mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Gemini in Reasoning: Unveiling Commonsense in Multimodal Large Language Models

arXiv 2312.17661 ↗First posted 29 Dec 2023cs.CL cs.AI cs.CVcited by 15

On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

The burgeoning interest in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), such as OpenAI's GPT-4V(ision), has significantly impacted both academic and industrial realms. These models enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) with advanced visual understanding capabilities, facilitating their application in a variety of multimodal tasks. Recently, Google introduced Gemini, a cutting-edge MLLM designed specifically for multimodal integration. Despite its advancements, preliminary benchmarks indicate that Gemini lags behind GPT models in commonsense reasoning tasks. However, this assessment, based on a limited dataset (i.e., HellaSWAG), does not fully capture Gemini's authentic commonsense reasoning potential. To address this gap, our study undertakes a thorough evaluation of Gemini's performance in complex reasoning tasks that necessitate the integration of commonsense knowledge across modalities. We carry out a comprehensive analysis of 12 commonsense reasoning datasets, ranging from general to domain-specific tasks. This includes 11 datasets focused solely on language, as well as one that incorporates multimodal elements. Our experiments across four LLMs and two MLLMs demonstrate Gemini's competitive commonsense reasoning capabilities. Additionally, we identify common challenges faced by current LLMs and MLLMs in addressing commonsense problems, underscoring the need for further advancements in enhancing the commonsense reasoning abilities of these models.

Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 24 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Dec 2023.

Builds on

24 of 52 references.

References · 24

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  2. 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
  3. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 12,865
  4. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,601
  5. 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,155
  6. 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,537
  7. 2023Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Modelscited by 810
  8. 2023The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision)cited by 677
  9. 2023Multimodal Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 193
  10. 2023MM-VID: Advancing Video Understanding with GPT-4V(ision)cited by 82
  11. 2023Can GPT-4V(ision) Serve Medical Applications? Case Studies on GPT-4V for Multimodal Medical Diagnosiscited by 77
  12. 2019Recent Advances in Natural Language Inference: A Survey of Benchmarks, Resources, and Approachescited by 64
12 more
  1. 2023ChatGPT is a Knowledgeable but Inexperienced Solver: An Investigation of Commonsense Problem in Large Language Modelscited by 63
  2. 2023Metacognitive Prompting Improves Understanding in Large Language Modelscited by 58
  3. 2021A Systematic Investigation of Commonsense Knowledge in Large Language Modelscited by 56
  4. 2023A Challenger to GPT-4V? Early Explorations of Gemini in Visual Expertisecited by 49
  5. 2023Are Large Language Models Ready for Healthcare? A Comparative Study on Clinical Language Understandingcited by 40
  6. 2023TRAM: Benchmarking Temporal Reasoning for Large Language Modelscited by 39
  7. 2023An In-depth Look at Gemini's Language Abilitiescited by 28
  8. 2023A Comprehensive Evaluation of GPT-4V on Knowledge-Intensive Visual Question Answeringcited by 23
  9. 2022Integrating Physiological Time Series and Clinical Notes with Transformer for Early Prediction of Sepsiscited by 14
  10. 2023Commonsense Knowledge Transfer for Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 5
  11. 2023An Evaluation of GPT-4V and Gemini in Online VQAcited by 5
  12. 2022Enhancing Transformer Efficiency for Multivariate Time Series Classificationcited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.

15 papers.

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  1. 2025Missing Premise exacerbates Overthinking: Are Reasoning Models losing Critical Thinking Skill?cited by 58
  2. 2024Understanding Long Videos with Multimodal Language Modelscited by 25
  3. 2024RUPBench: Benchmarking Reasoning Under Perturbations for Robustness Evaluation in Large Language Modelscited by 13
  4. 2024Cracking the Code of Juxtaposition: Can AI Models Understand the Humorous Contradictionscited by 11
  5. 2025Praxis-VLM: Vision-Grounded Decision Making via Text-Driven Reinforcement Learningcited by 9
  6. 2025Orchestrating Agents and Data for Enterprise: A Blueprint Architecture for Compound AIcited by 9
  7. 2025Understanding the Thinking Process of Reasoning Models: A Perspective from Schoenfeld's Episode Theorycited by 9
  8. 2025EscapeCraft: A 3D Room Escape Environment for Benchmarking Complex Multimodal Reasoning Abilitycited by 6
  9. 2024Programming with AI: Evaluating ChatGPT, Gemini, AlphaCode, and GitHub Copilot for Programmerscited by 5
  10. 2025When 'YES' Meets 'BUT': Can Large Models Comprehend Contradictory Humor Through Comparative Reasoning?cited by 5
  11. 2024Evaluating the Efficacy of Prompt-Engineered Large Multimodal Models Versus Fine-Tuned Vision Transformers in Image-Based Security Applicationscited by 3
  12. 2024Questionable practices in machine learningcited by 3
3 more
  1. 2024Fine-Grained and Thematic Evaluation of LLMs in Social Deduction Gamecited by 3
  2. 2025Agentic Episodic Controlcited by 1
  3. 2026The Periodic Table of LLM Reasoning: A Structured Survey of Reasoning Paradigms, Methods, and Failure Modescited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Scientific Reasoning: Assessment of Multimodal Generative LLMs
  2. 2024Exploring the Reasoning Abilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs): A Comprehensive Survey on Emerging Trends in Multimodal Reasoning
  3. 2024From GPT-4 to Gemini and Beyond: Assessing the Landscape of MLLMs on Generalizability, Trustworthiness and Causality through Four Modalities
  4. 2025Argus Inspection: Do Multimodal Large Language Models Possess the Eye of Panoptes?
  5. 2025MDK12-Bench: A Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models
  6. 2025Position: Multimodal Large Language Models Can Significantly Advance Scientific Reasoning
  7. 2025MSA at ImageCLEF 2025 Multimodal Reasoning: Multilingual Multimodal Reasoning With Ensemble Vision Language Models
  8. 2023Gemini vs GPT-4V: A Preliminary Comparison and Combination of Vision-Language Models Through Qualitative Cases