Embodied Hands: Modeling and Capturing Hands and Bodies Together
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Abstract (arXiv)
Humans move their hands and bodies together to communicate and solve tasks. Capturing and replicating such coordinated activity is critical for virtual characters that behave realistically. Surprisingly, most methods treat the 3D modeling and tracking of bodies and hands separately. Here we formulate a model of hands and bodies interacting together and fit it to full-body 4D sequences. When scanning or capturing the full body in 3D, hands are small and often partially occluded, making their shape and pose hard to recover. To cope with low-resolution, occlusion, and noise, we develop a new model called MANO (hand Model with Articulated and Non-rigid defOrmations). MANO is learned from around 1000 high-resolution 3D scans of hands of 31 subjects in a wide variety of hand poses. The model is realistic, low-dimensional, captures non-rigid shape changes with pose, is compatible with standard graphics packages, and can fit any human hand. MANO provides a compact mapping from hand poses to pose blend shape corrections and a linear manifold of pose synergies. We attach MANO to a standard parameterized 3D body shape model (SMPL), resulting in a fully articulated body and hand model (SMPL+H). We illustrate SMPL+H by fitting complex, natural, activities of subjects captured with a 4D scanner. The fitting is fully automatic and results in full body models that move naturally with detailed hand motions and a realism not seen before in full body performance capture. The models and data are freely available for research purposes in our website (http://mano.is.tue.mpg.de).
Key facts. Cited by 179 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 83 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Jan 2022.
Builds on
11 of 83 references.
References · 11
- 2016Keep it SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Imagecited by 692
- 2017Learning from Synthetic Humanscited by 358
- 2017Hand Keypoint Detection in Single Images using Multiview Bootstrappingcited by 231
- 2015Capturing Hands in Action using Discriminative Salient Points and Physics Simulationcited by 115
- 2016Real-time Joint Tracking of a Hand Manipulating an Object from RGB-D Inputcited by 56
- 20173D Object Reconstruction from Hand-Object Interactionscited by 31
- 2016Fast and Robust Hand Tracking Using Detection-Guided Optimizationcited by 30
- 2014Learning to Generate Chairs, Tables and Cars with Convolutional Networkscited by 26
- 2016Training a Feedback Loop for Hand Pose Estimationcited by 21
- 2015Depth-based hand pose estimation: methods, data, and challengescited by 16
- 2017Dynamics Based 3D Skeletal Hand Trackingcited by 10
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 52; 2023: 50; 2024: 36; 2025: 27; 2026: 14.
179 papers.
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- 2022Executing your Commands via Motion Diffusion in Latent Spacecited by 567
- 2022TEMOS: Generating diverse human motions from textual descriptionscited by 486
- 2023Ego-Exo4D: Understanding Skilled Human Activity from First- and Third-Person Perspectivescited by 477
- 2022ARCTIC: A Dataset for Dexterous Bimanual Hand-Object Manipulationcited by 306
- 2023Reconstructing Hands in 3D with Transformerscited by 298
- 2022ECON: Explicit Clothed humans Optimized via Normal integrationcited by 199
- 2023Decoupling Human and Camera Motion from Videos in the Wildcited by 140
