On Self-Contact and Human Pose
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Abstract (arXiv)
People touch their face 23 times an hour, they cross their arms and legs, put their hands on their hips, etc. While many images of people contain some form of self-contact, current 3D human pose and shape (HPS) regression methods typically fail to estimate this contact. To address this, we develop new datasets and methods that significantly improve human pose estimation with self-contact. First, we create a dataset of 3D Contact Poses (3DCP) containing SMPL-X bodies fit to 3D scans as well as poses from AMASS, which we refine to ensure good contact. Second, we leverage this to create the Mimic-The-Pose (MTP) dataset of images, collected via Amazon Mechanical Turk, containing people mimicking the 3DCP poses with selfcontact. Third, we develop a novel HPS optimization method, SMPLify-XMC, that includes contact constraints and uses the known 3DCP body pose during fitting to create near ground-truth poses for MTP images. Fourth, for more image variety, we label a dataset of in-the-wild images with Discrete Self-Contact (DSC) information and use another new optimization method, SMPLify-DC, that exploits discrete contacts during pose optimization. Finally, we use our datasets during SPIN training to learn a new 3D human pose regressor, called TUCH (Towards Understanding Contact in Humans). We show that the new self-contact training data significantly improves 3D human pose estimates on withheld test data and existing datasets like 3DPW. Not only does our method improve results for self-contact poses, but it also improves accuracy for non-contact poses. The code and data are available for research purposes at https://tuch.is.tue.mpg.de.
Key facts. Cited by 88 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Apr 2021.
Builds on
17 of 50 references.
References · 17
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,600
- 2019AMASS: Archive of Motion Capture as Surface Shapescited by 1,208
- 2017End-to-end Recovery of Human Shape and Posecited by 883
- 2016Keep it SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Imagecited by 692
- 2019Learning to Reconstruct 3D Human Pose and Shape via Model-fitting in the Loopcited by 625
- 2016Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation In The Wild Using Improved CNN Supervisioncited by 493
- 2019Resolving 3D Human Pose Ambiguities with 3D Scene Constraintscited by 294
- 2018Total Capture: A 3D Deformation Model for Tracking Faces, Hands, and Bodiescited by 239
- 2018Monocular Total Capture: Posing Face, Body, and Hands in the Wildcited by 162
- 2018Ordinal Depth Supervision for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 107
- 2019XNect: Real-time Multi-Person 3D Motion Capture with a Single RGB Cameracited by 68
5 more
- 2020MonoClothCap: Towards Temporally Coherent Clothing Capture from Monocular RGB Videocited by 62
- 2019Estimating 3D Motion and Forces of Person-Object Interactions from Monocular Videocited by 48
- 2020Learning Complex 3D Human Self-Contactcited by 40
- 2020Detecting Hands and Recognizing Physical Contact in the Wildcited by 38
- 2018A survey on Deep Learning Advances on Different 3D Data Representationscited by 25
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 13; 2023: 22; 2024: 22; 2025: 12; 2026: 9.
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- 2022BEHAVE: Dataset and Method for Tracking Human Object Interactionscited by 246
- 2022CLIFF: Carrying Location Information in Full Frames into Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 237
- 2023BEDLAM: A Synthetic Dataset of Bodies Exhibiting Detailed Lifelike Animated Motioncited by 229
- 2022Capturing and Inferring Dense Full-Body Human-Scene Contactcited by 176
- 2023SMPLer-X: Scaling Up Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 154
- 2021Probabilistic Modeling for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 152
- 2022PyMAF-X: Towards Well-aligned Full-body Model Regression from Monocular Imagescited by 152
- 2021GLAMR: Global Occlusion-Aware Human Mesh Recovery with Dynamic Camerascited by 151
