Normal Assisted Stereo Depth Estimation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Accurate stereo depth estimation plays a critical role in various 3D tasks in both indoor and outdoor environments. Recently, learning-based multi-view stereo methods have demonstrated competitive performance with a limited number of views. However, in challenging scenarios, especially when building cross-view correspondences is hard, these methods still cannot produce satisfying results. In this paper, we study how to leverage a normal estimation model and the predicted normal maps to improve the depth quality. We couple the learning of a multi-view normal estimation module and a multi-view depth estimation module. In addition, we propose a novel consistency loss to train an independent consistency module that refines the depths from depth/normal pairs. We find that the joint learning can improve both the prediction of normal and depth, and the accuracy & smoothness can be further improved by enforcing the consistency. Experiments on MVS, SUN3D, RGBD, and Scenes11 demonstrate the effectiveness of our method and state-of-the-art performance.
Key facts. Cited by 49 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Nov 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 12; 2022: 12; 2023: 6; 2024: 13; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.
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- 2024GeoWizard: Unleashing the Diffusion Priors for 3D Geometry Estimation from a Single Imagecited by 286
- 2021NerfingMVS: Guided Optimization of Neural Radiance Fields for Indoor Multi-view Stereocited by 192
- 2024DN-Splatter: Depth and Normal Priors for Gaussian Splatting and Meshingcited by 138
- 2022Neural 3D Scene Reconstruction with the Manhattan-world Assumptioncited by 123
- 2021SMD-Nets: Stereo Mixture Density Networkscited by 120
- 2021Multi-View Depth Estimation by Fusing Single-View Depth Probability with Multi-View Geometrycited by 46
- 2022Aug-NeRF: Training Stronger Neural Radiance Fields with Triple-Level Physically-Grounded Augmentationscited by 46
- 2023NDDepth: Normal-Distance Assisted Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 45
- 2021VolumeFusion: Deep Depth Fusion for 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 44
- 2021Adaptive Surface Normal Constraint for Depth Estimationcited by 43
- 2021MVS2D: Efficient Multi-view Stereo via Attention-Driven 2D Convolutionscited by 43
- 2021Input-level Inductive Biases for 3D Reconstructioncited by 31
37 more
- 2022PlaneMVS: 3D Plane Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereocited by 29
- 2023GEDepth: Ground Embedding for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 26
- 2024A Survey on Deep Stereo Matching in the Twentiescited by 23
- 2024Learning-based Multi-View Stereo: A Surveycited by 18
- 2022Depth Field Networks for Generalizable Multi-view Scene Representationcited by 17
- 2021Deep Learning for Multi-View Stereo via Plane Sweep: A Surveycited by 16
- 2022Multi-Camera Collaborative Depth Prediction via Consistent Structure Estimationcited by 16
- 2024Adaptive Surface Normal Constraint for Geometric Estimation from Monocular Imagescited by 14
- 2024Leveraging Near-Field Lighting for Monocular Depth Estimation from Endoscopy Videoscited by 14
- 2024SurgicalGS: Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting for Accurate Robotic-Assisted Surgical Scene Reconstructioncited by 14
- 2021H-Net: Unsupervised Attention-based Stereo Depth Estimation Leveraging Epipolar Geometrycited by 12
- 2022A Confidence-based Iterative Solver of Depths and Surface Normals for Deep Multi-view Stereocited by 12
- 2025Zero-Shot Novel View and Depth Synthesis with Multi-View Geometric Diffusioncited by 12
- 2021Facial Depth and Normal Estimation using Single Dual-Pixel Cameracited by 11
- 2022Towards 3D Scene Reconstruction from Locally Scale-Aligned Monocular Video Depthcited by 11
- 2024Learning Intra-view and Cross-view Geometric Knowledge for Stereo Matchingcited by 11
- 2022nLMVS-Net: Deep Non-Lambertian Multi-View Stereocited by 10
- 2023NDDepth: Normal-Distance Assisted Monocular Depth Estimation and Completioncited by 9
