CrowdPose: Efficient Crowded Scenes Pose Estimation and A New Benchmark
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Abstract (arXiv)
Multi-person pose estimation is fundamental to many computer vision tasks and has made significant progress in recent years. However, few previous methods explored the problem of pose estimation in crowded scenes while it remains challenging and inevitable in many scenarios. Moreover, current benchmarks cannot provide an appropriate evaluation for such cases. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient method to tackle the problem of pose estimation in the crowd and a new dataset to better evaluate algorithms. Our model consists of two key components: joint-candidate single person pose estimation (SPPE) and global maximum joints association. With multi-peak prediction for each joint and global association using graph model, our method is robust to inevitable interference in crowded scenes and very efficient in inference. The proposed method surpasses the state-of-the-art methods on CrowdPose dataset by 5.2 mAP and results on MSCOCO dataset demonstrate the generalization ability of our method. Source code and dataset will be made publicly available.
Key facts. Cited by 214 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 2 Dec 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 42; 2022: 47; 2023: 49; 2024: 34; 2025: 24; 2026: 18.
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- 2022ViTPose: Simple Vision Transformer Baselines for Human Pose Estimationcited by 456
- 2022AlphaPose: Whole-Body Regional Multi-Person Pose Estimation and Tracking in Real-Timecited by 200
- 2023RTMPose: Real-Time Multi-Person Pose Estimation based on MMPosecited by 175
- 2023InstructDiffusion: A Generalist Modeling Interface for Vision Taskscited by 164
- 2023SMPLer-X: Scaling Up Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 155
- 2021Putting People in their Place: Monocular Regression of 3D People in Depthcited by 142
- 2024VisionLLM v2: An End-to-End Generalist Multimodal Large Language Model for Hundreds of Vision-Language Taskscited by 137
- 2021Human Pose Regression with Residual Log-likelihood Estimationcited by 131
- 2021AP-10K: A Benchmark for Animal Pose Estimation in the Wildcited by 123
- 2022Revealing the Dark Secrets of Masked Image Modelingcited by 117
- 2021Bottom-Up Human Pose Estimation Via Disentangled Keypoint Regressioncited by 112
- 2025Detect Anything via Next Point Predictioncited by 73
38 more
- 2024TAPVid-3D: A Benchmark for Tracking Any Point in 3Dcited by 72
- 2021SimCC: a Simple Coordinate Classification Perspective for Human Pose Estimationcited by 68
- 2023Human-Art: A Versatile Human-Centric Dataset Bridging Natural and Artificial Scenescited by 68
- 2021Learning to Estimate Robust 3D Human Mesh from In-the-Wild Crowded Scenescited by 65
- 2022ViTPose++: Vision Transformer for Generic Body Pose Estimationcited by 65
- 2022Normalizing Flows for Human Pose Anomaly Detectioncited by 60
- 2023EgoHumans: An Egocentric 3D Multi-Human Benchmarkcited by 60
- 2022APT-36K: A Large-scale Benchmark for Animal Pose Estimation and Trackingcited by 56
- 2021OpenPifPaf: Composite Fields for Semantic Keypoint Detection and Spatio-Temporal Associationcited by 55
- 2022Occluded Human Mesh Recoverycited by 54
- 2021Deep Dual Consecutive Network for Human Pose Estimationcited by 51
- 2021Recent Advances in Monocular 2D and 3D Human Pose Estimation: A Deep Learning Perspectivecited by 50
- 2023Explicit Box Detection Unifies End-to-End Multi-Person Pose Estimationcited by 48
- 2021Three Steps to Multimodal Trajectory Prediction: Modality Clustering, Classification and Synthesiscited by 46
- 2023Human Pose as Compositional Tokenscited by 45
- 2021TFPose: Direct Human Pose Estimation with Transformerscited by 42
