SPIn-NeRF: Multiview Segmentation and Perceptual Inpainting with Neural Radiance Fields
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Abstract (arXiv)
Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) have emerged as a popular approach for novel view synthesis. While NeRFs are quickly being adapted for a wider set of applications, intuitively editing NeRF scenes is still an open challenge. One important editing task is the removal of unwanted objects from a 3D scene, such that the replaced region is visually plausible and consistent with its context. We refer to this task as 3D inpainting. In 3D, solutions must be both consistent across multiple views and geometrically valid. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D inpainting method that addresses these challenges. Given a small set of posed images and sparse annotations in a single input image, our framework first rapidly obtains a 3D segmentation mask for a target object. Using the mask, a perceptual optimizationbased approach is then introduced that leverages learned 2D image inpainters, distilling their information into 3D space, while ensuring view consistency. We also address the lack of a diverse benchmark for evaluating 3D scene inpainting methods by introducing a dataset comprised of challenging real-world scenes. In particular, our dataset contains views of the same scene with and without a target object, enabling more principled benchmarking of the 3D inpainting task. We first demonstrate the superiority of our approach on multiview segmentation, comparing to NeRFbased methods and 2D segmentation approaches. We then evaluate on the task of 3D inpainting, establishing state-ofthe-art performance against other NeRF manipulation algorithms, as well as a strong 2D image inpainter baseline. Project Page: https://spinnerf3d.github.io
Key facts. Cited by 144 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 63 of its 81 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Nov 2022.
Builds on
63 of 81 references.
References · 63
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- 2021PlenOctrees for Real-time Rendering of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 905
- 2021Resolution-robust Large Mask Inpainting with Fourier Convolutionscited by 738
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- 2021Baking Neural Radiance Fields for Real-Time View Synthesiscited by 468
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- 2022Decomposing NeRF for Editing via Feature Field Distillationcited by 371
- 2021CLIP-NeRF: Text-and-Image Driven Manipulation of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 370
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- 2021Editing Conditional Radiance Fieldscited by 222
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- 2022MAT: Mask-Aware Transformer for Large Hole Image Inpaintingcited by 218
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- 2019Coherent Semantic Attention for Image Inpaintingcited by 97
- 2018Shift-Net: Image Inpainting via Deep Feature Rearrangementcited by 87
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50 most cited of 63 All 63 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 28; 2024: 52; 2025: 39; 2026: 24.
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- 2023Gaussian Grouping: Segment and Edit Anything in 3D Scenescited by 393
- 2024A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 224
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- 2023OmniSeg3D: Omniversal 3D Segmentation via Hierarchical Contrastive Learningcited by 75
- 2022Removing Objects From Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 66
- 2023Segment Anything in 3D with Radiance Fieldscited by 62
- 2023NeRFiller: Completing Scenes via Generative 3D Inpaintingcited by 62
- 2024Click-Gaussian: Interactive Segmentation to Any 3D Gaussianscited by 58
38 more
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- 2024InseRF: Text-Driven Generative Object Insertion in Neural 3D Scenescited by 11
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- 2024InstantStyleGaussian: Efficient Art Style Transfer with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 11
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50 most cited of 144 All 144 (JSON)
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- 2024Taming Latent Diffusion Model for Neural Radiance Field Inpaintingcited by 20
- 2024How Far are AI-generated Videos from Simulating the 3D Visual World: A Learned 3D Evaluation Approachcited by 16
- 2023Inpaint3D: 3D Scene Content Generation using 2D Inpainting Diffusioncited by 13
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- 2024InstantStyleGaussian: Efficient Art Style Transfer with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 11
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- 2025InstructMix2Mix: Consistent Sparse-View Editing Through Multi-View Model Personalization18 Nov 2025
- 2025Perspective-aware 3D Gaussian Inpainting with Multi-view Consistency13 Oct 2025
- 2025DiGA3D: Coarse-to-Fine Diffusional Propagation of Geometry and Appearance for Versatile 3D Inpainting1 Jul 2025
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- 2024ExtraNeRF: Visibility-Aware View Extrapolation of Neural Radiance Fields with Diffusion Models10 Jun 2024
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- 2024InFusion: Inpainting 3D Gaussians via Learning Depth Completion from Diffusion Prior17 Apr 2024
12 newest of 18 All 18 (JSON)
- 2023Gaussian Grouping: Segment and Edit Anything in 3D Scenescited by 393
- 2024A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 224
- 2023Segment Any 3D Gaussianscited by 161
- 20243D Gaussian as a New Era: A Surveycited by 104
- 2024DGE: Direct Gaussian 3D Editing by Consistent Multi-view Editingcited by 94
- 2024StyleGaussian: Instant 3D Style Transfer with Gaussian Splattingcited by 79
- 2023OmniSeg3D: Omniversal 3D Segmentation via Hierarchical Contrastive Learningcited by 75
- 2022Removing Objects From Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 66
- 2023Segment Anything in 3D with Radiance Fieldscited by 62
- 2023NeRFiller: Completing Scenes via Generative 3D Inpaintingcited by 62
- 2024Click-Gaussian: Interactive Segmentation to Any 3D Gaussianscited by 58
- 2024EgoLifter: Open-world 3D Segmentation for Egocentric Perceptioncited by 47
12 most cited of 120 All 120 (JSON)
- 2026WINGS: Reference-Free Gaussian Splatting Inpainting with 3D-Native Generative Priors29 Sep 2026
- 2026PePESeg3D: Perception Prior Enhances Multi-Scale Segmentation for 3D Gaussian Splatting23 Sep 2026
- 2026ObjectSplat: Improving Mesh Fidelity and Interactivity for 3D Scenes via Object-Level Mesh Splatting31 Aug 2026
- 2026CoGeo-GS: Concept-Driven and Geometry-Aware Multi-Object Removal in 3D Scenes27 Aug 2026
- 2026LEGO: Leveled Language Gaussian Splatting10 Aug 2026
- 2026ZeroSplat: Generalized Referring Segmentation in 3D Gaussian Splatting21 Jul 2026
- 2026Online Segment 3D Gaussians via Launching Virtual Drones2 Jul 2026
- 2026Restore3D: Breathing Life into Broken Objects with Shape and Texture Restoration1 Jul 2026
- 2026CoIn: Comprehensive 2D-3D Inpainting with Gaussian Splatting Guidance25 Jun 2026
- 2026JointEdit3D: Feed-Forward 3D Scene Editing in a Unified Latent Space11 Jun 2026
- 2026GeM-NR: Geometry-Aware Multi-View Editing for Nonrigid Scene Changes3 Jun 2026
- 2026Benchmarking Single-Step Inpainting Methods for Multi-Object 3D Gaussian Splatting Scenes29 May 2026
12 newest of 120 All 120 (JSON)