- 2024Embodiment: Self-Supervised Depth Estimation Based on Camera Modelscited by 9
- 2024FoVA-Depth: Field-of-View Agnostic Depth Estimation for Cross-Dataset Generalizationcited by 8
- 2024SE(3) Equivariant Ray Embeddings for Implicit Multi-View Depth Estimationcited by 6
- 2024Digging Into Normal Incorporated Stereo Matchingcited by 5
- 2021Real-Time Monocular Human Depth Estimation and Segmentation on Embedded Systemscited by 4
- 20223D endoscopic depth estimation using 3D surface-aware constraintscited by 3
- 2022Exploiting Correspondences with All-pairs Correlations for Multi-view Depth Estimationcited by 2
- 2022Towards Accurate Ground Plane Normal Estimation from Ego-Motioncited by 2
- 2023P2SDF for Neural Indoor Scene Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2023Weakly-Supervised 3D Reconstruction of Clothed Humans via Normal Mapscited by 1
- 2024Geometric Constraints in Deep Learning Frameworks: A Surveycited by 1
- 2025Aerial Multi-View Stereo via Adaptive Depth Range Inference and Normal Cuescited by 1
- 2021PlantStereo: A Stereo Matching Benchmark for Plant Surface Dense Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2022Neural Camera Modelscited by 0
- 2023Ray-Patch: An Efficient Querying for Light Field Transformerscited by 0
- 2025M3Depth: Wavelet-Enhanced Depth Estimation on Mars via Mutual Boosting of Dual-Modal Datacited by 0
- 2025Towards Generating Realistic Underwater Imagescited by 0
- 2025CCNeXt: An Effective Self-Supervised Stereo Depth Estimation Approachcited by 0
- 2026Revisiting Matching Response and Swept Feature Volumes for Wide-baseline Omnidirectional Stereocited by 0
- 2026Revisiting Matching Response and Swept Feature Volumes for Wide-baseline Omnidirectional Stereo13 Jul 2026
- 2025CCNeXt: An Effective Self-Supervised Stereo Depth Estimation Approach26 Sep 2025
- 2025Aerial Multi-View Stereo via Adaptive Depth Range Inference and Normal Cues6 Jun 2025
- 2025Towards Generating Realistic Underwater Images20 May 2025
- 2025M3Depth: Wavelet-Enhanced Depth Estimation on Mars via Mutual Boosting of Dual-Modal Data20 May 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Novel View and Depth Synthesis with Multi-View Geometric Diffusion30 Jan 2025
- 2024SE(3) Equivariant Ray Embeddings for Implicit Multi-View Depth Estimation11 Nov 2024
- 2024SurgicalGS: Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting for Accurate Robotic-Assisted Surgical Scene Reconstruction11 Oct 2024
- 2024Learning-based Multi-View Stereo: A Survey27 Aug 2024
- 2024Embodiment: Self-Supervised Depth Estimation Based on Camera Models2 Aug 2024
- 2024A Survey on Deep Stereo Matching in the Twenties10 Jul 2024
- 2024Leveraging Near-Field Lighting for Monocular Depth Estimation from Endoscopy Videos26 Mar 2024
37 more
- 2024DN-Splatter: Depth and Normal Priors for Gaussian Splatting and Meshing26 Mar 2024
- 2024Geometric Constraints in Deep Learning Frameworks: A Survey19 Mar 2024
- 2024GeoWizard: Unleashing the Diffusion Priors for 3D Geometry Estimation from a Single Image18 Mar 2024
- 2024Learning Intra-view and Cross-view Geometric Knowledge for Stereo Matching29 Feb 2024
- 2024Digging Into Normal Incorporated Stereo Matching28 Feb 2024
- 2024Adaptive Surface Normal Constraint for Geometric Estimation from Monocular Images8 Feb 2024
- 2024FoVA-Depth: Field-of-View Agnostic Depth Estimation for Cross-Dataset Generalization24 Jan 2024
- 2023Weakly-Supervised 3D Reconstruction of Clothed Humans via Normal Maps27 Nov 2023
- 2023NDDepth: Normal-Distance Assisted Monocular Depth Estimation and Completion13 Nov 2023
- 2023NDDepth: Normal-Distance Assisted Monocular Depth Estimation19 Sep 2023
- 2023GEDepth: Ground Embedding for Monocular Depth Estimation18 Sep 2023
- 2023Ray-Patch: An Efficient Querying for Light Field Transformers16 May 2023
- 2023P2SDF for Neural Indoor Scene Reconstruction1 Mar 2023
- 2022Towards Accurate Ground Plane Normal Estimation from Ego-Motion8 Dec 2022
- 2022Multi-Camera Collaborative Depth Prediction via Consistent Structure Estimation5 Oct 2022
- 2022Neural Camera Models27 Aug 2022
