StyleGaussian: Instant 3D Style Transfer with Gaussian Splatting
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce StyleGaussian, a novel 3D style transfer technique that allows instant transfer of any image's style to a 3D scene at 10 frames per second (fps). Leveraging 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), StyleGaussian achieves style transfer without compromising its real-time rendering ability and multi-view consistency. It achieves instant style transfer with three steps: embedding, transfer, and decoding. Initially, 2D VGG scene features are embedded into reconstructed 3D Gaussians. Next, the embedded features are transformed according to a reference style image. Finally, the transformed features are decoded into the stylized RGB. StyleGaussian has two novel designs. The first is an efficient feature rendering strategy that first renders low-dimensional features and then maps them into high-dimensional features while embedding VGG features. It cuts the memory consumption significantly and enables 3DGS to render the high-dimensional memory-intensive features. The second is a K-nearest-neighbor-based 3D CNN. Working as the decoder for the stylized features, it eliminates the 2D CNN operations that compromise strict multi-view consistency. Extensive experiments show that StyleGaussian achieves instant 3D stylization with superior stylization quality while preserving real-time rendering and strict multi-view consistency. Project page: https://kunhao-liu.github.io/StyleGaussian/
Key facts. Cited by 78 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 50 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Mar 2024.
Builds on
50 of 56 references.
References · 50
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- 2016Perceptual Losses for Real-Time Style Transfer and Super-Resolutioncited by 2,678
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38 more
- 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,607
- 2020D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenescited by 1,459
- 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 1,275
- 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,204
- 2021Direct Voxel Grid Optimization: Super-fast Convergence for Radiance Fields Reconstructioncited by 961
- 2020NeRF++: Analyzing and Improving Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 857
- 2020GIRAFFE: Representing Scenes as Compositional Generative Neural Feature Fieldscited by 784
- 2023K-Planes: Explicit Radiance Fields in Space, Time, and Appearancecited by 742
- 2020GRAF: Generative Radiance Fields for 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 688
- 2021KiloNeRF: Speeding up Neural Radiance Fields with Thousands of Tiny MLPscited by 672
- 2021FastNeRF: High-Fidelity Neural Rendering at 200FPScited by 510
- 2020NeRV: Neural Reflectance and Visibility Fields for Relighting and View Synthesiscited by 493
- 2023Instruct-NeRF2NeRF: Editing 3D Scenes with Instructionscited by 482
- 2021StyleNeRF: A Style-based 3D-Aware Generator for High-resolution Image Synthesiscited by 477
- 2023LangSplat: 3D Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 410
- 2022Decomposing NeRF for Editing via Feature Field Distillationcited by 370
- 2021CLIP-NeRF: Text-and-Image Driven Manipulation of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 369
- 2023Feature 3DGS: Supercharging 3D Gaussian Splatting to Enable Distilled Feature Fieldscited by 361
- 2023GaussianEditor: Swift and Controllable 3D Editing with Gaussian Splattingcited by 331
- 2022NeuS2: Fast Learning of Neural Implicit Surfaces for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 311
- 2020Softmax Splatting for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 276
- 2019Differentiable Surface Splatting for Point-based Geometry Processingcited by 238
- 2021Editing Conditional Radiance Fieldscited by 222
- 2022NeRF-Editing: Geometry Editing of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 216
- 2021Neural Articulated Radiance Fieldcited by 196
- 2023DreamEditor: Text-Driven 3D Scene Editing with Neural Fieldscited by 154
- 2022ARF: Artistic Radiance Fieldscited by 147
- 2022SPIn-NeRF: Multiview Segmentation and Perceptual Inpainting with Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 144
- 2022StylizedNeRF: Consistent 3D Scene Stylization as Stylized NeRF via 2D-3D Mutual Learningcited by 140
- 2022NeRF-Art: Text-Driven Neural Radiance Fields Stylizationcited by 126
- 2021Stylizing 3D Scene via Implicit Representation and HyperNetworkcited by 103
- 2023SINE: Semantic-driven Image-based NeRF Editing with Prior-guided Editing Fieldcited by 93
- 2023StyleRF: Zero-shot 3D Style Transfer of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 79
- 2022Deforming Radiance Fields with Cagescited by 78
- 2021Learning to Stylize Novel Viewscited by 76
- 2022Unified Implicit Neural Stylizationcited by 67
- 20213D Photo Stylization: Learning to Generate Stylized Novel Views from a Single Imagecited by 45
- 2022NeRF-In: Free-Form NeRF Inpainting with RGB-D Priorscited by 43
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 21; 2025: 34; 2026: 23.
