mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

SPIn-NeRF: Multiview Segmentation and Perceptual Inpainting with Neural Radiance Fields

arXiv 2211.12254 ↗First posted 22 Nov 2022cs.CVcited by 144

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Abstract (arXiv)

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) have emerged as a popular approach for novel view synthesis. While NeRFs are quickly being adapted for a wider set of applications, intuitively editing NeRF scenes is still an open challenge. One important editing task is the removal of unwanted objects from a 3D scene, such that the replaced region is visually plausible and consistent with its context. We refer to this task as 3D inpainting. In 3D, solutions must be both consistent across multiple views and geometrically valid. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D inpainting method that addresses these challenges. Given a small set of posed images and sparse annotations in a single input image, our framework first rapidly obtains a 3D segmentation mask for a target object. Using the mask, a perceptual optimizationbased approach is then introduced that leverages learned 2D image inpainters, distilling their information into 3D space, while ensuring view consistency. We also address the lack of a diverse benchmark for evaluating 3D scene inpainting methods by introducing a dataset comprised of challenging real-world scenes. In particular, our dataset contains views of the same scene with and without a target object, enabling more principled benchmarking of the 3D inpainting task. We first demonstrate the superiority of our approach on multiview segmentation, comparing to NeRFbased methods and 2D segmentation approaches. We then evaluate on the task of 3D inpainting, establishing state-ofthe-art performance against other NeRF manipulation algorithms, as well as a strong 2D image inpainter baseline. Project Page: https://spinnerf3d.github.io

Key facts. Cited by 144 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 63 of its 81 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Nov 2022.

Builds on

63 of 81 references.

References · 63

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  10. 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,032
  11. 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,964
  12. 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,613
38 more
  1. 2020pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Imagescited by 1,584
  2. 2016Context Encoders: Feature Learning by Inpaintingcited by 1,428
  3. 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 1,280
  4. 2021PlenOctrees for Real-time Rendering of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 905
  5. 2021Resolution-robust Large Mask Inpainting with Fourier Convolutionscited by 738
  6. 2021Depth-supervised NeRF: Fewer Views and Faster Training for Freecited by 735
  7. 2021IBRNet: Learning Multi-View Image-Based Renderingcited by 703
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  9. 2021BARF: Bundle-Adjusting Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 642
  10. 2018Generative Image Inpainting with Contextual Attentioncited by 580
  11. 2017Convolutional Sequence to Sequence Learningcited by 552
  12. 2021Baking Neural Radiance Fields for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 468
  13. 2021In-Place Scene Labelling and Understanding with Implicit Scene Representationcited by 415
  14. 2022Decomposing NeRF for Editing via Feature Field Distillationcited by 371
  15. 2021CLIP-NeRF: Text-and-Image Driven Manipulation of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 370
  16. 2021Advances in Neural Renderingcited by 365
  17. 2019SinGAN: Learning a Generative Model from a Single Natural Imagecited by 348
  18. 2022MobileNeRF: Exploiting the Polygon Rasterization Pipeline for Efficient Neural Field Rendering on Mobile Architecturescited by 311
  19. 2021Learning Object-Compositional Neural Radiance Field for Editable Scene Renderingcited by 228
  20. 2021Editing Conditional Radiance Fieldscited by 222
  21. 2021Large Scale Image Completion via Co-Modulated Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 220
  22. 2022MAT: Mask-Aware Transformer for Large Hole Image Inpaintingcited by 218
  23. 2022NeRF-Editing: Geometry Editing of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 217
  24. 2021NeX: Real-time View Synthesis with Neural Basis Expansioncited by 216
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  29. 2021NeRF--: Neural Radiance Fields Without Known Camera Parameterscited by 155
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  32. 2021A Survey on Deep Learning Technique for Video Segmentationcited by 132
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  34. 2022EfficientNeRF: Efficient Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 111
  35. 2019Coherent Semantic Attention for Image Inpaintingcited by 97
  36. 2018Shift-Net: Image Inpainting via Deep Feature Rearrangementcited by 87
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  38. 2018Image Inpainting via Generative Multi-column Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 81

50 most cited of 63 All 63 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 28; 2024: 52; 2025: 39; 2026: 24.

144 papers.