- 2021RGB Matters: Learning 7-DoF Grasp Poses on Monocular RGBD Imagescited by 39
- 2022Pose for Everything: Towards Category-Agnostic Pose Estimationcited by 36
- 2022Mining Cross-Person Cues for Body-Part Interactiveness Learning in HOI Detectioncited by 34
- 2023RTMO: Towards High-Performance One-Stage Real-Time Multi-Person Pose Estimationcited by 34
- 2021Lightweight Multi-person Total Motion Capture Using Sparse Multi-view Camerascited by 33
- 2023PSVT: End-to-End Multi-person 3D Pose and Shape Estimation with Progressive Video Transformerscited by 32
- 2025SMPLest-X: Ultimate Scaling for Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 32
- 2023UnionDet: Union-Level Detector Towards Real-Time Human-Object Interaction Detectioncited by 31
- 2024Harmony4D: A Video Dataset for In-The-Wild Close Human Interactionscited by 31
- 2021Multi-Instance Pose Networks: Rethinking Top-Down Pose Estimationcited by 30
- 2021End-to-End Trainable Multi-Instance Pose Estimation with Transformerscited by 30
- 2022Benchmarking and Analyzing 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation Beyond Algorithmscited by 28
- 2023Human Pose Estimation in Extremely Low-Light Conditionscited by 27
- 2021ViPNAS: Efficient Video Pose Estimation via Neural Architecture Searchcited by 26
- 2023Group Pose: A Simple Baseline for End-to-End Multi-person Pose Estimationcited by 26
- 2022Efficient Human Pose Estimation via 3D Event Point Cloudcited by 25
- 2023Bidirectionally Deformable Motion Modulation For Video-based Human Pose Transfercited by 25
- 2024HumanRefiner: Benchmarking Abnormal Human Generation and Refining with Coarse-to-fine Pose-Reversible Guidancecited by 25
- 2021Shape-aware Multi-Person Pose Estimation from Multi-View Imagescited by 24
- 2022Temporal Feature Alignment and Mutual Information Maximization for Video-Based Human Pose Estimationcited by 24
- 2023Sampling is Matter: Point-guided 3D Human Mesh Reconstructioncited by 24
- 2022ZoomNAS: Searching for Whole-body Human Pose Estimation in the Wildcited by 23
50 most cited of 214 All 214 (JSON)
- 2026SAFER-Activities: A Dataset for Smart Assessment of Fall Events and Routine Activities7 Sep 2026
- 2026Puffin-World: Scaling a Unified Multimodal Model with Native 3D World States3 Sep 2026
- 2026Topology-Unified 2D Pose Estimation across Intact, Residual and Prosthetic Limbs13 Aug 2026
- 2026Calibration-Free 3D Multi-Camera People Tracking for Indoor Environment22 Jul 2026
- 2026Vision as Unified Multimodal Generation7 Jul 2026
- 2026TrioPose: Native Triple-Stream Diffusion Transformers for Pose-Guided Text-to-Image Generation5 Jun 2026
- 2026InterMesh: Explicit Interaction-Aware End-to-End Multi-Person Human Mesh Recovery6 May 2026
- 2026Discriminative-Generative Synergy for Occlusion Robust 3D Human Mesh Recovery20 Apr 2026
- 2026UDAPose: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Low-Light Human Pose Estimation12 Apr 2026
- 2026Human Interaction-Aware 3D Reconstruction from a Single Image7 Apr 2026
- 2026Contrastive Multi-Modal Hypergraph Reasoning for 3D Crowd Mesh Recovery1 Apr 2026
- 2026Multi-Person Pose Estimation Evaluation Using Optimal Transportation and Improved Pose Matching11 Mar 2026
38 more
- 2026CIGPose: Causal Intervention Graph Neural Network for Whole-Body Pose Estimation10 Mar 2026
- 2026ER-Pose: Rethinking Keypoint-Driven Representation Learning for Real-Time Human Pose Estimation9 Mar 2026
- 2026Stereo-Inertial Poser: Towards Metric-Accurate Shape-Aware Motion Capture Using Sparse IMUs and a Single Stereo Camera2 Mar 2026
- 2026BBoxMaskPose v2: Expanding Mutual Conditioning to 3D21 Jan 2026
- 2026SAM-pose2seg: Pose-Guided Human Instance Segmentation in Crowds13 Jan 2026
- 2026UnrealPose: Leveraging Game Engine Kinematics for Large-Scale Synthetic Human Pose Data2 Jan 2026
