mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

MineWorld: a Real-Time and Open-Source Interactive World Model on Minecraft

arXiv 2504.08388 ↗First posted 11 Apr 2025cs.CV cs.AIcited by 93

On the map: World models → Video-generation world models and simulators

Abstract (arXiv)

World modeling is a crucial task for enabling intelligent agents to effectively interact with humans and operate in dynamic environments. In this work, we propose MineWorld, a real-time interactive world model on Minecraft, an open-ended sandbox game which has been utilized as a common testbed for world modeling. MineWorld is driven by a visual-action autoregressive Transformer, which takes paired game scenes and corresponding actions as input, and generates consequent new scenes following the actions. Specifically, by transforming visual game scenes and actions into discrete token ids with an image tokenizer and an action tokenizer correspondingly, we consist the model input with the concatenation of the two kinds of ids interleaved. The model is then trained with next token prediction to learn rich representations of game states as well as the conditions between states and actions simultaneously. In inference, we develop a novel parallel decoding algorithm that predicts the spatial redundant tokens in each frame at the same time, letting models in different scales generate 4 to 7 frames per second and enabling real-time interactions with game players. In evaluation, we propose new metrics to assess not only visual quality but also the action following capacity when generating new scenes, which is crucial for a world model. Our comprehensive evaluation shows the efficacy of MineWorld, outperforming SoTA open-sourced diffusion based world models significantly. The code and model have been released.

Key facts. Cited by 93 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Video-generation world models and simulators, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 33 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Apr 2025.

Builds on

33 of 39 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024WorldSimBench: Towards Video Generation Models as World Simulators23 Oct
  2. 2024Diffusion Models Are Real-Time Game Engines27 Aug
  3. 2024CogVideoX: Text-to-Video Diffusion Models with An Expert Transformer12 Aug
  4. 2024Genie: Generative Interactive Environments23 Feb
  5. 2023Learning Interactive Real-World Simulators9 Oct
  6. 2022MaskGIT: Masked Generative Image Transformer8 Feb

Other references · 27

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  3. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
  4. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  5. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  6. 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,411
  7. 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,650
  8. 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,581
  9. 2020Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 3,229
  10. 2019Dream to Control: Learning Behaviors by Latent Imaginationcited by 1,598
  11. 2018World Modelscited by 1,444
  12. 2019Root Mean Square Layer Normalizationcited by 1,425
15 more
  1. 2018Towards Accurate Generative Models of Video: A New Metric & Challengescited by 1,204
  2. 2025Cosmos World Foundation Model Platform for Physical AIcited by 833
  3. 2023Language Model Beats Diffusion -- Tokenizer is Key to Visual Generationcited by 633
  4. 2023VideoPoet: A Large Language Model for Zero-Shot Video Generationcited by 479
  5. 2022Video PreTraining (VPT): Learning to Act by Watching Unlabeled Online Videoscited by 338
  6. 2023Sequential Modeling Enables Scalable Learning for Large Vision Modelscited by 212
  7. 2024iVideoGPT: Interactive VideoGPTs are Scalable World Modelscited by 136
  8. 2024Randomized Autoregressive Visual Generationcited by 125
  9. 2024VidTok: A Versatile and Open-Source Video Tokenizercited by 35
  10. 2024aMUSEd: An Open MUSE Reproductioncited by 32
  11. 2024ZipAR: Parallel Auto-regressive Image Generation through Spatial Localitycited by 20
  12. 2024VidTwin: Video VAE with Decoupled Structure and Dynamicscited by 14
  13. 2025Fast Autoregressive Video Generation with Diagonal Decodingcited by 8
  14. 2024Elucidating the design space of language models for image generationcited by 6
  15. 2023Lformer: Text-to-Image Generation with L-shape Block Parallel Decodingcited by 5

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 37; 2026: 56.