78 papers.
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- 2024Recent Advances in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 130
- 2024StylizedGS: Controllable Stylization for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 23
- 2024Novel View Extrapolation with Video Diffusion Priorscited by 23
- 2024SGSST: Scaling Gaussian Splatting StyleTransfercited by 20
- 2025NLI4VolVis: Natural Language Interaction for Volume Visualization via LLM Multi-Agents and Editable 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 19
- 2025A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Applications: Segmentation, Editing, and Generationcited by 19
- 2024StyleSplat: 3D Object Style Transfer with Gaussian Splattingcited by 18
- 2024Advancing Extended Reality with 3D Gaussian Splatting: Innovations and Prospectscited by 17
- 2024LangSurf: Language-Embedded Surface Gaussians for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 17
- 2024HDRSplat: Gaussian Splatting for High Dynamic Range 3D Scene Reconstruction from Raw Imagescited by 15
- 2024WeatherGS: 3D Scene Reconstruction in Adverse Weather Conditions via Gaussian Splattingcited by 13
- 2024Reference-based Controllable Scene Stylization with Gaussian Splattingcited by 12
38 more
- 2024InstantStyleGaussian: Efficient Art Style Transfer with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 11
- 2025SOGS: Second-Order Anchor for Advanced 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 10
- 2025TexGS-VolVis: Expressive Scene Editing for Volume Visualization via Textured Gaussian Splattingcited by 9
- 2024TV-3DG: Mastering Text-to-3D Customized Generation with Visual Promptcited by 8
- 2024Style3D: Attention-guided Multi-view Style Transfer for 3D Object Generationcited by 8
- 2025Morpheus: Text-Driven 3D Gaussian Splat Shape and Color Stylizationcited by 8
- 20253D Stylization via Large Reconstruction Modelcited by 8
- 2025CLIPGaussian: Universal and Multimodal Style Transfer Based on Gaussian Splattingcited by 8
- 2025StyleSculptor: Zero-Shot Style-Controllable 3D Asset Generation with Texture-Geometry Dual Guidancecited by 8
- 2025Improving Adaptive Density Control for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 7
- 2025ABC-GS: Alignment-Based Controllable Style Transfer for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 7
- 2025StyleMe3D: Stylization with Disentangled Priors by Multiple Encoders on 3D Gaussianscited by 6
- 2025Splat Feature Solvercited by 6
- 2024G-Style: Stylized Gaussian Splattingcited by 5
- 2024FruitNinja: 3D Object Interior Texture Generation with Gaussian Splattingcited by 5
- 2024ArtNVG: Content-Style Separated Artistic Neighboring-View Gaussian Stylizationcited by 4
- 2025MGSR: 2D/3D Mutual-boosted Gaussian Splatting for High-fidelity Surface Reconstruction under Various Light Conditionscited by 4
- 2025Advances in Radiance Field for Dynamic Scene: From Neural Field to Gaussian Fieldcited by 4
- 2025Styl3R: Instant 3D Stylized Reconstruction for Arbitrary Scenes and Stylescited by 4
- 2025Multi-StyleGS: Stylizing Gaussian Splatting with Multiple Stylescited by 4
- 20244DStyleGaussian: Zero-shot 4D Style Transfer with Gaussian Splattingcited by 3
- 2025Hand-Shadow Posercited by 3
- 2025GT2-GS: Geometry-aware Texture Transfer for Gaussian Splattingcited by 3
- 2025FantasyStyle: Controllable Stylized Distillation for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 3
