mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities

arXiv 2507.06261 ↗First posted 7 Jul 2025cs.CL cs.AIcited by 3,655

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Cited by 1,016 in LLM reasoning, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

In this report, we introduce the Gemini 2.X model family: Gemini 2.5 Pro and Gemini 2.5 Flash, as well as our earlier Gemini 2.0 Flash and Flash-Lite models. Gemini 2.5 Pro is our most capable model yet, achieving SoTA performance on frontier coding and reasoning benchmarks. In addition to its incredible coding and reasoning skills, Gemini 2.5 Pro is a thinking model that excels at multimodal understanding and it is now able to process up to 3 hours of video content. Its unique combination of long context, multimodal and reasoning capabilities can be combined to unlock new agentic workflows. Gemini 2.5 Flash provides excellent reasoning abilities at a fraction of the compute and latency requirements and Gemini 2.0 Flash and Flash-Lite provide high performance at low latency and cost. Taken together, the Gemini 2.X model generation spans the full Pareto frontier of model capability vs cost, allowing users to explore the boundaries of what is possible with complex agentic problem solving.

Key facts. Cited by 3,655 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 7 Jul 2025.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1289; 2026: 2366.

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  2. 2025InternVL3.5: Advancing Open-Source Multimodal Models in Versatility, Reasoning, and Efficiencycited by 1,419
  3. 2025DeepSeek-V3.2: Pushing the Frontier of Open Large Language Modelscited by 755
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  5. 2025ReasoningBank: Scaling Agent Self-Evolving with Reasoning Memorycited by 253
  6. 2026SkillRL: Evolving Agents via Recursive Skill-Augmented Reinforcement Learningcited by 252
  7. 2025LLaVA-OneVision-1.5: Fully Open Framework for Democratized Multimodal Trainingcited by 233
  8. 2025Video models are zero-shot learners and reasonerscited by 208
  9. 2025UI-TARS-2 Technical Report: Advancing GUI Agent with Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learningcited by 205
  10. 2026Gemma 4 Technical Reportcited by 187
  11. 2025Self-Forcing++: Towards Minute-Scale High-Quality Video Generationcited by 176
  12. 2025A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Modelscited by 175
38 more
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  2. 2025Goedel-Prover-V2: Scaling Formal Theorem Proving with Scaffolded Data Synthesis and Self-Correctioncited by 140
  3. 2025Alpamayo-R1: Bridging Reasoning and Action Prediction for Generalizable Autonomous Driving in the Long Tailcited by 136
  4. 2026Molmo2: Open Weights and Data for Vision-Language Models with Video Understanding and Groundingcited by 132
  5. 2025Evo-Memory: Benchmarking LLM Agent Test-time Learning with Self-Evolving Memorycited by 129
  6. 2025ACON: Optimizing Context Compression for Long-horizon LLM Agentscited by 126
  7. 2025Qwen3Guard Technical Reportcited by 125
  8. 2025Cambrian-S: Towards Spatial Supersensing in Videocited by 123
  9. 2025Emu3.5: Native Multimodal Models are World Learnerscited by 119
  10. 2026DreamDojo: A Generalist Robot World Model from Large-Scale Human Videoscited by 117
  11. 2025AgenTracer: Who Is Inducing Failure in the LLM Agentic Systems?cited by 105
  12. 2025Ovis2.5 Technical Reportcited by 103
  13. 2025MCP-Bench: Benchmarking Tool-Using LLM Agents with Complex Real-World Tasks via MCP Serverscited by 101
  14. 2025On the Theoretical Limitations of Embedding-Based Retrievalcited by 98
  15. 2025Self-Rewarding Vision-Language Model via Reasoning Decompositioncited by 95
  16. 2025AgentFold: Long-Horizon Web Agents with Proactive Context Managementcited by 95
  17. 2025Being-H0: Vision-Language-Action Pretraining from Large-Scale Human Videoscited by 94
  18. 2025Thinking With Videos: Multimodal Tool-Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Long Video Reasoningcited by 88
  19. 2025CWM: An Open-Weights LLM for Research on Code Generation with World Modelscited by 87
  20. 2025WebExplorer: Explore and Evolve for Training Long-Horizon Web Agentscited by 86
  21. 2025Visual Spatial Tuningcited by 85
  22. 2026SKILL0: In-Context Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Skill Internalizationcited by 82
  23. 2025Dream-Coder 7B: An Open Diffusion Language Model for Codecited by 81
  24. 2025JanusVLN: Decoupling Semantics and Spatiality with Dual Implicit Memory for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 80
  25. 2025ResearchRubrics: A Benchmark of Prompts and Rubrics For Evaluating Deep Research Agentscited by 80
  26. 2025Winning Gold at IMO 2025 with a Model-Agnostic Verification-and-Refinement Pipelinecited by 79
  27. 2025Zebra-CoT: A Dataset for Interleaved Vision Language Reasoningcited by 78
  28. 2026Conditional Memory via Scalable Lookup: A New Axis of Sparsity for Large Language Modelscited by 78
  29. 2025Monet: Reasoning in Latent Visual Space Beyond Images and Languagecited by 75
  30. 2025From AI for Science to Agentic Science: A Survey on Autonomous Scientific Discoverycited by 74
  31. 2025The Tool Decathlon: Benchmarking Language Agents for Diverse, Realistic, and Long-Horizon Task Executioncited by 73
  32. 2025Deep Forcing: Training-Free Long Video Generation with Deep Sink and Participative Compressioncited by 72
  33. 2026Mobile-Agent-v3.5: Multi-platform Fundamental GUI Agentscited by 72
  34. 2026XSkill: Continual Learning from Experience and Skills in Multimodal Agentscited by 71
  35. 2026Vision-OPD: Learning to See Fine Details for Multimodal LLMs via On-Policy Self-Distillationcited by 71
  36. 2025MobileWorld: Benchmarking Autonomous Mobile Agents in Agent-User Interactive and MCP-Augmented Environmentscited by 69
  37. 2025Nested Learning: The Illusion of Deep Learning Architecturescited by 69
  38. 2025AgentGym-RL: Training LLM Agents for Long-Horizon Decision Making through Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learningcited by 68

50 most cited of 3,655 All 3,655 (JSON)

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  3. 2023Gemini vs GPT-4V: A Preliminary Comparison and Combination of Vision-Language Models Through Qualitative Cases
  4. 2023Gemini in Reasoning: Unveiling Commonsense in Multimodal Large Language Models
  5. 2025Gemini Robotics 1.5: Pushing the Frontier of Generalist Robots with Advanced Embodied Reasoning, Thinking, and Motion Transfer
  6. 2025ChatGPT and Gemini participated in the Korean College Scholastic Ability Test -- Earth Science I
  7. 2023A Challenger to GPT-4V? Early Explorations of Gemini in Visual Expertise
  8. 2026Step 3.5 Flash: Open Frontier-Level Intelligence with 11B Active Parameters