mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DiffusioNeRF: Regularizing Neural Radiance Fields with Denoising Diffusion Models

arXiv 2302.12231 ↗First posted 23 Feb 2023cs.CVcited by 127

On the map: Diffusion models → 3D, point cloud and scene generation

Abstract (arXiv)

Under good conditions, Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) have shown impressive results on novel view synthesis tasks. NeRFs learn a scene's color and density fields by minimizing the photometric discrepancy between training views and differentiable renderings of the scene. Once trained from a sufficient set of views, NeRFs can generate novel views from arbitrary camera positions. However, the scene geometry and color fields are severely under-constrained, which can lead to artifacts, especially when trained with few input views. To alleviate this problem we learn a prior over scene geometry and color, using a denoising diffusion model (DDM). Our DDM is trained on RGBD patches of the synthetic Hypersim dataset and can be used to predict the gradient of the logarithm of a joint probability distribution of color and depth patches. We show that, these gradients of logarithms of RGBD patch priors serve to regularize geometry and color of a scene. During NeRF training, random RGBD patches are rendered and the estimated gradient of the log-likelihood is backpropagated to the color and density fields. Evaluations on LLFF, the most relevant dataset, show that our learned prior achieves improved quality in the reconstructed geometry and improved generalization to novel views. Evaluations on DTU show improved reconstruction quality among NeRF methods.

Key facts. Cited by 127 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in 3D, point cloud and scene generation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 36 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Feb 2023.

Builds on

36 of 50 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusion29 Sep

Other references · 35

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  2. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  3. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  4. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
  5. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
  6. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
  7. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,067
  8. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
  9. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
  10. 2022Video Diffusion Modelscited by 2,280
  11. 2020Fourier Features Let Networks Learn High Frequency Functions in Low Dimensional Domainscited by 2,170
  12. 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,013
23 more
  1. 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,957
  2. 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,701
  3. 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,607
  4. 2020pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Imagescited by 1,574
  5. 2021Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit Surfacescited by 990
  6. 2020Neural Sparse Voxel Fieldscited by 959
  7. 2016Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Left-Right Consistencycited by 819
  8. 2021MVSNeRF: Fast Generalizable Radiance Field Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereocited by 735
  9. 2020Implicit Geometric Regularization for Learning Shapescited by 707
  10. 2019Differentiable Volumetric Rendering: Learning Implicit 3D Representations without 3D Supervisioncited by 699
  11. 2019Local Light Field Fusion: Practical View Synthesis with Prescriptive Sampling Guidelinescited by 672
  12. 2021UNISURF: Unifying Neural Implicit Surfaces and Radiance Fields for Multi-View Reconstructioncited by 643
  13. 2020WaveGrad: Estimating Gradients for Waveform Generationcited by 620
  14. 2021RegNeRF: Regularizing Neural Radiance Fields for View Synthesis from Sparse Inputscited by 614
  15. 2020Hypersim: A Photorealistic Synthetic Dataset for Holistic Indoor Scene Understandingcited by 593
  16. 2022MonoSDF: Exploring Monocular Geometric Cues for Neural Implicit Surface Reconstructioncited by 467
  17. 2021Baking Neural Radiance Fields for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 465
  18. 2021Putting NeRF on a Diet: Semantically Consistent Few-Shot View Synthesiscited by 464
  19. 2019Sliced Score Matching: A Scalable Approach to Density and Score Estimationcited by 381
  20. 2021Dense Depth Priors for Neural Radiance Fields from Sparse Input Viewscited by 301
  21. 2021NeRFactor: Neural Factorization of Shape and Reflectance Under an Unknown Illuminationcited by 135
  22. 2022NeuRIS: Neural Reconstruction of Indoor Scenes Using Normal Priorscited by 125
  23. 2017Self-Supervised Learning for Stereo Matching with Self-Improving Abilitycited by 32

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 21; 2024: 57; 2025: 32; 2026: 17.

127 papers.

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By area:

