Probabilistic 3D Human Shape and Pose Estimation from Multiple Unconstrained Images in the Wild
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper addresses the problem of 3D human body shape and pose estimation from RGB images. Recent progress in this field has focused on single images, video or multi-view images as inputs. In contrast, we propose a new task: shape and pose estimation from a group of multiple images of a human subject, without constraints on subject pose, camera viewpoint or background conditions between images in the group. Our solution to this task predicts distributions over SMPL body shape and pose parameters conditioned on the input images in the group. We probabilistically combine predicted body shape distributions from each image to obtain a final multi-image shape prediction. We show that the additional body shape information present in multi-image input groups improves 3D human shape estimation metrics compared to single-image inputs on the SSP-3D dataset and a private dataset of tape-measured humans. In addition, predicting distributions over 3D bodies allows us to quantify pose prediction uncertainty, which is useful when faced with challenging input images with significant occlusion. Our method demonstrates meaningful pose uncertainty on the 3DPW dataset and is competitive with the state-of-the-art in terms of pose estimation metrics.
Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 41 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Mar 2021.
Builds on
41 of 58 references.
References · 41
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29 more
- 2018DensePose: Dense Human Pose Estimation In The Wildcited by 575
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- 2019PointRend: Image Segmentation as Renderingcited by 440
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- 2020I2L-MeshNet: Image-to-Lixel Prediction Network for Accurate 3D Human Pose and Mesh Estimation from a Single RGB Imagecited by 274
- 2019Convolutional Mesh Regression for Single-Image Human Shape Reconstructioncited by 270
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- 2018Learning to Estimate 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Color Imagecited by 226
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- 2018Neural Body Fitting: Unifying Deep Learning and Model-Based Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 185
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- 2019Exploiting temporal context for 3D human pose estimation in the wildcited by 110
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 11; 2023: 11; 2024: 12; 2025: 2.
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- 2023BEDLAM: A Synthetic Dataset of Bodies Exhibiting Detailed Lifelike Animated Motioncited by 236
- 2021Probabilistic Modeling for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 153
- 2022PyMAF-X: Towards Well-aligned Full-body Model Regression from Monocular Imagescited by 153
- 2022Recovering 3D Human Mesh from Monocular Images: A Surveycited by 103
- 2024Neural Localizer Fields for Continuous 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 59
- 2022FLAG: Flow-based 3D Avatar Generation from Sparse Observationscited by 55
- 2022Accurate 3D Body Shape Regression using Metric and Semantic Attributescited by 50
- 2021Hierarchical Kinematic Probability Distributions for 3D Human Shape and Pose Estimation from Images in the Wildcited by 48
- 2023SplatArmor: Articulated Gaussian splatting for animatable humans from monocular RGB videoscited by 35
- 2022Benchmarking and Analyzing 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation Beyond Algorithmscited by 28
- 2023HuManiFlow: Ancestor-Conditioned Normalising Flows on SO(3) Manifolds for Human Pose and Shape Distribution Estimationcited by 24
- 2024Look Ma, no markers: holistic performance capture without the hasslecited by 23
28 more
- 2021Coarse-to-fine Animal Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 16
- 2022H4D: Human 4D Modeling by Learning Neural Compositional Representationcited by 15
- 2024MEGA: Masked Generative Autoencoder for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 14
- 2023VQ-HPS: Human Pose and Shape Estimation in a Vector-Quantized Latent Spacecited by 13
