MUSt3R: Multi-view Network for Stereo 3D Reconstruction
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Abstract (arXiv)
DUSt3R introduced a novel paradigm in geometric computer vision by proposing a model that can provide dense and unconstrained Stereo 3D Reconstruction of arbitrary image collections with no prior information about camera calibration nor viewpoint poses. Under the hood, however, DUSt3R processes image pairs, regressing local 3D reconstructions that need to be aligned in a global coordinate system. The number of pairs, growing quadratically, is an inherent limitation that becomes especially concerning for robust and fast optimization in the case of large image collections. In this paper, we propose an extension of DUSt3R from pairs to multiple views, that addresses all aforementioned concerns. Indeed, we propose a Multi-view Network for Stereo 3D Reconstruction, or MUSt3R, that modifies the DUSt3R architecture by making it symmetric and extending it to directly predict 3D structure for all views in a common coordinate frame. Second, we entail the model with a multi-layer memory mechanism which allows to reduce the computational complexity and to scale the reconstruction to large collections, inferring thousands of 3D pointmaps at high frame-rates with limited added complexity. The framework is designed to perform 3D reconstruction both offline and online, and hence can be seamlessly applied to SfM and visual SLAM scenarios showing state-of-the-art performance on various 3D downstream tasks, including uncalibrated Visual Odometry, relative camera pose, scale and focal estimation, 3D reconstruction and multi-view depth estimation.
Key facts. Cited by 141 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 65 of its 89 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Mar 2025.
Builds on
65 of 89 references.
References · 65
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
- 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,703
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
- 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,032
- 2021Vision Transformers for Dense Predictioncited by 1,803
- 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,567
- 2023Zero-1-to-3: Zero-shot One Image to 3D Objectcited by 1,489
- 2019Habitat: A Platform for Embodied AI Researchcited by 1,191
- 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3Rcited by 983
- 2019The Replica Dataset: A Digital Replica of Indoor Spacescited by 904
- 2015A Large Dataset to Train Convolutional Networks for Disparity, Optical Flow, and Scene Flow Estimationcited by 881
- 2020ORB-SLAM3: An Accurate Open-Source Library for Visual, Visual-Inertial and Multi-Map SLAMcited by 878
38 more
- 2016ORB-SLAM2: an Open-Source SLAM System for Monocular, Stereo and RGB-D Camerascited by 806
- 2023ScanNet++: A High-Fidelity Dataset of 3D Indoor Scenescited by 764
- 2018MegaDepth: Learning Single-View Depth Prediction from Internet Photoscited by 737
- 2021DROID-SLAM: Deep Visual SLAM for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 687
- 2021Common Objects in 3D: Large-Scale Learning and Evaluation of Real-life 3D Category Reconstructioncited by 652
- 2021NICE-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scalable Encoding for SLAMcited by 589
- 2022Efficiently Scaling Transformer Inferencecited by 539
- 2023DL3DV-10K: A Large-Scale Scene Dataset for Deep Learning-based 3D Visioncited by 537
- 2020TartanAir: A Dataset to Push the Limits of Visual SLAMcited by 506
- 2019BlendedMVS: A Large-scale Dataset for Generalized Multi-view Stereo Networkscited by 490
- 2016Direct Sparse Odometrycited by 485
- 2021ARKitScenes: A Diverse Real-World Dataset For 3D Indoor Scene Understanding Using Mobile RGB-D Datacited by 454
- 2024MonST3R: A Simple Approach for Estimating Geometry in the Presence of Motioncited by 442
- 2023Gaussian Splatting SLAMcited by 415
- 2021Neural RGB-D Surface Reconstructioncited by 313
- 20243D Reconstruction with Spatial Memorycited by 277
- 2023Visual Geometry Grounded Deep Structure From Motioncited by 227
- 2016DeMoN: Depth and Motion Network for Learning Monocular Stereocited by 201
- 2022Deep Patch Visual Odometrycited by 190
- 2022NeRF-SLAM: Real-Time Dense Monocular SLAM with Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 188
- 2018DeepV2D: Video to Depth with Differentiable Structure from Motioncited by 185
- 2023Co-SLAM: Joint Coordinate and Sparse Parametric Encodings for Neural Real-Time SLAMcited by 184
- 2022CroCo v2: Improved Cross-view Completion Pre-training for Stereo Matching and Optical Flowcited by 166
- 2023NICER-SLAM: Neural Implicit Scene Encoding for RGB SLAMcited by 164
- 2024MASt3R-SfM: a Fully-Integrated Solution for Unconstrained Structure-from-Motioncited by 162
- 2022CroCo: Self-Supervised Pre-training for 3D Vision Tasks by Cross-View Completioncited by 160
- 2023PoseDiffusion: Solving Pose Estimation via Diffusion-aided Bundle Adjustmentcited by 147
- 2024Cameras as Rays: Pose Estimation via Ray Diffusioncited by 131
- 2021SMD-Nets: Stereo Mixture Density Networkscited by 120
- 2020DeepFactors: Real-Time Probabilistic Dense Monocular SLAMcited by 117
- 2024RGBD Objects in the Wild: Scaling Real-World 3D Object Learning from RGB-D Videoscited by 115
- 2022Map-free Visual Relocalization: Metric Pose Relative to a Single Imagecited by 114
- 2022RelPose: Predicting Probabilistic Relative Rotation for Single Objects in the Wildcited by 102
- 2022Orbeez-SLAM: A Real-time Monocular Visual SLAM with ORB Features and NeRF-realized Mappingcited by 79
- 2024Scene Coordinate Reconstruction: Posing of Image Collections via Incremental Learning of a Relocalizercited by 73
- 2024How NeRFs and 3D Gaussian Splatting are Reshaping SLAM: a Surveycited by 72
- 2018VisemeNet: Audio-Driven Animator-Centric Speech Animationcited by 63
- 2024FlowMap: High-Quality Camera Poses, Intrinsics, and Depth via Gradient Descentcited by 61
50 most cited of 65 All 65 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 54; 2026: 87.
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- 2026S4VY: Segment Anything in Feed-Forward 4D Visual Geometry29 Sep 2026
- 2026Does the VGGT Family Need All Its Layers?29 Sep 2026
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12 newest of 127 All 127 (JSON)