  1. 2023ReconFusion: 3D Reconstruction with Diffusion Priorscited by 317
  2. 2024DNGaussian: Optimizing Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Radiance Fields with Global-Local Depth Normalizationcited by 256
  3. 20243DGStream: On-the-Fly Training of 3D Gaussians for Efficient Streaming of Photo-Realistic Free-Viewpoint Videoscited by 156
  4. 2024CoR-GS: Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Splatting via Co-Regularizationcited by 120
  5. 2024Flash3D: Feed-Forward Generalisable 3D Scene Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 113
  6. 20243DGS-Enhancer: Enhancing Unbounded 3D Gaussian Splatting with View-consistent 2D Diffusion Priorscited by 106
  7. 2023Generative Image Dynamicscited by 93
  8. 2023Nerfbusters: Removing Ghostly Artifacts from Casually Captured NeRFscited by 76
  9. 2023MuRF: Multi-Baseline Radiance Fieldscited by 70
  10. 2024GaussianObject: High-Quality 3D Object Reconstruction from Four Views with Gaussian Splattingcited by 59
  11. 2023SimpleNeRF: Regularizing Sparse Input Neural Radiance Fields with Simpler Solutionscited by 44
  12. 2023ViP-NeRF: Visibility Prior for Sparse Input Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 43
38 more
  1. 2024Binocular-Guided 3D Gaussian Splatting with View Consistency for Sparse View Synthesiscited by 41
  2. 2025GenFusion: Closing the Loop between Reconstruction and Generation via Videoscited by 41
  3. 2023Deceptive-NeRF/3DGS: Diffusion-Generated Pseudo-Observations for High-Quality Sparse-View Reconstructioncited by 39
  4. 2023Tracking and Mapping in Medical Computer Vision: A Reviewcited by 36
  5. 2024SGD: Street View Synthesis with Gaussian Splatting and Diffusion Priorcited by 36
  6. 2024MVPGS: Excavating Multi-view Priors for Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Input Viewscited by 29
  7. 2025Taming Video Diffusion Prior with Scene-Grounding Guidance for 3D Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Inputscited by 29
  8. 20244D Gaussian Splatting in the Wild with Uncertainty-Aware Regularizationcited by 28
  9. 2023GANeRF: Leveraging Discriminators to Optimize Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 26
  10. 2024VEGS: View Extrapolation of Urban Scenes in 3D Gaussian Splatting using Learned Priorscited by 25
  11. 2024LM-Gaussian: Boost Sparse-view 3D Gaussian Splatting with Large Model Priorscited by 25
  12. 2025Gaussian Graph Network: Learning Efficient and Generalizable Gaussian Representations from Multi-view Imagescited by 25
  13. 2024Novel View Extrapolation with Video Diffusion Priorscited by 23
  14. 2024Taming Latent Diffusion Model for Neural Radiance Field Inpaintingcited by 20
  15. 2025DroneSplat: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Robust 3D Reconstruction from In-the-Wild Drone Imagerycited by 20
  16. 2024SparseCraft: Few-Shot Neural Reconstruction through Stereopsis Guided Geometric Linearizationcited by 19
  17. 2024FewViewGS: Gaussian Splatting with Few View Matching and Multi-stage Trainingcited by 18
  18. 2025RI3D: Few-Shot Gaussian Splatting With Repair and Inpainting Diffusion Priorscited by 17
  19. 2024Denoising Diffusion via Image-Based Renderingcited by 15
  20. 2024Is Vanilla MLP in Neural Radiance Field Enough for Few-shot View Synthesis?cited by 15
  21. 2024BAGS: Building Animatable Gaussian Splatting from a Monocular Video with Diffusion Priorscited by 14
  22. 2023PointNeRF++: A multi-scale, point-based Neural Radiance Fieldcited by 13
  23. 2024T-3DGS: Removing Transient Objects for 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 13
  24. 2024Neural Radiance Field-based Visual Rendering: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 12
  25. 2024ExtraNeRF: Visibility-Aware View Extrapolation of Neural Radiance Fields with Diffusion Modelscited by 12
  26. 2024BoostMVSNeRFs: Boosting MVS-based NeRFs to Generalizable View Synthesis in Large-scale Scenescited by 12
  27. 2025Neural Radiance Fields for the Real World: A Surveycited by 12
  28. 2025Zero-Shot Novel View and Depth Synthesis with Multi-View Geometric Diffusioncited by 12
  29. 2024Factorized Motion Fields for Fast Sparse Input Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 11
  30. 2024IDOL: Unified Dual-Modal Latent Diffusion for Human-Centric Joint Video-Depth Generationcited by 11
  31. 2024Diffusion Models in 3D Vision: A Surveycited by 11
  32. 2023DPHMs: Diffusion Parametric Head Models for Depth-based Trackingcited by 10
  33. 2024Sampling 3D Gaussian Scenes in Seconds with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 10
  34. 2025CoMapGS: Covisibility Map-based Gaussian Splatting for Sparse Novel View Synthesiscited by 10
  35. 2026DiffusionHarmonizer: Bridging Neural Reconstruction and Photorealistic Simulation with Online Diffusion Enhancercited by 10
  36. 2024Semantically-aware Neural Radiance Fields for Visual Scene Understanding: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 9
  37. 2023Few-shot Neural Radiance Fields Under Unconstrained Illuminationcited by 8
  38. 2024OccFusion: Rendering Occluded Humans with Generative Diffusion Priorscited by 8

50 most cited of 127 All 127 (JSON)

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023Learning a Diffusion Prior for NeRFs
  2. 2022DiffRF: Rendering-Guided 3D Radiance Field Diffusion
  3. 2024Drantal-NeRF: Diffusion-Based Restoration for Anti-aliasing Neural Radiance Field
  4. 2023Single-Stage Diffusion NeRF: A Unified Approach to 3D Generation and Reconstruction
  5. 2024Diffusion Priors for Dynamic View Synthesis from Monocular Videos
  6. 2023RePaint-NeRF: NeRF Editting via Semantic Masks and Diffusion Models
  7. 2023NerfDiff: Single-image View Synthesis with NeRF-guided Distillation from 3D-aware Diffusion
  8. 2024InterNeRF: Scaling Radiance Fields via Parameter Interpolation