- 2025Stylos: Multi-View 3D Stylization with Single-Forward Gaussian Splattingcited by 3
- 2024ProGDF: Progressive Gaussian Differential Field for Controllable and Flexible 3D Editingcited by 2
- 2025ClimateGS: Real-Time Climate Simulation with 3D Gaussian Style Transfercited by 2
- 2025GuideFlow3D: Optimization-Guided Rectified Flow For Appearance Transfercited by 2
- 2025Training-Free Multi-View Extension of IC-Light for Textual Position-Aware Scene Relightingcited by 2
- 2026Tune-Your-Style: Intensity-tunable 3D Style Transfer with Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
- 2026ArtisanGS: Interactive Tools for Gaussian Splat Selection with AI and Human in the Loopcited by 2
- 2026WeatherCity: Urban Scene Reconstruction with Controllable Multi-Weather Transformationcited by 2
- 2024Editing Implicit and Explicit Representations of Radiance Fields: A Surveycited by 1
- 2025FPGS: Feed-Forward Semantic-aware Photorealistic Style Transfer of Large-Scale Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
- 2025Style4D-Bench: A Benchmark Suite for 4D Stylizationcited by 1
- 2025Improved 3D Scene Stylization via Text-Guided Generative Image Editing with Region-Based Controlcited by 1
- 2026Thinking Like Van Gogh: Structure-Aware Style Transfer via Flow-Guided 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
- 2026VIRGi: View-dependent Instant Recoloring of 3D Gaussians Splatscited by 1
50 most cited of 78 All 78 (JSON)
- 2026AVSplat: Dense-View Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting with Assist-View Preconditioning5 Sep 2026
- 2026DReSG: Diffusion Residuals for Stylized Gaussian Splatting29 Aug 2026
- 2026Owner3D: Ownership-Guided Style Writing for Training-Free Localized 3D Stylization14 Aug 2026
- 20263DGBGS: 3D Granular Ball Gaussian Splatting for Compact Novel View Synthesis29 Jul 2026
- 2026OmniStyle-INR: Universal and Multimodal Style Transfer for INRs17 Jul 2026
- 2026Capacity-Controlled Multi-View Stylization of 3D Gaussian Splatting25 Jun 2026
- 2026From Sparse and Imperfect 2D Anchors to Consistent 3D Gaussian Street Scenes: Support-Aware Appearance24 Jun 2026
- 2026Geometry-Aware Style Transfer in 3D Gaussian Splatting23 Jun 2026
- 2026Splatshot: 3D Face Avatar Generation from a Single Unconstrained Photo31 May 2026
- 2026Boosting Zero-Shot 3D Style Transfer with 2D Pre-trained Priors28 May 2026
- 2026Structured 3D Latents Are Surprisingly Powerful: Unleashing Generalizable Style with 2D Diffusion6 May 2026
- 2026SIC3D: Style Image Conditioned Text-to-3D Gaussian Splatting Generation9 Apr 2026
38 more
- 2026Image-Guided Geometric Stylization of 3D Meshes9 Apr 2026
- 2026M2StyleGS: Multi-Modality 3D Style Transfer with Gaussian Splatting4 Apr 2026
- 2026Training-Free Instance-Aware 3D Scene Reconstruction and Diffusion-Based View Synthesis from Sparse Images22 Mar 2026
- 2026Catalyst4D: High-Fidelity 3D-to-4D Scene Editing via Dynamic Propagation13 Mar 2026
- 2026VIRGi: View-dependent Instant Recoloring of 3D Gaussians Splats3 Mar 2026
- 2026WeatherCity: Urban Scene Reconstruction with Controllable Multi-Weather Transformation25 Feb 2026
- 2026ArtisanGS: Interactive Tools for Gaussian Splat Selection with AI and Human in the Loop10 Feb 2026
- 2026AnyStyle: Single-Pass Multimodal Stylization for 3D Gaussian Splatting3 Feb 2026
- 2026Tune-Your-Style: Intensity-tunable 3D Style Transfer with Gaussian Splatting31 Jan 2026
- 2026DiffStyle3D: Consistent 3D Gaussian Stylization via Attention Optimization27 Jan 2026
