mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

SimpleRecon: 3D Reconstruction Without 3D Convolutions

arXiv 2208.14743 ↗First posted 31 Aug 2022cs.CVcited by 83

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Abstract (arXiv)

Traditionally, 3D indoor scene reconstruction from posed images happens in two phases: per-image depth estimation, followed by depth merging and surface reconstruction. Recently, a family of methods have emerged that perform reconstruction directly in final 3D volumetric feature space. While these methods have shown impressive reconstruction results, they rely on expensive 3D convolutional layers, limiting their application in resource-constrained environments. In this work, we instead go back to the traditional route, and show how focusing on high quality multi-view depth prediction leads to highly accurate 3D reconstructions using simple off-the-shelf depth fusion. We propose a simple state-of-the-art multi-view depth estimator with two main contributions: 1) a carefully-designed 2D CNN which utilizes strong image priors alongside a plane-sweep feature volume and geometric losses, combined with 2) the integration of keyframe and geometric metadata into the cost volume which allows informed depth plane scoring. Our method achieves a significant lead over the current state-of-the-art for depth estimation and close or better for 3D reconstruction on ScanNet and 7-Scenes, yet still allows for online real-time low-memory reconstruction. Code, models and results are available at https://nianticlabs.github.io/simplerecon

Key facts. Cited by 83 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 61 of its 99 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Aug 2022.

Builds on

61 of 99 references.

References · 61

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38 more
  1. 2018MnasNet: Platform-Aware Neural Architecture Search for Mobilecited by 943
  2. 2015A Large Dataset to Train Convolutional Networks for Disparity, Optical Flow, and Scene Flow Estimationcited by 881
  3. 2016Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Left-Right Consistencycited by 820
  4. 2018MVSNet: Depth Inference for Unstructured Multi-view Stereocited by 788
  5. 2018MegaDepth: Learning Single-View Depth Prediction from Internet Photoscited by 737
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  8. 2018Pyramid Stereo Matching Networkcited by 489
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  11. 2017End-to-End Learning of Geometry and Context for Deep Stereo Regressioncited by 360
  12. 2018DeepMVS: Learning Multi-view Stereopsiscited by 277
  13. 2019GA-Net: Guided Aggregation Net for End-to-end Stereo Matchingcited by 244
  14. 2021NeuralRecon: Real-Time Coherent 3D Reconstruction from Monocular Videocited by 241
  15. 2019Enforcing geometric constraints of virtual normal for depth predictioncited by 234
  16. 2019Kornia: an Open Source Differentiable Computer Vision Library for PyTorchcited by 232
  17. 2020Consistent Video Depth Estimationcited by 220
  18. 2020Learning to Recover 3D Scene Shape from a Single Imagecited by 216
  19. 2020Atlas: End-to-End 3D Scene Reconstruction from Posed Imagescited by 206
  20. 2017Learning a Multi-View Stereo Machinecited by 194
  21. 2021The Temporal Opportunist: Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Monocular Depthcited by 190
  22. 2018Depth Prediction Without the Sensors: Leveraging Structure for Unsupervised Learning from Monocular Videoscited by 155
  23. 2015Stereo Matching by Training a Convolutional Neural Network to Compare Image Patchescited by 151
  24. 2018Revisiting Single Image Depth Estimation: Toward Higher Resolution Maps with Accurate Object Boundariescited by 145
  25. 2020Feature-metric Loss for Self-supervised Learning of Depth and Egomotioncited by 140
  26. 2018Learning Depth with Convolutional Spatial Propagation Networkcited by 136
  27. 2019Self-supervised Learning with Geometric Constraints in Monocular Video: Connecting Flow, Depth, and Cameracited by 130
  28. 2017SurfaceNet: An End-to-end 3D Neural Network for Multiview Stereopsiscited by 128
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  30. 2019DPSNet: End-to-end Deep Plane Sweep Stereocited by 115
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  32. 2021TransformerFusion: Monocular RGB Scene Reconstruction using Transformerscited by 106
  33. 2018MaskFusion: Real-Time Recognition, Tracking and Reconstruction of Multiple Moving Objectscited by 95
  34. 2019CAM-Convs: Camera-Aware Multi-Scale Convolutions for Single-View Depthcited by 75
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  38. 2020MonoRec: Semi-Supervised Dense Reconstruction in Dynamic Environments from a Single Moving Cameracited by 59

50 most cited of 61 All 61 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 20; 2024: 26; 2025: 19; 2026: 15.

83 papers.

