mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

On Self-Contact and Human Pose

arXiv 2104.03176 ↗First posted 7 Apr 2021cs.CVcited by 88

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Abstract (arXiv)

People touch their face 23 times an hour, they cross their arms and legs, put their hands on their hips, etc. While many images of people contain some form of self-contact, current 3D human pose and shape (HPS) regression methods typically fail to estimate this contact. To address this, we develop new datasets and methods that significantly improve human pose estimation with self-contact. First, we create a dataset of 3D Contact Poses (3DCP) containing SMPL-X bodies fit to 3D scans as well as poses from AMASS, which we refine to ensure good contact. Second, we leverage this to create the Mimic-The-Pose (MTP) dataset of images, collected via Amazon Mechanical Turk, containing people mimicking the 3DCP poses with selfcontact. Third, we develop a novel HPS optimization method, SMPLify-XMC, that includes contact constraints and uses the known 3DCP body pose during fitting to create near ground-truth poses for MTP images. Fourth, for more image variety, we label a dataset of in-the-wild images with Discrete Self-Contact (DSC) information and use another new optimization method, SMPLify-DC, that exploits discrete contacts during pose optimization. Finally, we use our datasets during SPIN training to learn a new 3D human pose regressor, called TUCH (Towards Understanding Contact in Humans). We show that the new self-contact training data significantly improves 3D human pose estimates on withheld test data and existing datasets like 3DPW. Not only does our method improve results for self-contact poses, but it also improves accuracy for non-contact poses. The code and data are available for research purposes at https://tuch.is.tue.mpg.de.

Key facts. Cited by 88 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Apr 2021.

Builds on

17 of 50 references.

References · 17

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  2. 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,600
  3. 2019AMASS: Archive of Motion Capture as Surface Shapescited by 1,208
  4. 2017End-to-end Recovery of Human Shape and Posecited by 883
  5. 2016Keep it SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Imagecited by 692
  6. 2019Learning to Reconstruct 3D Human Pose and Shape via Model-fitting in the Loopcited by 625
  7. 2016Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation In The Wild Using Improved CNN Supervisioncited by 493
  8. 2019Resolving 3D Human Pose Ambiguities with 3D Scene Constraintscited by 294
  9. 2018Total Capture: A 3D Deformation Model for Tracking Faces, Hands, and Bodiescited by 239
  10. 2018Monocular Total Capture: Posing Face, Body, and Hands in the Wildcited by 162
  11. 2018Ordinal Depth Supervision for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 107
  12. 2019XNect: Real-time Multi-Person 3D Motion Capture with a Single RGB Cameracited by 68
5 more
  1. 2020MonoClothCap: Towards Temporally Coherent Clothing Capture from Monocular RGB Videocited by 62
  2. 2019Estimating 3D Motion and Forces of Person-Object Interactions from Monocular Videocited by 48
  3. 2020Learning Complex 3D Human Self-Contactcited by 40
  4. 2020Detecting Hands and Recognizing Physical Contact in the Wildcited by 38
  5. 2018A survey on Deep Learning Advances on Different 3D Data Representationscited by 25

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 13; 2023: 22; 2024: 22; 2025: 12; 2026: 9.

88 papers.