- 2023Delving Deep into Pixel Alignment Feature for Accurate Multi-view Human Mesh Recoverycited by 10
- 2022Self-supervised Human Mesh Recovery with Cross-Representation Alignmentcited by 9
- 2022VL4Pose: Active Learning Through Out-Of-Distribution Detection For Pose Estimationcited by 9
- 2022Progressive Multi-view Human Mesh Recovery with Self-Supervisioncited by 9
- 2024SMPLer: Taming Transformers for Monocular 3D Human Shape and Pose Estimationcited by 9
- 2023Body Knowledge and Uncertainty Modeling for Monocular 3D Human Body Reconstructioncited by 8
- 2024Normalizing Flows on the Product Space of SO(3) Manifolds for Probabilistic Human Pose Modelingcited by 7
- 2023KBody: Towards general, robust, and aligned monocular whole-body estimationcited by 6
- 2021Probabilistic Estimation of 3D Human Shape and Pose with a Semantic Local Parametric Modelcited by 5
- 2023GloPro: Globally-Consistent Uncertainty-Aware 3D Human Pose Estimation & Tracking in the Wildcited by 5
- 2024StackFLOW: Monocular Human-Object Reconstruction by Stacked Normalizing Flow with Offsetcited by 5
- 2024Multi-hypotheses Conditioned Point Cloud Diffusion for 3D Human Reconstruction from Occluded Imagescited by 5
- 2024CondiMen: Conditional Multi-Person Mesh Recoverycited by 5
- 2024ShapeBoost: Boosting Human Shape Estimation with Part-Based Parameterization and Clothing-Preserving Augmentationcited by 4
- 2024Utilizing Uncertainty in 2D Pose Detectors for Probabilistic 3D Human Mesh Recoverycited by 4
- 2022Multi-view Human Body Mesh Translatorcited by 3
- 2022Human Body Measurement Estimation with Adversarial Augmentationcited by 3
- 2023Shape of You: Precise 3D shape estimations for diverse body typescited by 3
- 2024MoCap-to-Visual Domain Adaptation for Efficient Human Mesh Estimation from 2D Keypointscited by 3
- 2023Mesh Strikes Back: Fast and Efficient Human Reconstruction from RGB videoscited by 2
- 2023SHARE: Single-view Human Adversarial REconstructioncited by 0
- 2024Multi-RoI Human Mesh Recovery with Camera Consistency and Contrastive Lossescited by 0
- 2025LieHMR: Autoregressive Human Mesh Recovery with SO(3) Diffusioncited by 0
- 2025Point2Pose: A Generative Framework for 3D Human Pose Estimation with Multi-View Point Cloud Datasetcited by 0
- 2025Point2Pose: A Generative Framework for 3D Human Pose Estimation with Multi-View Point Cloud Dataset11 Dec 2025
- 2025LieHMR: Autoregressive Human Mesh Recovery with SO(3) Diffusion30 Sep 2025
- 2024CondiMen: Conditional Multi-Person Mesh Recovery17 Dec 2024
- 2024Utilizing Uncertainty in 2D Pose Detectors for Probabilistic 3D Human Mesh Recovery25 Nov 2024
- 2024Look Ma, no markers: holistic performance capture without the hassle15 Oct 2024
- 2024Multi-hypotheses Conditioned Point Cloud Diffusion for 3D Human Reconstruction from Occluded Images27 Sep 2024
- 2024StackFLOW: Monocular Human-Object Reconstruction by Stacked Normalizing Flow with Offset30 Jul 2024
- 2024Neural Localizer Fields for Continuous 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation10 Jul 2024
- 2024MEGA: Masked Generative Autoencoder for Human Mesh Recovery29 May 2024
- 2024SMPLer: Taming Transformers for Monocular 3D Human Shape and Pose Estimation23 Apr 2024
- 2024MoCap-to-Visual Domain Adaptation for Efficient Human Mesh Estimation from 2D Keypoints10 Apr 2024
- 2024Normalizing Flows on the Product Space of SO(3) Manifolds for Probabilistic Human Pose Modeling8 Apr 2024
28 more
- 2024ShapeBoost: Boosting Human Shape Estimation with Part-Based Parameterization and Clothing-Preserving Augmentation2 Mar 2024
- 2024Multi-RoI Human Mesh Recovery with Camera Consistency and Contrastive Losses3 Feb 2024
- 2023SHARE: Single-view Human Adversarial REconstruction30 Dec 2023
- 2023VQ-HPS: Human Pose and Shape Estimation in a Vector-Quantized Latent Space13 Dec 2023
- 2023SplatArmor: Articulated Gaussian splatting for animatable humans from monocular RGB videos17 Nov 2023
- 2023GloPro: Globally-Consistent Uncertainty-Aware 3D Human Pose Estimation & Tracking in the Wild19 Sep 2023
- 2023Body Knowledge and Uncertainty Modeling for Monocular 3D Human Body Reconstruction1 Aug 2023
- 2023BEDLAM: A Synthetic Dataset of Bodies Exhibiting Detailed Lifelike Animated Motion29 Jun 2023
