FlexGaussian: Flexible and Cost-Effective Training-Free Compression for 3D Gaussian Splatting
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Abstract (arXiv)
3D Gaussian splatting has become a prominent technique for representing and rendering complex 3D scenes, due to its high fidelity and speed advantages. However, the growing demand for large-scale models calls for effective compression to reduce memory and computation costs, especially on mobile and edge devices with limited resources. Existing compression methods effectively reduce 3D Gaussian parameters but often require extensive retraining or fine-tuning, lacking flexibility under varying compression constraints. In this paper, we introduce FlexGaussian, a flexible and cost-effective method that combines mixed-precision quantization with attribute-discriminative pruning for training-free 3D Gaussian compression. FlexGaussian eliminates the need for retraining and adapts easily to diverse compression targets. Evaluation results show that FlexGaussian achieves up to 96.4% compression while maintaining high rendering quality (<1 dB drop in PSNR), and is deployable on mobile devices. FlexGaussian delivers high compression ratios within seconds, being 1.7-2.1x faster than state-of-the-art training-free methods and 10-100x faster than training-involved approaches. The code is being prepared and will be released soon at: https://github.com/Supercomputing-System-AI-Lab/FlexGaussian
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Jul 2025.
Builds on
29 of 45 references.
References · 29
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,177
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,723
- 2023AWQ: Activation-aware Weight Quantization for LLM Compression and Accelerationcited by 1,298
- 2023Scaffold-GS: Structured 3D Gaussians for View-Adaptive Renderingcited by 695
- 2018HAQ: Hardware-Aware Automated Quantization with Mixed Precisioncited by 443
- 2023LightGaussian: Unbounded 3D Gaussian Compression with 15x Reduction and 200+ FPScited by 436
- 2019HAWQ: Hessian AWare Quantization of Neural Networks with Mixed-Precisioncited by 402
- 2023Compact 3D Gaussian Representation for Radiance Fieldcited by 372
- 2018Slimmable Neural Networkscited by 305
- 2019Universally Slimmable Networks and Improved Training Techniquescited by 221
- 2024HAC: Hash-grid Assisted Context for 3D Gaussian Splatting Compressioncited by 209
17 more
- 2023EAGLES: Efficient Accelerated 3D Gaussians with Lightweight EncodingScited by 196
- 2023MatrixCity: A Large-scale City Dataset for City-scale Neural Rendering and Beyondcited by 185
- 2024Reducing the Memory Footprint of 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 133
- 2023CompGS: Smaller and Faster Gaussian Splatting with Vector Quantizationcited by 130
- 2018Mixed Precision Quantization of ConvNets via Differentiable Neural Architecture Searchcited by 125
- 2022Compressible-composable NeRF via Rank-residual Decompositioncited by 92
- 2021Dynamic Slimmable Networkcited by 83
- 2024End-to-End Rate-Distortion Optimized 3D Gaussian Representationcited by 75
- 2024MesonGS: Post-training Compression of 3D Gaussians via Efficient Attribute Transformationcited by 56
- 2024DOGS: Distributed-Oriented Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale 3D Reconstruction Via Gaussian Consensuscited by 51
- 2024On Scaling Up 3D Gaussian Splatting Trainingcited by 49
- 2024Trimming the Fat: Efficient Compression of 3D Gaussian Splats through Pruningcited by 47
- 2020Slimmable Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 27
- 2024MetaSapiens: Real-Time Neural Rendering with Efficiency-Aware Pruning and Accelerated Foveated Renderingcited by 27
- 2024RetinaGS: Scalable Training for Dense Scene Rendering with Billion-Scale 3D Gaussianscited by 16
- 2020Mesorasi: Architecture Support for Point Cloud Analytics via Delayed-Aggregationcited by 11
- 2019Tigris: Architecture and Algorithms for 3D Perception in Point Cloudscited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 10.
11 papers.
- 2025ExGS: Extreme 3D Gaussian Compression with Diffusion Priorscited by 1
- 2026Matryoshka Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
- 2026Local-GS: Accelerating 3D Gaussian Splatting via Tile-Local Warp Coherencecited by 1
- 20263DTurboQuant: Training-Free Near-Optimal Quantization for 3D Reconstruction Modelscited by 0
- 2026MesonGS++: Post-training Compression of 3D Gaussian Splatting with Hyperparameter Searchingcited by 0
- 2026VEDAL: Variational Error-Driven Asynchronous Learning for 3D Gaussian Splatting Pruningcited by 0
- 2026Robust, Estimator-Agnostic Dynamic 3DGS Compressioncited by 0
- 2026Only What Was Seen: Observation-Gram Compaction of View-Dependent Appearance in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026Towards Practical Compression of 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026TSGL: Teacher-Student Graph Learning for 3DGS Compressioncited by 0
- 2026Efficient Gaussian Splatting Sequence Compression with Standard Video Codecscited by 0
- 2026Efficient Gaussian Splatting Sequence Compression with Standard Video Codecs6 Oct 2026
- 2026TSGL: Teacher-Student Graph Learning for 3DGS Compression29 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards Practical Compression of 3D Gaussian Splatting24 Sep 2026
- 2026Only What Was Seen: Observation-Gram Compaction of View-Dependent Appearance in 3D Gaussian Splatting24 Sep 2026
- 2026Robust, Estimator-Agnostic Dynamic 3DGS Compression22 Sep 2026
- 2026Local-GS: Accelerating 3D Gaussian Splatting via Tile-Local Warp Coherence15 Jun 2026
- 2026VEDAL: Variational Error-Driven Asynchronous Learning for 3D Gaussian Splatting Pruning1 Jun 2026
- 2026MesonGS++: Post-training Compression of 3D Gaussian Splatting with Hyperparameter Searching29 Apr 2026
- 20263DTurboQuant: Training-Free Near-Optimal Quantization for 3D Reconstruction Models7 Apr 2026
- 2026Matryoshka Gaussian Splatting19 Mar 2026
- 2025ExGS: Extreme 3D Gaussian Compression with Diffusion Priors29 Sep 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Compressing 3D Gaussian Splatting by Noise-Substituted Vector Quantization
- 2026CSGaussian: Progressive Rate-Distortion Compression and Segmentation for 3D Gaussian Splatting
- 2026GETA-3DGS: Automatic Joint Structured Pruning and Quantization for 3D Gaussian Splatting
- 2025Optimized Minimal 3D Gaussian Splatting
- 2025SymGS : Leveraging Local Symmetries for 3D Gaussian Splatting Compression
- 2024HEMGS: A Hybrid Entropy Model for 3D Gaussian Splatting Data Compression
- 2023Compressed 3D Gaussian Splatting for Accelerated Novel View Synthesis
- 2026Nix and Fix: Targeting 1000x Compression of 3D Gaussian Splatting with Diffusion Models