- 2022DexGraspNet: A Large-Scale Robotic Dexterous Grasp Dataset for General Objects Based on Simulationcited by 129
- 2022IMos: Intent-Driven Full-Body Motion Synthesis for Human-Object Interactionscited by 121
- 2022EventNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from a Single Colour Event Cameracited by 92
- 2022InterCap: Joint Markerless 3D Tracking of Humans and Objects in Interactioncited by 90
- 2022Interacting Attention Graph for Single Image Two-Hand Reconstructioncited by 87
38 more
- 2024Text2HOI: Text-guided 3D Motion Generation for Hand-Object Interactioncited by 84
- 2023HOLD: Category-agnostic 3D Reconstruction of Interacting Hands and Objects from Videocited by 76
- 2023Learning Neural Volumetric Representations of Dynamic Humans in Minutescited by 70
- 2023X-Avatar: Expressive Human Avatarscited by 66
- 2023AssemblyHands: Towards Egocentric Activity Understanding via 3D Hand Pose Estimationcited by 64
- 2024OKAMI: Teaching Humanoid Robots Manipulation Skills through Single Video Imitationcited by 62
- 2024DiffH2O: Diffusion-Based Synthesis of Hand-Object Interactions from Textual Descriptionscited by 60
- 2022Neural Surface Reconstruction of Dynamic Scenes with Monocular RGB-D Cameracited by 57
- 2022CaDeX: Learning Canonical Deformation Coordinate Space for Dynamic Surface Representation via Neural Homeomorphismcited by 56
- 2024Estimating Body and Hand Motion in an Ego-sensed Worldcited by 56
- 2022Collaborative Learning for Hand and Object Reconstruction with Attention-guided Graph Convolutioncited by 54
- 2022GenDexGrasp: Generalizable Dexterous Graspingcited by 54
- 2023Learning Locally Editable Virtual Humanscited by 54
- 2023ArtiGrasp: Physically Plausible Synthesis of Bi-Manual Dexterous Grasping and Articulationcited by 53
- 2023gSDF: Geometry-Driven Signed Distance Functions for 3D Hand-Object Reconstructioncited by 49
- 2022UmeTrack: Unified multi-view end-to-end hand tracking for VRcited by 48
- 2022FLEX: Full-Body Grasping Without Full-Body Graspscited by 46
- 2024Duolando: Follower GPT with Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning for Dance Accompanimentcited by 46
- 2023HandRefiner: Refining Malformed Hands in Generated Images by Diffusion-based Conditional Inpaintingcited by 42
- 2024HanDiffuser: Text-to-Image Generation With Realistic Hand Appearancescited by 42
- 2022CLIP-Actor: Text-Driven Recommendation and Stylization for Animating Human Meshescited by 41
- 2023Task-Oriented Human-Object Interactions Generation with Implicit Neural Representationscited by 41
- 2022Hand Avatar: Free-Pose Hand Animation and Rendering from Monocular Videocited by 37
- 2023ACR: Attention Collaboration-based Regressor for Arbitrary Two-Hand Reconstructioncited by 37
- 2023Bringing Inputs to Shared Domains for 3D Interacting Hands Recovery in the Wildcited by 36
- 2023Object pop-up: Can we infer 3D objects and their poses from human interactions alone?cited by 36
- 2024R+X: Retrieval and Execution from Everyday Human Videoscited by 36
- 2022Reconstructing Hand-Held Objects from Monocular Videocited by 35
- 2023Building Rearticulable Models for Arbitrary 3D Objects from 4D Point Cloudscited by 34
- 2022Animatable Implicit Neural Representations for Creating Realistic Avatars from Videoscited by 33
- 2024ViViDex: Learning Vision-based Dexterous Manipulation from Human Videoscited by 33
- 2024EasyHOI: Unleashing the Power of Large Models for Reconstructing Hand-Object Interactions in the Wildcited by 33
- 2023A Probabilistic Attention Model with Occlusion-aware Texture Regression for 3D Hand Reconstruction from a Single RGB Imagecited by 32