- 2021Putting People in their Place: Monocular Regression of 3D People in Depthcited by 141
- 2021Collaborative Regression of Expressive Bodies using Moderationcited by 137
- 2021SPEC: Seeing People in the Wild with an Estimated Cameracited by 134
- 2023One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformercited by 128
38 more
- 2022HuMMan: Multi-Modal 4D Human Dataset for Versatile Sensing and Modelingcited by 115
- 2022Recovering 3D Human Mesh from Monocular Images: A Surveycited by 103
- 20233D Human Pose Estimation via Intuitive Physicscited by 100
- 2022CHORE: Contact, Human and Object REconstruction from a single RGB imagecited by 95
- 2022Fine-Grained Egocentric Hand-Object Segmentation: Dataset, Model, and Applicationscited by 78
- 2023Human-Art: A Versatile Human-Centric Dataset Bridging Natural and Artificial Scenescited by 68
- 2021Learning to Estimate Robust 3D Human Mesh from In-the-Wild Crowded Scenescited by 64
- 2023DECO: Dense Estimation of 3D Human-Scene Contact In The Wildcited by 54
- 2022Accurate 3D Body Shape Regression using Metric and Semantic Attributescited by 49
- 2023ReFit: Recurrent Fitting Network for 3D Human Recoverycited by 47
- 2023Generative Proxemics: A Prior for 3D Social Interaction from Imagescited by 43
- 2023Zolly: Zoom Focal Length Correctly for Perspective-Distorted Human Mesh Reconstructioncited by 41
- 2023Probabilistic Human Mesh Recovery in 3D Scenes from Egocentric Viewscited by 33
- 2023PACE: Human and Camera Motion Estimation from in-the-wild Videoscited by 33
- 2021Contact-Aware Retargeting of Skinned Motioncited by 31
- 2025SMPLest-X: Ultimate Scaling for Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 31
- 2021HSPACE: Synthetic Parametric Humans Animated in Complex Environmentscited by 29
- 2022HULC: 3D Human Motion Capture with Pose Manifold Sampling and Dense Contact Guidancecited by 29
- 2024Joint Reconstruction of 3D Human and Object via Contact-Based Refinement Transformercited by 29
- 2025DRAWER: Digital Reconstruction and Articulation With Environment Realismcited by 29
- 2022Benchmarking and Analyzing 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation Beyond Algorithmscited by 28
- 2024HMD^2: Environment-aware Motion Generation from Single Egocentric Head-Mounted Devicecited by 26
- 2023Back to Optimization: Diffusion-based Zero-Shot 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 24
- 2021BodyPressure -- Inferring Body Pose and Contact Pressure from a Depth Imagecited by 20
- 2024Programmable Motion Generation for Open-Set Motion Control Taskscited by 20
- 2023Decaf: Monocular Deformation Capture for Face and Hand Interactionscited by 17
- 2024MMVP: A Multimodal MoCap Dataset with Vision and Pressure Sensorscited by 16
- 2022Learning Visibility for Robust Dense Human Body Estimationcited by 15
- 2024COIN: Control-Inpainting Diffusion Prior for Human and Camera Motion Estimationcited by 15
- 2023Reconstructing Three-Dimensional Models of Interacting Humanscited by 14
- 2024SignAvatar: Sign Language 3D Motion Reconstruction and Generationcited by 14
- 2023Reconstructing Signing Avatars From Video Using Linguistic Priorscited by 12
- 2025Learning Dense Hand Contact Estimation from Imbalanced Datacited by 12
- 2024ChatHuman: Chatting about 3D Humans with Toolscited by 11
- 2023ProxyCap: Real-time Monocular Full-body Capture in World Space via Human-Centric Proxy-to-Motion Learningcited by 9
- 2024HOIST-Former: Hand-held Objects Identification, Segmentation, and Tracking in the Wildcited by 9
- 2024DICE: End-to-end Deformation Capture of Hand-Face Interactions from a Single Imagecited by 9
- 2025ETCH: Generalizing Body Fitting to Clothed Humans via Equivariant Tightnesscited by 9
50 most cited of 88 All 88 (JSON)
- 2026Reconstructing Humans and Objects in Interaction using Large Reconstruction Models27 Aug 2026
- 2026GNOCHI: Generative Neural mOdel for Close Human-Human Interactions11 Jul 2026
- 2026RoMo: A Large-Scale, Richly Organized Dataset and Semantic Taxonomy for Human Motion Generation25 May 2026
- 2026Anny-Fit: All-Age Human Mesh Recovery6 May 2026