- 2025Avatar4D: Synthesizing Domain-Specific 4D Humans for Real-World Pose Estimation18 Dec 2025
- 2025Towards Metric-Aware Multi-Person Mesh Recovery by Jointly Optimizing Human Crowd in Camera Space17 Nov 2025
- 2025Group Inertial Poser: Multi-Person Pose and Global Translation from Sparse Inertial Sensors and Ultra-Wideband Ranging24 Oct 2025
- 2025Valeo Near-Field: a novel dataset for pedestrian intent detection17 Oct 2025
- 2025Detect Anything via Next Point Prediction14 Oct 2025
- 2025Online 3D Multi-Camera Perception through Robust 2D Tracking and Depth-based Late Aggregation12 Sep 2025
- 2025Parse Graph-Based Visual-Language Interaction for Human Pose Estimation9 Sep 2025
- 2025A Coarse-to-Fine Human Pose Estimation Method based on Two-stage Distillation and Progressive Graph Neural Network15 Aug 2025
- 2025KptLLM++: Towards Generic Keypoint Comprehension with Large Language Model15 Jul 2025
- 2025Joint angle based learning to refine kinematic human pose estimation15 Jul 2025
- 2025DETRPose: Real-Time End-to-End Multi-Person Pose Estimation via Modified Transformer Decoder and Novel Denoising Keypoints16 Jun 2025
- 2025Improvement of human health lifespan with hybrid group pose estimation methods28 May 2025
- 2025Learning better representations for crowded pedestrians in offboard LiDAR-camera 3D tracking-by-detection21 May 2025
- 2025Keypoints as Dynamic Centroids for Unified Human Pose and Segmentation17 May 2025
- 2025Recurrent Feature Mining and Keypoint Mixup Padding for Category-Agnostic Pose Estimation27 Mar 2025
- 2025STEP: Simultaneous Tracking and Estimation of Pose for Animals and Humans17 Mar 2025
- 2025Invisible Strings: Revealing Latent Dancer-to-Dancer Interactions with Graph Neural Networks4 Mar 2025
- 2025Transformers with Joint Tokens and Local-Global Attention for Efficient Human Pose Estimation28 Feb 2025
- 2025MoFM: A Large-Scale Human Motion Foundation Model8 Feb 2025
- 2025BlanketGen2-Fit3D: Synthetic Blanket Augmentation Towards Improving Real-World In-Bed Blanket Occluded Human Pose Estimation21 Jan 2025
- 2025Refinement Module based on Parse Graph for Human Pose Estimation19 Jan 2025
- 2025SMPLest-X: Ultimate Scaling for Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation16 Jan 2025
- 2025Human Pose-Constrained UV Map Estimation15 Jan 2025
- 2025L3D-Pose: Lifting Pose for 3D Avatars from a Single Camera in the Wild2 Jan 2025
- 2024ProbPose: A Probabilistic Approach to 2D Human Pose Estimation3 Dec 2024
- 2024Detection, Pose Estimation and Segmentation for Multiple Bodies: Closing the Virtuous Circle2 Dec 2024
- 2024SAT-HMR: Real-Time Multi-Person 3D Mesh Estimation via Scale-Adaptive Tokens29 Nov 2024
- 2024Utilizing Uncertainty in 2D Pose Detectors for Probabilistic 3D Human Mesh Recovery25 Nov 2024
- 2024Privacy-Preserving Video Anomaly Detection: A Survey21 Nov 2024
- 2024KptLLM: Unveiling the Power of Large Language Model for Keypoint Comprehension4 Nov 2024
- 2024Referring Human Pose and Mask Estimation in the Wild27 Oct 2024
- 2024YourSkatingCoach: A Figure Skating Video Benchmark for Fine-Grained Element Analysis27 Oct 2024
50 newest of 214 All 214 (JSON)
- 2024HumanRefiner: Benchmarking Abnormal Human Generation and Refining with Coarse-to-fine Pose-Reversible Guidancecited by 25
- 2024DPMesh: Exploiting Diffusion Prior for Occluded Human Mesh Recoverycited by 17
- 2023Learning Structure-Guided Diffusion Model for 2D Human Pose Estimationcited by 5
- 2023DiffSLVA: Harnessing Diffusion Models for Sign Language Video Anonymizationcited by 3
- 2026TrioPose: Native Triple-Stream Diffusion Transformers for Pose-Guided Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1
- 2026TrioPose: Native Triple-Stream Diffusion Transformers for Pose-Guided Text-to-Image Generation5 Jun 2026