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  1. 2022BEHAVE: Dataset and Method for Tracking Human Object Interactionscited by 246
  2. 2022CLIFF: Carrying Location Information in Full Frames into Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 237
  3. 2023BEDLAM: A Synthetic Dataset of Bodies Exhibiting Detailed Lifelike Animated Motioncited by 229
  4. 2022Capturing and Inferring Dense Full-Body Human-Scene Contactcited by 176
  5. 2023SMPLer-X: Scaling Up Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 154
  6. 2021Probabilistic Modeling for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 152
  7. 2022PyMAF-X: Towards Well-aligned Full-body Model Regression from Monocular Imagescited by 152
  8. 2021GLAMR: Global Occlusion-Aware Human Mesh Recovery with Dynamic Camerascited by 151
  9. 2021Putting People in their Place: Monocular Regression of 3D People in Depthcited by 141
  10. 2021Collaborative Regression of Expressive Bodies using Moderationcited by 137
  11. 2021SPEC: Seeing People in the Wild with an Estimated Cameracited by 134
  12. 2023One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformercited by 128
38 more
  1. 2022HuMMan: Multi-Modal 4D Human Dataset for Versatile Sensing and Modelingcited by 115
  2. 2022Recovering 3D Human Mesh from Monocular Images: A Surveycited by 103
  3. 20233D Human Pose Estimation via Intuitive Physicscited by 100
  4. 2022CHORE: Contact, Human and Object REconstruction from a single RGB imagecited by 95
  5. 2022Fine-Grained Egocentric Hand-Object Segmentation: Dataset, Model, and Applicationscited by 78
  6. 2023Human-Art: A Versatile Human-Centric Dataset Bridging Natural and Artificial Scenescited by 68
  7. 2021Learning to Estimate Robust 3D Human Mesh from In-the-Wild Crowded Scenescited by 64
  8. 2023DECO: Dense Estimation of 3D Human-Scene Contact In The Wildcited by 54
  9. 2022Accurate 3D Body Shape Regression using Metric and Semantic Attributescited by 49
  10. 2023ReFit: Recurrent Fitting Network for 3D Human Recoverycited by 47
  11. 2023Generative Proxemics: A Prior for 3D Social Interaction from Imagescited by 43
  12. 2023Zolly: Zoom Focal Length Correctly for Perspective-Distorted Human Mesh Reconstructioncited by 41
  13. 2023Probabilistic Human Mesh Recovery in 3D Scenes from Egocentric Viewscited by 33
  14. 2023PACE: Human and Camera Motion Estimation from in-the-wild Videoscited by 33
  15. 2021Contact-Aware Retargeting of Skinned Motioncited by 31
  16. 2025SMPLest-X: Ultimate Scaling for Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 31
  17. 2021HSPACE: Synthetic Parametric Humans Animated in Complex Environmentscited by 29
  18. 2022HULC: 3D Human Motion Capture with Pose Manifold Sampling and Dense Contact Guidancecited by 29
  19. 2024Joint Reconstruction of 3D Human and Object via Contact-Based Refinement Transformercited by 29
  20. 2025DRAWER: Digital Reconstruction and Articulation With Environment Realismcited by 29
  21. 2022Benchmarking and Analyzing 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation Beyond Algorithmscited by 28
  22. 2024HMD^2: Environment-aware Motion Generation from Single Egocentric Head-Mounted Devicecited by 26
  23. 2023Back to Optimization: Diffusion-based Zero-Shot 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 24
  24. 2021BodyPressure -- Inferring Body Pose and Contact Pressure from a Depth Imagecited by 20
  25. 2024Programmable Motion Generation for Open-Set Motion Control Taskscited by 20
  26. 2023Decaf: Monocular Deformation Capture for Face and Hand Interactionscited by 17
  27. 2024MMVP: A Multimodal MoCap Dataset with Vision and Pressure Sensorscited by 16
  28. 2022Learning Visibility for Robust Dense Human Body Estimationcited by 15
  29. 2024COIN: Control-Inpainting Diffusion Prior for Human and Camera Motion Estimationcited by 15
  30. 2023Reconstructing Three-Dimensional Models of Interacting Humanscited by 14
  31. 2024SignAvatar: Sign Language 3D Motion Reconstruction and Generationcited by 14
  32. 2023Reconstructing Signing Avatars From Video Using Linguistic Priorscited by 12
  33. 2025Learning Dense Hand Contact Estimation from Imbalanced Datacited by 12
  34. 2024ChatHuman: Chatting about 3D Humans with Toolscited by 11
  35. 2023ProxyCap: Real-time Monocular Full-body Capture in World Space via Human-Centric Proxy-to-Motion Learningcited by 9
  36. 2024HOIST-Former: Hand-held Objects Identification, Segmentation, and Tracking in the Wildcited by 9
  37. 2024DICE: End-to-end Deformation Capture of Hand-Face Interactions from a Single Imagecited by 9
  38. 2025ETCH: Generalizing Body Fitting to Clothed Humans via Equivariant Tightnesscited by 9

50 most cited of 88 All 88 (JSON)

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  1. 2025PHD: Personalized 3D Human Body Fitting with Point Diffusion
  2. 2025DPoser-X: Diffusion Model as Robust 3D Whole-body Human Pose Prior
  3. 2023DiffHPE: Robust, Coherent 3D Human Pose Lifting with Diffusion
  4. 2025Analyzing the Synthetic-to-Real Domain Gap in 3D Hand Pose Estimation
  5. 2025InteractVLM: 3D Interaction Reasoning from 2D Foundational Models
  6. 2025Reconstructing Close Human Interaction with Appearance and Proxemics Reasoning
  7. 2023ContactArt: Learning 3D Interaction Priors for Category-level Articulated Object and Hand Poses Estimation
  8. 2024ContactGen: Contact-Guided Interactive 3D Human Generation for Partners