- 2026OmniFit: Multi-modal 3D Body Fitting via Scale-agnostic Dense Landmark Prediction23 Apr 2026
- 2026Pi-HOC: Pairwise 3D Human-Object Contact Estimation14 Apr 2026
- 2026ETCH-X: Robustify Expressive Body Fitting to Clothed Humans with Composable Datasets9 Apr 2026
- 2026GraphiContact: Pose-aware Human-Scene Robust Contact Perception for Interactive Systems19 Mar 2026
- 2026Flexible Geometric Guidance for Probabilistic Human Pose Estimation with Diffusion Models3 Feb 2026
- 2025Improving the Plausibility of Pressure Distributions Synthesized from Depth Image through Generative Modeling15 Dec 2025
- 2025Contact-Aware Refinement of Human Pose Pseudo-Ground Truth via Bioimpedance Sensing4 Dec 2025
- 2025Generative Modeling of Shape-Dependent Self-Contact Human Poses27 Sep 2025
38 more
- 2025ScoreHOI: Physically Plausible Reconstruction of Human-Object Interaction via Score-Guided Diffusion9 Sep 2025
- 2025MAMMA: Markerless & Automatic Multi-Person Motion Action Capture16 Jun 2025
- 2025MetricHMSR:Metric Human Mesh and Scene Recovery from Monocular Images11 Jun 2025
- 2025Learning Dense Hand Contact Estimation from Imbalanced Data16 May 2025
- 2025GRACE: Estimating Geometry-level 3D Human-Scene Contact from 2D Images10 May 2025
- 2025DRAWER: Digital Reconstruction and Articulation With Environment Realism21 Apr 2025
- 2025ETCH: Generalizing Body Fitting to Clothed Humans via Equivariant Tightness13 Mar 2025
- 2025PI-HMR: Towards Robust In-bed Temporal Human Shape Reconstruction with Contact Pressure Sensing27 Feb 2025
- 2025SMPLest-X: Ultimate Scaling for Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation16 Jan 2025
- 2024Ask, Pose, Unite: Scaling Data Acquisition for Close Interactions with Vision Language Models1 Oct 2024
- 2024HMD^2: Environment-aware Motion Generation from Single Egocentric Head-Mounted Device20 Sep 2024
- 2024PoseEmbroider: Towards a 3D, Visual, Semantic-aware Human Pose Representation10 Sep 2024
- 2024COIN: Control-Inpainting Diffusion Prior for Human and Camera Motion Estimation29 Aug 2024
- 2024Single-image coherent reconstruction of objects and humans15 Aug 2024
- 2024AvatarPose: Avatar-guided 3D Pose Estimation of Close Human Interaction from Sparse Multi-view Videos4 Aug 2024
- 2024Weakly-Supervised 3D Hand Reconstruction with Knowledge Prior and Uncertainty Guidance17 Jul 2024
- 2024DICE: End-to-end Deformation Capture of Hand-Face Interactions from a Single Image26 Jun 2024
- 2024MeshPose: Unifying DensePose and 3D Body Mesh reconstruction14 Jun 2024
- 2024KITRO: Refining Human Mesh by 2D Clues and Kinematic-tree Rotation30 May 2024
- 2024Programmable Motion Generation for Open-Set Motion Control Tasks29 May 2024
- 2024SignAvatar: Sign Language 3D Motion Reconstruction and Generation13 May 2024
- 2024ChatHuman: Chatting about 3D Humans with Tools7 May 2024
- 2024Pose Priors from Language Models6 May 2024
- 2024HOIST-Former: Hand-held Objects Identification, Segmentation, and Tracking in the Wild22 Apr 2024
- 2024Joint Reconstruction of 3D Human and Object via Contact-Based Refinement Transformer7 Apr 2024
- 2024BodyMAP -- Jointly Predicting Body Mesh and 3D Applied Pressure Map for People in Bed4 Apr 2024
- 2024MMVP: A Multimodal MoCap Dataset with Vision and Pressure Sensors26 Mar 2024
- 2024Personalized 3D Human Pose and Shape Refinement18 Mar 2024
- 2024CLOAF: CoLlisiOn-Aware Human Flow14 Mar 2024
- 2024Platypose: Calibrated Zero-Shot Multi-Hypothesis 3D Human Motion Estimation10 Mar 2024
- 2024ShapeBoost: Boosting Human Shape Estimation with Part-Based Parameterization and Clothing-Preserving Augmentation2 Mar 2024
- 2023Efficient Domain Adaptation via Generative Prior for 3D Infant Pose Estimation17 Nov 2023
- 2023PACE: Human and Camera Motion Estimation from in-the-wild Videos20 Oct 2023
- 2023A Large-Scale 3D Face Mesh Video Dataset via Neural Re-parameterized Optimization4 Oct 2023
- 2023SMPLer-X: Scaling Up Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation29 Sep 2023
- 2023Decaf: Monocular Deformation Capture for Face and Hand Interactions28 Sep 2023