- 2023HuManiFlow: Ancestor-Conditioned Normalising Flows on SO(3) Manifolds for Human Pose and Shape Distribution Estimation11 May 2023
- 2023KBody: Towards general, robust, and aligned monocular whole-body estimation23 Apr 2023
- 2023Shape of You: Precise 3D shape estimations for diverse body types14 Apr 2023
- 2023Mesh Strikes Back: Fast and Efficient Human Reconstruction from RGB videos15 Mar 2023
- 2023Delving Deep into Pixel Alignment Feature for Accurate Multi-view Human Mesh Recovery15 Jan 2023
- 2022Progressive Multi-view Human Mesh Recovery with Self-Supervision10 Dec 2022
- 2022VL4Pose: Active Learning Through Out-Of-Distribution Detection For Pose Estimation12 Oct 2022
- 2022Human Body Measurement Estimation with Adversarial Augmentation11 Oct 2022
- 2022Multi-view Human Body Mesh Translator4 Oct 2022
- 2022Benchmarking and Analyzing 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation Beyond Algorithms21 Sep 2022
- 2022Self-supervised Human Mesh Recovery with Cross-Representation Alignment10 Sep 2022
- 2022PyMAF-X: Towards Well-aligned Full-body Model Regression from Monocular Images13 Jul 2022
- 2022Accurate 3D Body Shape Regression using Metric and Semantic Attributes14 Jun 2022
- 2022FLAG: Flow-based 3D Avatar Generation from Sparse Observations11 Mar 2022
- 2022Recovering 3D Human Mesh from Monocular Images: A Survey3 Mar 2022
- 2022H4D: Human 4D Modeling by Learning Neural Compositional Representation2 Mar 2022
- 2021Probabilistic Estimation of 3D Human Shape and Pose with a Semantic Local Parametric Model30 Nov 2021
- 2021Coarse-to-fine Animal Pose and Shape Estimation16 Nov 2021
- 2021Hierarchical Kinematic Probability Distributions for 3D Human Shape and Pose Estimation from Images in the Wild3 Oct 2021
- 2021Probabilistic Modeling for Human Mesh Recovery26 Aug 2021
- 2023BEDLAM: A Synthetic Dataset of Bodies Exhibiting Detailed Lifelike Animated Motioncited by 236
- 2021Probabilistic Modeling for Human Mesh Recoverycited by 153
- 2022PyMAF-X: Towards Well-aligned Full-body Model Regression from Monocular Imagescited by 153
- 2022Recovering 3D Human Mesh from Monocular Images: A Surveycited by 103
- 2024Neural Localizer Fields for Continuous 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 59
- 2022FLAG: Flow-based 3D Avatar Generation from Sparse Observationscited by 55
- 2022Accurate 3D Body Shape Regression using Metric and Semantic Attributescited by 50
- 2021Hierarchical Kinematic Probability Distributions for 3D Human Shape and Pose Estimation from Images in the Wildcited by 48
- 2023SplatArmor: Articulated Gaussian splatting for animatable humans from monocular RGB videoscited by 35
- 2022Benchmarking and Analyzing 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation Beyond Algorithmscited by 28
- 2023HuManiFlow: Ancestor-Conditioned Normalising Flows on SO(3) Manifolds for Human Pose and Shape Distribution Estimationcited by 24
- 2024Look Ma, no markers: holistic performance capture without the hasslecited by 23
12 most cited of 39 All 39 (JSON)
- 2025Point2Pose: A Generative Framework for 3D Human Pose Estimation with Multi-View Point Cloud Dataset11 Dec 2025
- 2025LieHMR: Autoregressive Human Mesh Recovery with SO(3) Diffusion30 Sep 2025
- 2024CondiMen: Conditional Multi-Person Mesh Recovery17 Dec 2024
- 2024Utilizing Uncertainty in 2D Pose Detectors for Probabilistic 3D Human Mesh Recovery25 Nov 2024
- 2024Look Ma, no markers: holistic performance capture without the hassle15 Oct 2024
- 2024StackFLOW: Monocular Human-Object Reconstruction by Stacked Normalizing Flow with Offset30 Jul 2024
- 2024Neural Localizer Fields for Continuous 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation10 Jul 2024
- 2024MEGA: Masked Generative Autoencoder for Human Mesh Recovery29 May 2024
- 2024SMPLer: Taming Transformers for Monocular 3D Human Shape and Pose Estimation23 Apr 2024
- 2024MoCap-to-Visual Domain Adaptation for Efficient Human Mesh Estimation from 2D Keypoints10 Apr 2024
- 2024Normalizing Flows on the Product Space of SO(3) Manifolds for Probabilistic Human Pose Modeling8 Apr 2024
- 2024ShapeBoost: Boosting Human Shape Estimation with Part-Based Parameterization and Clothing-Preserving Augmentation2 Mar 2024
12 newest of 39 All 39 (JSON)