapping Where Gaussian Splatting Meets TSDF Fusioncited by 20
  27. 2025AMB3R: Accurate Feed-forward Metric-scale 3D Reconstruction with Backendcited by 20
  28. 2024Neural Radiance Field in Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 19
  29. 2024NIS-SLAM: Neural Implicit Semantic RGB-D SLAM for 3D Consistent Scene Understandingcited by 19
  30. 2024MoD-SLAM: Monocular Dense Mapping for Unbounded 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 18
  31. 2023Implicit Event-RGBD Neural SLAMcited by 16
  32. 2024NEDS-SLAM: A Neural Explicit Dense Semantic SLAM Framework using 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 16
  33. 2025Sat2City: 3D City Generation from A Single Satellite Image with Cascaded Latent Diffusioncited by 16
  34. 2024High-Fidelity SLAM Using Gaussian Splatting with Rendering-Guided Densification and Regularized Optimizationcited by 15
  35. 2024Hier-SLAM: Scaling-up Semantics in SLAM with a Hierarchically Categorical Gaussian Splattingcited by 15
  36. 2024PISR: Polarimetric Neural Implicit Surface Reconstruction for Textureless and Specular Objectscited by 15
  37. 2025DenseSplat: Densifying Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Neural Radiance Priorcited by 14
  38. 2024HPC: Hierarchical Progressive Coding Framework for Volumetric Videocited by 13

50 most cited of 184 All 184 (JSON)