- 2023DECO: Dense Estimation of 3D Human-Scene Contact In The Wild26 Sep 2023
- 2023AnthroNet: Conditional Generation of Humans via Anthropometrics7 Sep 2023
50 newest of 88 All 88 (JSON)
- 2023Generative Proxemics: A Prior for 3D Social Interaction from Imagescited by 43
- 2024COIN: Control-Inpainting Diffusion Prior for Human and Camera Motion Estimationcited by 15
- 2025ScoreHOI: Physically Plausible Reconstruction of Human-Object Interaction via Score-Guided Diffusioncited by 9
- 2025Improving the Plausibility of Pressure Distributions Synthesized from Depth Image through Generative Modelingcited by 0
- 2026Flexible Geometric Guidance for Probabilistic Human Pose Estimation with Diffusion Modelscited by 0
- 2026Flexible Geometric Guidance for Probabilistic Human Pose Estimation with Diffusion Models3 Feb 2026
- 2025Improving the Plausibility of Pressure Distributions Synthesized from Depth Image through Generative Modeling15 Dec 2025
- 2025ScoreHOI: Physically Plausible Reconstruction of Human-Object Interaction via Score-Guided Diffusion9 Sep 2025
- 2024COIN: Control-Inpainting Diffusion Prior for Human and Camera Motion Estimation29 Aug 2024
- 2023Generative Proxemics: A Prior for 3D Social Interaction from Images15 Jun 2023
- 2022BEHAVE: Dataset and Method for Tracking Human Object Interactionscited by 246
- 2022CLIFF: Carrying Location Information in Full Frames into Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 237
- 2023BEDLAM: A Synthetic Dataset of Bodies Exhibiting Detailed Lifelike Animated Motioncited by 229
- 2022Capturing and Inferring Dense Full-Body Human-Scene Contactcited by 176
- 2023SMPLer-X: Scaling Up Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 154
- 2021Probabilistic Modeling for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 152
- 2022PyMAF-X: Towards Well-aligned Full-body Model Regression from Monocular Imagescited by 152
- 2021GLAMR: Global Occlusion-Aware Human Mesh Recovery with Dynamic Camerascited by 151
- 2021Putting People in their Place: Monocular Regression of 3D People in Depthcited by 141
- 2021Collaborative Regression of Expressive Bodies using Moderationcited by 137
- 2021SPEC: Seeing People in the Wild with an Estimated Cameracited by 134
- 2023One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformercited by 128
12 most cited of 82 All 82 (JSON)
- 2026Reconstructing Humans and Objects in Interaction using Large Reconstruction Models27 Aug 2026
- 2026GNOCHI: Generative Neural mOdel for Close Human-Human Interactions11 Jul 2026
- 2026RoMo: A Large-Scale, Richly Organized Dataset and Semantic Taxonomy for Human Motion Generation25 May 2026
- 2026Anny-Fit: All-Age Human Mesh Recovery6 May 2026
- 2026OmniFit: Multi-modal 3D Body Fitting via Scale-agnostic Dense Landmark Prediction23 Apr 2026
- 2026Pi-HOC: Pairwise 3D Human-Object Contact Estimation14 Apr 2026
- 2026ETCH-X: Robustify Expressive Body Fitting to Clothed Humans with Composable Datasets9 Apr 2026
- 2026GraphiContact: Pose-aware Human-Scene Robust Contact Perception for Interactive Systems19 Mar 2026
- 2025Contact-Aware Refinement of Human Pose Pseudo-Ground Truth via Bioimpedance Sensing4 Dec 2025
- 2025Generative Modeling of Shape-Dependent Self-Contact Human Poses27 Sep 2025
- 2025MAMMA: Markerless & Automatic Multi-Person Motion Action Capture16 Jun 2025
- 2025MetricHMSR:Metric Human Mesh and Scene Recovery from Monocular Images11 Jun 2025
12 newest of 82 All 82 (JSON)
Similar, not cited
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- 2025PHD: Personalized 3D Human Body Fitting with Point Diffusion
- 2025DPoser-X: Diffusion Model as Robust 3D Whole-body Human Pose Prior
- 2023DiffHPE: Robust, Coherent 3D Human Pose Lifting with Diffusion
- 2025Analyzing the Synthetic-to-Real Domain Gap in 3D Hand Pose Estimation
- 2025InteractVLM: 3D Interaction Reasoning from 2D Foundational Models
- 2025Reconstructing Close Human Interaction with Appearance and Proxemics Reasoning
- 2023ContactArt: Learning 3D Interaction Priors for Category-level Articulated Object and Hand Poses Estimation
- 2024ContactGen: Contact-Guided Interactive 3D Human Generation for Partners