- 2026Thinking Like Van Gogh: Structure-Aware Style Transfer via Flow-Guided 3D Gaussian Splatting15 Jan 2026
- 2025FROMAT: Multiview Material Appearance Transfer via Few-Shot Self-Attention Adaptation10 Dec 2025
- 2025Training-Free Multi-View Extension of IC-Light for Textual Position-Aware Scene Relighting17 Nov 2025
- 2025GuideFlow3D: Optimization-Guided Rectified Flow For Appearance Transfer17 Oct 2025
- 2025Stylos: Multi-View 3D Stylization with Single-Forward Gaussian Splatting30 Sep 2025
- 2025StyleSculptor: Zero-Shot Style-Controllable 3D Asset Generation with Texture-Geometry Dual Guidance16 Sep 2025
- 2025Improved 3D Scene Stylization via Text-Guided Generative Image Editing with Region-Based Control4 Sep 2025
- 2025SSGaussian: Semantic-Aware and Structure-Preserving 3D Style Transfer4 Sep 2025
- 2025Style4D-Bench: A Benchmark Suite for 4D Stylization26 Aug 2025
- 2025Image-Conditioned 3D Gaussian Splat Quantization21 Aug 2025
- 2025Splat Feature Solver17 Aug 2025
- 2025A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Applications: Segmentation, Editing, and Generation13 Aug 2025
- 2025FantasyStyle: Controllable Stylized Distillation for 3D Gaussian Splatting11 Aug 2025
- 2025Make Your MoVe: Make Your 3D Contents by Adapting Multi-View Diffusion Models to External Editing11 Aug 2025
- 2025Optimization-Free Style Transfer for 3D Gaussian Splats7 Aug 2025
- 2025TexGS-VolVis: Expressive Scene Editing for Volume Visualization via Textured Gaussian Splatting18 Jul 2025
- 2025NLI4VolVis: Natural Language Interaction for Volume Visualization via LLM Multi-Agents and Editable 3D Gaussian Splatting16 Jul 2025
- 2025RePaintGS: Reference-Guided Gaussian Splatting for Realistic and View-Consistent 3D Scene Inpainting11 Jul 2025
- 2025Multi-StyleGS: Stylizing Gaussian Splatting with Multiple Styles7 Jun 2025
- 2025CLIPGaussian: Universal and Multimodal Style Transfer Based on Gaussian Splatting28 May 2025
- 2025Styl3R: Instant 3D Stylized Reconstruction for Arbitrary Scenes and Styles27 May 2025
- 2025GT2-GS: Geometry-aware Texture Transfer for Gaussian Splatting21 May 2025
- 2025Advances in Radiance Field for Dynamic Scene: From Neural Field to Gaussian Field15 May 2025
- 2025Hand-Shadow Poser11 May 2025
- 20253D Stylization via Large Reconstruction Model30 Apr 2025
- 2025StyleMe3D: Stylization with Disentangled Priors by Multiple Encoders on 3D Gaussians21 Apr 2025
- 2025ABC-GS: Alignment-Based Controllable Style Transfer for 3D Gaussian Splatting28 Mar 2025
- 2025ClimateGS: Real-Time Climate Simulation with 3D Gaussian Style Transfer19 Mar 2025
50 newest of 78 All 78 (JSON)
- 2024Novel View Extrapolation with Video Diffusion Priorscited by 23
- 2024InstantStyleGaussian: Efficient Art Style Transfer with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 11
- 2025GuideFlow3D: Optimization-Guided Rectified Flow For Appearance Transfercited by 2
- 2025Training-Free Multi-View Extension of IC-Light for Textual Position-Aware Scene Relightingcited by 2
- 2025Make Your MoVe: Make Your 3D Contents by Adapting Multi-View Diffusion Models to External Editingcited by 0
- 2025SSGaussian: Semantic-Aware and Structure-Preserving 3D Style Transfercited by 0
- 2025FROMAT: Multiview Material Appearance Transfer via Few-Shot Self-Attention Adaptationcited by 0
- 2026SIC3D: Style Image Conditioned Text-to-3D Gaussian Splatting Generationcited by 0
