Finish First, Perfect Later: Test-Time Token-Level Cross-Validation for Diffusion Large Language Models
On the map: Efficient LLM inference and serving → Diffusion LLM and MoE inference
Abstract (arXiv)
Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) models, offering advantages such as accelerated parallel decoding and bidirectional context modeling. However, the vanilla decoding strategy in discrete dLLMs suffers from a critical limitation: once a token is accepted, it can no longer be revised in subsequent steps. As a result, early mistakes persist across iterations, harming both intermediate predictions and final output quality. To address this issue, we propose Tolerator (Token-Level Cross-Validation Refinement), a training-free decoding strategy that leverages cross-validation among predicted tokens. Unlike existing methods that follow a single progressive unmasking procedure, Tolerator introduces a two-stage process: (i) sequence fill-up and (ii) iterative refinement by remasking and decoding a subset of tokens while treating the remaining as context. This design enables previously accepted tokens to be reconsidered and corrected when necessary, leading to more reliable diffusion decoding outputs. We evaluate Tolerator on five standard benchmarks covering language understanding, code generation, and mathematics. Experiments show that our method achieves consistent improvements over the baselines under the same computational budget. These findings suggest that decoding algorithms are crucial to realizing the full potential of diffusion large language models. Code and data are publicly available.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion LLM and MoE inference, one of 12 directions in Efficient LLM inference and serving. Builds on 50 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Oct 2025.
Builds on
50 of 54 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
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- 2025dKV-Cache: The Cache for Diffusion Language Models21 May
Other references · 46
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5 papers.
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