93 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025Matrix-game 2.0: An open-source real-time and streaming interactive world modelcited by 174
  2. 2025Training Agents Inside of Scalable World Modelscited by 122
  3. 2026DreamDojo: A Generalist Robot World Model from Large-Scale Human Videoscited by 117
  4. 2025Geometry Forcing: Marrying Video Diffusion and 3D Representation for Consistent World Modelingcited by 86
  5. 2025Autoregressive Adversarial Post-Training for Real-Time Interactive Video Generationcited by 84
  6. 2025OpenS2V-Nexus: A Detailed Benchmark and Million-Scale Dataset for Subject-to-Video Generationcited by 73
  7. 2025MotionStream: Real-Time Video Generation with Interactive Motion Controlscited by 71
  8. 2025Vid2World: Crafting Video Diffusion Models to Interactive World Modelscited by 67
  9. 2025A Comprehensive Survey on World Models for Embodied AIcited by 65
  10. 2025WorldEval: World Model as Real-World Robot Policies Evaluatorcited by 64
  11. 2026Helios: Real Real-Time Long Video Generation Modelcited by 56
  12. 2025Memory Forcing: Spatio-Temporal Memory for Consistent Scene Generation on Minecraftcited by 46
38 more
  1. 2025VRAG: Learning World Models for Interactive Video Generationcited by 37
  2. 2025PAN: A World Model for General, Actionable, and Long-Horizon World Simulationcited by 36
  3. 2025LLM-Based Human-Agent Collaboration and Interaction Systems: A Surveycited by 28
  4. 2026WorldMark: A Unified Benchmark Suite for Interactive Video World Modelscited by 24
  5. 2025A Survey of Interactive Generative Videocited by 23
  6. 2025WorldLens: Full-Spectrum Evaluations of Driving World Models in Real Worldcited by 22
  7. 2025PlayerOne: Egocentric World Simulatorcited by 20
  8. 2026MultiWorld: Scalable Multi-Agent Multi-View Video World Modelscited by 19
  9. 2025Playing with Transformer at 30+ FPS via Next-Frame Diffusioncited by 18
  10. 2025MobileWorldBench: Towards Semantic World Modeling For Mobile Agentscited by 18
  11. 2025AstraNav-World: World Model for Foresight Control and Consistencycited by 17
  12. 2026Omni-WorldBench: Towards a Comprehensive Interaction-Centric Evaluation for World Modelscited by 17
  13. 2025Yan: Foundational Interactive Video Generationcited by 15
  14. 2025Simulating the Visual World with Artificial Intelligence: A Roadmapcited by 15
  15. 2025Memorize-and-Generate: Towards Long-Term Consistency in Real-Time Video Generationcited by 15
  16. 2026WorldStereo: Bridging Camera-Guided Video Generation and Scene Reconstruction via 3D Geometric Memoriescited by 15
  17. 2026LIVE: Long-horizon Interactive Video World Modelingcited by 14
  18. 2026Wonder: Video World Model Done Bettercited by 13
  19. 2025Reinforcement Learning with Inverse Rewards for World Model Post-trainingcited by 12
  20. 2026StableWorld: Towards Stable and Consistent Long Interactive Video Generationcited by 12
  21. 2026WorldCam: Interactive Autoregressive 3D Gaming Worlds with Camera Pose as a Unifying Geometric Representationcited by 12
  22. 2026SCOPE: Simulating Cross-game Operations in Playable Environments for FPS World Modelscited by 12
  23. 2025Aerial World Model for Long-horizon Visual Generation and Navigation in 3D Spacecited by 11
  24. 2026Agentic World Modeling: Foundations, Capabilities, Laws, and Beyondcited by 10
  25. 2026Incantation: Natural Language as the Action Interface for Multi-Entity Video World Modelscited by 10
  26. 2025Recurrent Autoregressive Diffusion: Global Memory Meets Local Attentioncited by 9
  27. 2026Code World Model: Coding Agent as World Braincited by 9
  28. 2026SolarWM: Open Data and Scalable Training for Long-Horizon Video World Modelscited by 9
  29. 2025Generative World Modelling for Humanoids: 1X World Model Challenge Technical Reportcited by 8
  30. 2026Agentic Environment Engineering for Large Language Models: A Survey of Environment Modeling, Synthesis, Evaluation, and Applicationcited by 8
  31. 2026WorldRoamBench: An Open-World Benchmark for Long-Horizon Stability of Interactive World Modelscited by 8
  32. 2025LoopNav: Benchmarking Spatial Consistency in World Modelscited by 7
  33. 2025WorldPack: Dynamic Frame Compression for Long-context Video World Modelingcited by 7
  34. 2026CausalSpatial: A Benchmark for Object-Centric Causal Spatial Reasoningcited by 7
  35. 2026Geometry-Aware Implicit Memory for Video World Modelscited by 7
  36. 2026Flow Equivariant World Models: Memory for Partially Observed Dynamic Environmentscited by 6
  37. 2026Towards Interactive Video World Modeling: Frontiers, Challenges, Benchmarks, and Future Trendscited by 6
  38. 2025From Masks to Worlds: A Hitchhiker's Guide to World Modelscited by 5

50 most cited of 93 All 93 (JSON)

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Matrix-Game: Interactive World Foundation Model
  2. 2026Solaris: Building a Multiplayer Video World Model in Minecraft
  3. 2026MineExplorer: Evaluating Open-World Exploration of MLLM Agents in Minecraft
  4. 2024TeamCraft: A Benchmark for Multi-Modal Multi-Agent Systems in Minecraft
  5. 2025Game-TARS: Pretrained Foundation Models for Scalable Generalist Multimodal Game Agents
  6. 2025OpenHA: A Series of Open-Source Hierarchical Agentic Models in Minecraft
  7. 2023JARVIS-1: Open-World Multi-task Agents with Memory-Augmented Multimodal Language Models
  8. 2022MineDojo: Building Open-Ended Embodied Agents with Internet-Scale Knowledge