- 2022SPAMs: Structured Implicit Parametric Modelscited by 29
- 2022Consistent 3D Hand Reconstruction in Video via self-supervised Learningcited by 28
- 2022HARP: Personalized Hand Reconstruction from a Monocular RGB Videocited by 28
- 2023HandNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Animatable Interacting Handscited by 27
- 2024Motion2VecSets: 4D Latent Vector Set Diffusion for Non-rigid Shape Reconstruction and Trackingcited by 27
50 most cited of 179 All 179 (JSON)
- 2026AdvDex: Learning Dexterous Manipulation from Human Demonstrations via Joint-Aligned Actions and Adversarial Learning14 Aug 2026
- 2026A Synthetic-Driven Vision System for Assembly Step Recognition30 Jun 2026
- 2026EgoPressDiff: Multimodal Video Diffusion for Egocentric UV-Domain Hand-Pressure Estimation5 Jun 2026
- 2026Recent Advances and Trends in Learning-based 3D Representations3 Jun 2026
- 2026Topologically Consistent Multi-view 3D Head Reconstruction via Coarse-Guided Layered Surface Sampling29 May 2026
- 2026REACH: Hand Pose Estimation from Room Corners21 May 2026
- 2026EgoExo-WM: Unlocking Exo Video for Ego World Models14 May 2026
- 2026Towards Continuous Sign Language Conversation from Isolated Signs14 May 2026
- 2026EgoForce: Forearm-Guided Camera-Space 3D Hand Pose from a Monocular Egocentric Camera12 May 2026
- 2026Non-Rigid 3D Shape Correspondences: From Foundations to Open Challenges and Opportunities1 Apr 2026
- 2026Teacher-Student Diffusion Model for Text-Driven 3D Hand Motion Generation25 Mar 2026
- 2026SynthVerse: A Large-Scale Diverse Synthetic Dataset for Point Tracking4 Feb 2026
38 more
- 2026PEAR: Pixel-aligned Expressive humAn mesh Recovery30 Jan 2026
- 2026DeltaDorsal: Enhancing Hand Pose Estimation with Dorsal Features in Egocentric Views21 Jan 2026
- 2025DexAvatar: 3D Sign Language Reconstruction with Hand and Body Pose Priors24 Dec 2025
- 2025PALM: A Dataset and Baseline for Learning Multi-subject Hand Prior7 Nov 2025
- 2025GRASPLAT: Enabling dexterous grasping through novel view synthesis22 Oct 2025
- 2025HOSt3R: Keypoint-free Hand-Object 3D Reconstruction from RGB images22 Aug 2025
- 2025Enhancing Monocular 3D Hand Reconstruction with Learned Texture Priors13 Aug 2025
- 2025Self-Attention Based Multi-Scale Graph Auto-Encoder Network of 3D Meshes7 Jul 2025
- 2025Using Sign Language Production as Data Augmentation to enhance Sign Language Translation11 Jun 2025
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- 2025DyTact: Capturing Dynamic Contacts in Hand-Object Manipulation3 Jun 2025
- 2025M3DHMR: Monocular 3D Hand Mesh Recovery26 May 2025
- 2025EventEgoHands: Event-based Egocentric 3D Hand Mesh Reconstruction25 May 2025
- 2025Multi-Person Interaction Generation from Two-Person Motion Priors23 May 2025
- 2025EVA: Expressive Virtual Avatars from Multi-view Videos21 May 2025
- 2025HandOcc: NeRF-based Hand Rendering with Occupancy Networks4 May 2025
- 2025Separate to Collaborate: Dual-Stream Diffusion Model for Coordinated Piano Hand Motion Synthesis14 Apr 2025
- 2025BIGS: Bimanual Category-agnostic Interaction Reconstruction from Monocular Videos via 3D Gaussian Splatting12 Apr 2025
- 2025Reconstructing Humans with a Biomechanically Accurate Skeleton27 Mar 2025
- 2025OccRobNet : Occlusion Robust Network for Accurate 3D Interacting Hand-Object Pose Estimation27 Mar 2025
- 2025Re-HOLD: Video Hand Object Interaction Reenactment via adaptive Layout-instructed Diffusion Model21 Mar 2025
- 2025A Survey on Human Interaction Motion Generation17 Mar 2025