- 2026Splatshot: 3D Face Avatar Generation from a Single Unconstrained Photocited by 0
- 2026DReSG: Diffusion Residuals for Stylized Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026DReSG: Diffusion Residuals for Stylized Gaussian Splatting29 Aug 2026
- 2026Splatshot: 3D Face Avatar Generation from a Single Unconstrained Photo31 May 2026
- 2026SIC3D: Style Image Conditioned Text-to-3D Gaussian Splatting Generation9 Apr 2026
- 2025FROMAT: Multiview Material Appearance Transfer via Few-Shot Self-Attention Adaptation10 Dec 2025
- 2025Training-Free Multi-View Extension of IC-Light for Textual Position-Aware Scene Relighting17 Nov 2025
- 2025GuideFlow3D: Optimization-Guided Rectified Flow For Appearance Transfer17 Oct 2025
- 2025SSGaussian: Semantic-Aware and Structure-Preserving 3D Style Transfer4 Sep 2025
- 2025Make Your MoVe: Make Your 3D Contents by Adapting Multi-View Diffusion Models to External Editing11 Aug 2025
- 2024Novel View Extrapolation with Video Diffusion Priors21 Nov 2024
- 2024InstantStyleGaussian: Efficient Art Style Transfer with 3D Gaussian Splatting8 Aug 2024
- 2024Recent Advances in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 130
- 2024StylizedGS: Controllable Stylization for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 23
- 2024SGSST: Scaling Gaussian Splatting StyleTransfercited by 20
- 2025A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Applications: Segmentation, Editing, and Generationcited by 19
- 2024StyleSplat: 3D Object Style Transfer with Gaussian Splattingcited by 18
- 2024Advancing Extended Reality with 3D Gaussian Splatting: Innovations and Prospectscited by 17
- 2024LangSurf: Language-Embedded Surface Gaussians for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 17
- 2024HDRSplat: Gaussian Splatting for High Dynamic Range 3D Scene Reconstruction from Raw Imagescited by 15
- 2024WeatherGS: 3D Scene Reconstruction in Adverse Weather Conditions via Gaussian Splattingcited by 13
- 2024Reference-based Controllable Scene Stylization with Gaussian Splattingcited by 12
- 2025SOGS: Second-Order Anchor for Advanced 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 10
- 2025TexGS-VolVis: Expressive Scene Editing for Volume Visualization via Textured Gaussian Splattingcited by 9
12 most cited of 67 All 67 (JSON)
- 2026AVSplat: Dense-View Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting with Assist-View Preconditioning5 Sep 2026
- 2026Owner3D: Ownership-Guided Style Writing for Training-Free Localized 3D Stylization14 Aug 2026
- 20263DGBGS: 3D Granular Ball Gaussian Splatting for Compact Novel View Synthesis29 Jul 2026
- 2026OmniStyle-INR: Universal and Multimodal Style Transfer for INRs17 Jul 2026
- 2026Capacity-Controlled Multi-View Stylization of 3D Gaussian Splatting25 Jun 2026
- 2026From Sparse and Imperfect 2D Anchors to Consistent 3D Gaussian Street Scenes: Support-Aware Appearance24 Jun 2026
- 2026Geometry-Aware Style Transfer in 3D Gaussian Splatting23 Jun 2026
- 2026Boosting Zero-Shot 3D Style Transfer with 2D Pre-trained Priors28 May 2026
- 2026Structured 3D Latents Are Surprisingly Powerful: Unleashing Generalizable Style with 2D Diffusion6 May 2026
- 2026Image-Guided Geometric Stylization of 3D Meshes9 Apr 2026
- 2026M2StyleGS: Multi-Modality 3D Style Transfer with Gaussian Splatting4 Apr 2026
- 2026Training-Free Instance-Aware 3D Scene Reconstruction and Diffusion-Based View Synthesis from Sparse Images22 Mar 2026
12 newest of 67 All 67 (JSON)