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  1. 2023Gaussian Grouping: Segment and Edit Anything in 3D Scenescited by 393
  2. 2024A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 224
  3. 2023Segment Any 3D Gaussianscited by 161
  4. 2024RealmDreamer: Text-Driven 3D Scene Generation with Inpainting and Depth Diffusioncited by 109
  5. 20243D Gaussian as a New Era: A Surveycited by 104
  6. 2024DGE: Direct Gaussian 3D Editing by Consistent Multi-view Editingcited by 94
  7. 2024StyleGaussian: Instant 3D Style Transfer with Gaussian Splattingcited by 79
  8. 2023OmniSeg3D: Omniversal 3D Segmentation via Hierarchical Contrastive Learningcited by 75
  9. 2022Removing Objects From Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 66
  10. 2023Segment Anything in 3D with Radiance Fieldscited by 62
  11. 2023NeRFiller: Completing Scenes via Generative 3D Inpaintingcited by 62
  12. 2024Click-Gaussian: Interactive Segmentation to Any 3D Gaussianscited by 58
38 more
  1. 2024InFusion: Inpainting 3D Gaussians via Learning Depth Completion from Diffusion Priorcited by 56
  2. 2023Watch Your Steps: Local Image and Scene Editing by Text Instructionscited by 50
  3. 2024EgoLifter: Open-world 3D Segmentation for Egocentric Perceptioncited by 47
  4. 2023PERF: Panoramic Neural Radiance Field from a Single Panoramacited by 45
  5. 2023Reference-guided Controllable Inpainting of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 40
  6. 2024GScream: Learning 3D Geometry and Feature Consistent Gaussian Splatting for Object Removalcited by 39
  7. 2023SHAP-EDITOR: Instruction-guided Latent 3D Editing in Secondscited by 37
  8. 2024LUDVIG: Learning-Free Uplifting of 2D Visual Features to Gaussian Splatting Scenescited by 37
  9. 2023OR-NeRF: Object Removing from 3D Scenes Guided by Multiview Segmentation with Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 34
  10. 2024SAGD: Boundary-Enhanced Segment Anything in 3D Gaussian via Gaussian Decompositioncited by 30
  11. 2024MVInpainter: Learning Multi-View Consistent Inpainting to Bridge 2D and 3D Editingcited by 30
  12. 2023Point'n Move: Interactive Scene Object Manipulation on Gaussian Splatting Radiance Fieldscited by 27
  13. 2024NeRF-HuGS: Improved Neural Radiance Fields in Non-static Scenes Using Heuristics-Guided Segmentationcited by 25
  14. 2024GaussianCut: Interactive segmentation via graph cut for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 25
  15. 2025ObjectGS: Object-aware Scene Reconstruction and Scene Understanding via Gaussian Splattingcited by 25
  16. 2024MVIP-NeRF: Multi-view 3D Inpainting on NeRF Scenes via Diffusion Priorcited by 24
  17. 20253D Gaussian Inpainting with Depth-Guided Cross-View Consistencycited by 24
  18. 2025AuraFusion360: Augmented Unseen Region Alignment for Reference-based 360deg Unbounded Scene Inpaintingcited by 21
  19. 2024Taming Latent Diffusion Model for Neural Radiance Field Inpaintingcited by 20
  20. 2025ReferSplat: Referring Segmentation in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 20
  21. 2025A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Applications: Segmentation, Editing, and Generationcited by 19
  22. 2025Skyfall-GS: Synthesizing Immersive 3D Urban Scenes from Satellite Imagerycited by 17
  23. 2023InNeRF360: Text-Guided 3D-Consistent Object Inpainting on 360-degree Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 16
  24. 2024How Far are AI-generated Videos from Simulating the 3D Visual World: A Learned 3D Evaluation Approachcited by 16
  25. 2024DaReNeRF: Direction-aware Representation for Dynamic Scenescited by 15
  26. 2024ChatCam: Empowering Camera Control through Conversational AIcited by 15
  27. 2025SceneSplat++: A Large Dataset and Comprehensive Benchmark for Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 15
  28. 2023NTO3D: Neural Target Object 3D Reconstruction with Segment Anythingcited by 14
  29. 2023Inpaint3D: 3D Scene Content Generation using 2D Inpainting Diffusioncited by 13
  30. 2025Trace3D: Consistent Segmentation Lifting via Gaussian Instance Tracingcited by 13
  31. 20232D-Guided 3D Gaussian Segmentationcited by 12
  32. 2024Neural Radiance Field-based Visual Rendering: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 12
  33. 2024ExtraNeRF: Visibility-Aware View Extrapolation of Neural Radiance Fields with Diffusion Modelscited by 12
  34. 2024EventSplat: 3D Gaussian Splatting from Moving Event Cameras for Real-time Renderingcited by 12
  35. 2024InseRF: Text-Driven Generative Object Insertion in Neural 3D Scenescited by 11
  36. 2024GenN2N: Generative NeRF2NeRF Translationcited by 11
  37. 2024InstantStyleGaussian: Efficient Art Style Transfer with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 11
  38. 2024CTRL-D: Controllable Dynamic 3D Scene Editing with Personalized 2D Diffusioncited by 11

50 most cited of 144 All 144 (JSON)