- 2022Depth Field Networks for Generalizable Multi-view Scene Representation28 Jul 2022
- 2022nLMVS-Net: Deep Non-Lambertian Multi-View Stereo25 Jul 2022
- 2022Aug-NeRF: Training Stronger Neural Radiance Fields with Triple-Level Physically-Grounded Augmentations4 Jul 2022
- 2022Neural 3D Scene Reconstruction with the Manhattan-world Assumption5 May 2022
- 2022Exploiting Correspondences with All-pairs Correlations for Multi-view Depth Estimation5 May 2022
- 2022PlaneMVS: 3D Plane Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereo22 Mar 2022
- 20223D endoscopic depth estimation using 3D surface-aware constraints4 Mar 2022
- 2022Towards 3D Scene Reconstruction from Locally Scale-Aligned Monocular Video Depth3 Feb 2022
- 2022A Confidence-based Iterative Solver of Depths and Surface Normals for Deep Multi-view Stereo19 Jan 2022
- 2021Multi-View Depth Estimation by Fusing Single-View Depth Probability with Multi-View Geometry15 Dec 2021
- 2021Input-level Inductive Biases for 3D Reconstruction6 Dec 2021
- 2021PlantStereo: A Stereo Matching Benchmark for Plant Surface Dense Reconstruction30 Nov 2021
- 2021Facial Depth and Normal Estimation using Single Dual-Pixel Camera25 Nov 2021
- 2021NerfingMVS: Guided Optimization of Neural Radiance Fields for Indoor Multi-view Stereo2 Sep 2021
- 2021Real-Time Monocular Human Depth Estimation and Segmentation on Embedded Systems24 Aug 2021
- 2021VolumeFusion: Deep Depth Fusion for 3D Scene Reconstruction19 Aug 2021
- 2021Deep Learning for Multi-View Stereo via Plane Sweep: A Survey18 Jun 2021
- 2021MVS2D: Efficient Multi-view Stereo via Attention-Driven 2D Convolutions27 Apr 2021
- 2021H-Net: Unsupervised Attention-based Stereo Depth Estimation Leveraging Epipolar Geometry22 Apr 2021
- 2021SMD-Nets: Stereo Mixture Density Networks8 Apr 2021
- 2021Adaptive Surface Normal Constraint for Depth Estimation29 Mar 2021
- 2021NerfingMVS: Guided Optimization of Neural Radiance Fields for Indoor Multi-view Stereocited by 192
- 2024DN-Splatter: Depth and Normal Priors for Gaussian Splatting and Meshingcited by 138
- 2022Neural 3D Scene Reconstruction with the Manhattan-world Assumptioncited by 123
- 2021SMD-Nets: Stereo Mixture Density Networkscited by 120
- 2021Multi-View Depth Estimation by Fusing Single-View Depth Probability with Multi-View Geometrycited by 46
- 2022Aug-NeRF: Training Stronger Neural Radiance Fields with Triple-Level Physically-Grounded Augmentationscited by 46
- 2023NDDepth: Normal-Distance Assisted Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 45
- 2021VolumeFusion: Deep Depth Fusion for 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 44
- 2021Adaptive Surface Normal Constraint for Depth Estimationcited by 43
- 2021MVS2D: Efficient Multi-view Stereo via Attention-Driven 2D Convolutionscited by 43
- 2021Input-level Inductive Biases for 3D Reconstructioncited by 31
- 2022PlaneMVS: 3D Plane Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereocited by 29
12 most cited of 48 All 48 (JSON)
- 2026Revisiting Matching Response and Swept Feature Volumes for Wide-baseline Omnidirectional Stereo13 Jul 2026
- 2025CCNeXt: An Effective Self-Supervised Stereo Depth Estimation Approach26 Sep 2025
- 2025Aerial Multi-View Stereo via Adaptive Depth Range Inference and Normal Cues6 Jun 2025
- 2025Towards Generating Realistic Underwater Images20 May 2025
- 2025M3Depth: Wavelet-Enhanced Depth Estimation on Mars via Mutual Boosting of Dual-Modal Data20 May 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Novel View and Depth Synthesis with Multi-View Geometric Diffusion30 Jan 2025
- 2024SE(3) Equivariant Ray Embeddings for Implicit Multi-View Depth Estimation11 Nov 2024
- 2024SurgicalGS: Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting for Accurate Robotic-Assisted Surgical Scene Reconstruction11 Oct 2024
- 2024Learning-based Multi-View Stereo: A Survey27 Aug 2024
- 2024Embodiment: Self-Supervised Depth Estimation Based on Camera Models2 Aug 2024
- 2024A Survey on Deep Stereo Matching in the Twenties10 Jul 2024
- 2024Leveraging Near-Field Lighting for Monocular Depth Estimation from Endoscopy Videos26 Mar 2024
12 newest of 48 All 48 (JSON)