- 2025TASTE-Rob: Advancing Video Generation of Task-Oriented Hand-Object Interaction for Generalizable Robotic Manipulation14 Mar 2025
- 2025Cosh-DiT: Co-Speech Gesture Video Synthesis via Hybrid Audio-Visual Diffusion Transformers13 Mar 2025
- 2025ARC-Flow : Articulated, Resolution-Agnostic, Correspondence-Free Matching and Interpolation of 3D Shapes Under Flow Fields4 Mar 2025
- 2025HGDiffuser: Efficient Task-Oriented Grasp Generation via Human-Guided Grasp Diffusion Models1 Mar 2025
- 2025Realistic Clothed Human and Object Joint Reconstruction from a Single Image25 Feb 2025
- 2025JGHand: Joint-Driven Animatable Hand Avater via 3D Gaussian Splatting31 Jan 2025
- 2025Predicting 4D Hand Trajectory from Monocular Videos14 Jan 2025
- 2024JADE: Joint-aware Latent Diffusion for 3D Human Generative Modeling29 Dec 2024
- 2024Exploring Graph Mamba: A Comprehensive Survey on State-Space Models for Graph Learning24 Dec 2024
- 2024MultiGO: Towards Multi-level Geometry Learning for Monocular 3D Textured Human Reconstruction4 Dec 2024
- 2024Multi-Resolution Generative Modeling of Human Motion from Limited Data25 Nov 2024
- 2024FastGrasp: Efficient Grasp Synthesis with Diffusion22 Nov 2024
- 2024EasyHOI: Unleashing the Power of Large Models for Reconstructing Hand-Object Interactions in the Wild21 Nov 2024
- 2024UniHands: Unifying Various Wild-Collected Keypoints for Personalized Hand Reconstruction18 Nov 2024
- 2024Efficient Neural Implicit Representation for 3D Human Reconstruction23 Oct 2024
- 2024GraspDiffusion: Synthesizing Realistic Whole-body Hand-Object Interaction17 Oct 2024
50 newest of 179 All 179 (JSON)
- 2022Executing your Commands via Motion Diffusion in Latent Spacecited by 567
- 2024DiffH2O: Diffusion-Based Synthesis of Hand-Object Interactions from Textual Descriptionscited by 60
- 2023HandRefiner: Refining Malformed Hands in Generated Images by Diffusion-based Conditional Inpaintingcited by 42
- 2024HanDiffuser: Text-to-Image Generation With Realistic Hand Appearancescited by 42
- 2024Motion2VecSets: 4D Latent Vector Set Diffusion for Non-rigid Shape Reconstruction and Trackingcited by 27
- 2023Synthesizing Long-Term Human Motions with Diffusion Models via Coherent Samplingcited by 19
- 2025Re-HOLD: Video Hand Object Interaction Reenactment via adaptive Layout-instructed Diffusion Modelcited by 19
- 2024DreamHOI: Subject-Driven Generation of 3D Human-Object Interactions with Diffusion Priorscited by 9
- 2025Multi-Person Interaction Generation from Two-Person Motion Priorscited by 8
- 2024FastGrasp: Efficient Grasp Synthesis with Diffusioncited by 7
- 2025Separate to Collaborate: Dual-Stream Diffusion Model for Coordinated Piano Hand Motion Synthesiscited by 4
- 2025HGDiffuser: Efficient Task-Oriented Grasp Generation via Human-Guided Grasp Diffusion Modelscited by 3
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2026EgoPressDiff: Multimodal Video Diffusion for Egocentric UV-Domain Hand-Pressure Estimation5 Jun 2026
- 2026Teacher-Student Diffusion Model for Text-Driven 3D Hand Motion Generation25 Mar 2026
- 2025Multi-Person Interaction Generation from Two-Person Motion Priors23 May 2025
- 2025Separate to Collaborate: Dual-Stream Diffusion Model for Coordinated Piano Hand Motion Synthesis14 Apr 2025
- 2025Re-HOLD: Video Hand Object Interaction Reenactment via adaptive Layout-instructed Diffusion Model21 Mar 2025
- 2025Cosh-DiT: Co-Speech Gesture Video Synthesis via Hybrid Audio-Visual Diffusion Transformers13 Mar 2025
- 2025HGDiffuser: Efficient Task-Oriented Grasp Generation via Human-Guided Grasp Diffusion Models1 Mar 2025