- 2024HumanRefiner: Benchmarking Abnormal Human Generation and Refining with Coarse-to-fine Pose-Reversible Guidance9 Jul 2024
- 2024DPMesh: Exploiting Diffusion Prior for Occluded Human Mesh Recovery1 Apr 2024
- 2023DiffSLVA: Harnessing Diffusion Models for Sign Language Video Anonymization27 Nov 2023
- 2023Learning Structure-Guided Diffusion Model for 2D Human Pose Estimation29 Jun 2023
- 2024SDPose: Tokenized Pose Estimation via Circulation-Guide Self-Distillationcited by 1
- 2024Cross-Domain Knowledge Distillation for Low-Resolution Human Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2025A Coarse-to-Fine Human Pose Estimation Method based on Two-stage Distillation and Progressive Graph Neural Networkcited by 0
- 2025A Coarse-to-Fine Human Pose Estimation Method based on Two-stage Distillation and Progressive Graph Neural Network15 Aug 2025
- 2024Cross-Domain Knowledge Distillation for Low-Resolution Human Pose Estimation19 May 2024
- 2024SDPose: Tokenized Pose Estimation via Circulation-Guide Self-Distillation4 Apr 2024
- 2024VisionLLM v2: An End-to-End Generalist Multimodal Large Language Model for Hundreds of Vision-Language Taskscited by 137
- 2024KptLLM: Unveiling the Power of Large Language Model for Keypoint Comprehensioncited by 5
- 2025KptLLM++: Towards Generic Keypoint Comprehension with Large Language Modelcited by 0
- 2025KptLLM++: Towards Generic Keypoint Comprehension with Large Language Model15 Jul 2025
- 2024KptLLM: Unveiling the Power of Large Language Model for Keypoint Comprehension4 Nov 2024
- 2024VisionLLM v2: An End-to-End Generalist Multimodal Large Language Model for Hundreds of Vision-Language Tasks12 Jun 2024
- 2022ViTPose: Simple Vision Transformer Baselines for Human Pose Estimationcited by 456
- 2022AlphaPose: Whole-Body Regional Multi-Person Pose Estimation and Tracking in Real-Timecited by 200
- 2023RTMPose: Real-Time Multi-Person Pose Estimation based on MMPosecited by 175
- 2023InstructDiffusion: A Generalist Modeling Interface for Vision Taskscited by 164
- 2023SMPLer-X: Scaling Up Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 155
- 2021Putting People in their Place: Monocular Regression of 3D People in Depthcited by 142
- 2021Human Pose Regression with Residual Log-likelihood Estimationcited by 131
- 2021AP-10K: A Benchmark for Animal Pose Estimation in the Wildcited by 123
- 2022Revealing the Dark Secrets of Masked Image Modelingcited by 117
- 2021Bottom-Up Human Pose Estimation Via Disentangled Keypoint Regressioncited by 112
- 2025Detect Anything via Next Point Predictioncited by 73
- 2024TAPVid-3D: A Benchmark for Tracking Any Point in 3Dcited by 72
12 most cited of 203 All 203 (JSON)
- 2026SAFER-Activities: A Dataset for Smart Assessment of Fall Events and Routine Activities7 Sep 2026
- 2026Puffin-World: Scaling a Unified Multimodal Model with Native 3D World States3 Sep 2026
- 2026Topology-Unified 2D Pose Estimation across Intact, Residual and Prosthetic Limbs13 Aug 2026
- 2026Calibration-Free 3D Multi-Camera People Tracking for Indoor Environment22 Jul 2026
- 2026Vision as Unified Multimodal Generation7 Jul 2026
- 2026InterMesh: Explicit Interaction-Aware End-to-End Multi-Person Human Mesh Recovery6 May 2026
- 2026Discriminative-Generative Synergy for Occlusion Robust 3D Human Mesh Recovery20 Apr 2026
- 2026UDAPose: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Low-Light Human Pose Estimation12 Apr 2026
- 2026Human Interaction-Aware 3D Reconstruction from a Single Image7 Apr 2026
- 2026Contrastive Multi-Modal Hypergraph Reasoning for 3D Crowd Mesh Recovery1 Apr 2026
- 2026Multi-Person Pose Estimation Evaluation Using Optimal Transportation and Improved Pose Matching11 Mar 2026
- 2026CIGPose: Causal Intervention Graph Neural Network for Whole-Body Pose Estimation10 Mar 2026
12 newest of 203 All 203 (JSON)