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  1. 2025Continuous 3D Perception Model with Persistent Statecited by 548
  2. 20243D Reconstruction with Spatial Memorycited by 277
  3. 2022Unifying Flow, Stereo and Depth Estimationcited by 275
  4. 2024MegaSaM: Accurate, Fast, and Robust Structure and Motion from Casual Dynamic Videoscited by 228
  5. 2025Video Depth Anything: Consistent Depth Estimation for Super-Long Videoscited by 207
  6. 2024MASt3R-SLAM: Real-Time Dense SLAM with 3D Reconstruction Priorscited by 205
  7. 2023Point-SLAM: Dense Neural Point Cloud-based SLAMcited by 160
  8. 2023Gaussian-SLAM: Photo-realistic Dense SLAM with Gaussian Splattingcited by 154
  9. 2024Long-LRM: Long-sequence Large Reconstruction Model for Wide-coverage Gaussian Splatscited by 114
  10. 2024FreeSplat: Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting Towards Free-View Synthesis of Indoor Scenescited by 89
  11. 2022Removing Objects From Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 66
  12. 2024Loopy-SLAM: Dense Neural SLAM with Loop Closurescited by 48
38 more
  1. 2023SNAP: Self-Supervised Neural Maps for Visual Positioning and Semantic Understandingcited by 38
  2. 2023SurfelNeRF: Neural Surfel Radiance Fields for Online Photorealistic Reconstruction of Indoor Scenescited by 30
  3. 2024PreF3R: Pose-Free Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting from Variable-length Image Sequencecited by 28
  4. 2023Learning Signed Distance Functions from Noisy 3D Point Clouds via Noise to Noise Mappingcited by 27
  5. 2024EFM3D: A Benchmark for Measuring Progress Towards 3D Egocentric Foundation Modelscited by 26
  6. 2025MVSAnywhere: Zero-Shot Multi-View Stereocited by 26
  7. 2023MAMo: Leveraging Memory and Attention for Monocular Video Depth Estimationcited by 24
  8. 2023DiffInDScene: Diffusion-based High-Quality 3D Indoor Scene Generationcited by 23
  9. 2026ShapeR: Robust Conditional 3D Shape Generation from Casual Capturescited by 22
  10. 2025Multi-view Reconstruction via SfM-guided Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 20
  11. 2023UncLe-SLAM: Uncertainty Learning for Dense Neural SLAMcited by 19
  12. 2024Learning-based Multi-View Stereo: A Surveycited by 18
  13. 2022MonoNeuralFusion: Online Monocular Neural 3D Reconstruction with Geometric Priorscited by 17
  14. 2023FineRecon: Depth-aware Feed-forward Network for Detailed 3D Reconstructioncited by 17
  15. 2023CVRecon: Rethinking 3D Geometric Feature Learning For Neural Reconstructioncited by 16
  16. 2025FreeSplat++: Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting for Efficient Indoor Scene Reconstructioncited by 15
  17. 2023Pixel-Aligned Recurrent Queries for Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 14
  18. 2025Reconstructing 4D Spatial Intelligence: A Surveycited by 14
  19. 2024FutureDepth: Learning to Predict the Future Improves Video Depth Estimationcited by 13
  20. 2024AirPlanes: Accurate Plane Estimation via 3D-Consistent Embeddingscited by 13
  21. 2024PlanarSplatting: Accurate Planar Surface Reconstruction in 3 Minutescited by 13
  22. 2025LongSplat: Online Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting from Long Sequence Imagescited by 13
  23. 2025L4P: Towards Unified Low-Level 4D Vision Perceptioncited by 12
  24. 2023SuperPrimitive: Scene Reconstruction at a Primitive Levelcited by 11
  25. 2024DoubleTake: Geometry Guided Depth Estimationcited by 9
  26. 2025JOG3R: Towards 3D-Consistent Video Generatorscited by 9
  27. 2023VisFusion: Visibility-aware Online 3D Scene Reconstruction from Videoscited by 8
  28. 2025Morpheus: Text-Driven 3D Gaussian Splat Shape and Color Stylizationcited by 8
  29. 2024FastCAD: Real-Time CAD Retrieval and Alignment from Scans and Videoscited by 7
  30. 2023Incremental Dense Reconstruction from Monocular Video with Guided Sparse Feature Volume Fusioncited by 6
  31. 2025StereoDiff: Stereo-Diffusion Synergy for Video Depth Estimationcited by 6
  32. 2023Virtual Occlusions Through Implicit Depthcited by 5
  33. 2023XTransCT: Ultra-Fast Volumetric CT Reconstruction using Two Orthogonal X-Ray Projections for Image-guided Radiation Therapy via a Transformer Networkcited by 5
  34. 2024Unified Scene Representation and Reconstruction for 3D Large Language Modelscited by 5
  35. 2026Video Understanding: From Geometry and Semantics to Unified Modelscited by 5
  36. 2026GenRecon: Bridging Generative Priors for Multi-View 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 5
  37. 2023SimpleMapping: Real-Time Visual-Inertial Dense Mapping with Deep Multi-View Stereocited by 4
  38. 2024Range-Agnostic Multi-View Depth Estimation With Keyframe Selectioncited by 4

50 most cited of 83 All 83 (JSON)