- 2024JADE: Joint-aware Latent Diffusion for 3D Human Generative Modeling29 Dec 2024
- 2024FastGrasp: Efficient Grasp Synthesis with Diffusion22 Nov 2024
- 2024DreamHOI: Subject-Driven Generation of 3D Human-Object Interactions with Diffusion Priors12 Sep 2024
- 2024DiffH2O: Diffusion-Based Synthesis of Hand-Object Interactions from Textual Descriptions26 Mar 2024
- 2024HanDiffuser: Text-to-Image Generation With Realistic Hand Appearances4 Mar 2024
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2025TASTE-Rob: Advancing Video Generation of Task-Oriented Hand-Object Interaction for Generalizable Robotic Manipulationcited by 24
- 2024VIEW: Visual Imitation Learning with Waypointscited by 10
- 2024Leveraging Pretrained Latent Representations for Few-Shot Imitation Learning on a Dexterous Robotic Handcited by 2
- 2025TASTE-Rob: Advancing Video Generation of Task-Oriented Hand-Object Interaction for Generalizable Robotic Manipulation14 Mar 2025
- 2024VIEW: Visual Imitation Learning with Waypoints27 Apr 2024
- 2024Leveraging Pretrained Latent Representations for Few-Shot Imitation Learning on a Dexterous Robotic Hand25 Apr 2024
- 2026EgoExo-WM: Unlocking Exo Video for Ego World Modelscited by 2
- 2026EgoExo-WM: Unlocking Exo Video for Ego World Models14 May 2026
- 2022TEMOS: Generating diverse human motions from textual descriptionscited by 486
- 2023Ego-Exo4D: Understanding Skilled Human Activity from First- and Third-Person Perspectivescited by 477
- 2022ARCTIC: A Dataset for Dexterous Bimanual Hand-Object Manipulationcited by 306
- 2023Reconstructing Hands in 3D with Transformerscited by 298
- 2022ECON: Explicit Clothed humans Optimized via Normal integrationcited by 199
- 2023Decoupling Human and Camera Motion from Videos in the Wildcited by 140
- 2022DexGraspNet: A Large-Scale Robotic Dexterous Grasp Dataset for General Objects Based on Simulationcited by 129
- 2022IMos: Intent-Driven Full-Body Motion Synthesis for Human-Object Interactionscited by 121
- 2022EventNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from a Single Colour Event Cameracited by 92
- 2022InterCap: Joint Markerless 3D Tracking of Humans and Objects in Interactioncited by 90
- 2022Interacting Attention Graph for Single Image Two-Hand Reconstructioncited by 87
- 2024Text2HOI: Text-guided 3D Motion Generation for Hand-Object Interactioncited by 84
12 most cited of 157 All 157 (JSON)
- 2026AdvDex: Learning Dexterous Manipulation from Human Demonstrations via Joint-Aligned Actions and Adversarial Learning14 Aug 2026
- 2026A Synthetic-Driven Vision System for Assembly Step Recognition30 Jun 2026
- 2026Recent Advances and Trends in Learning-based 3D Representations3 Jun 2026
- 2026Topologically Consistent Multi-view 3D Head Reconstruction via Coarse-Guided Layered Surface Sampling29 May 2026
- 2026REACH: Hand Pose Estimation from Room Corners21 May 2026
- 2026Towards Continuous Sign Language Conversation from Isolated Signs14 May 2026
- 2026EgoForce: Forearm-Guided Camera-Space 3D Hand Pose from a Monocular Egocentric Camera12 May 2026
- 2026Non-Rigid 3D Shape Correspondences: From Foundations to Open Challenges and Opportunities1 Apr 2026
- 2026PEAR: Pixel-aligned Expressive humAn mesh Recovery30 Jan 2026
- 2026DeltaDorsal: Enhancing Hand Pose Estimation with Dorsal Features in Egocentric Views21 Jan 2026
- 2025DexAvatar: 3D Sign Language Reconstruction with Hand and Body Pose Priors24 Dec 2025
- 2025PALM: A Dataset and Baseline for Learning Multi-subject Hand Prior7 Nov 2025
12 newest of 157 All 157 (JSON)