mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Coarse-to-fine Animal Pose and Shape Estimation

arXiv 2111.08176 ↗First posted 16 Nov 2021cs.CV cs.LGcited by 16

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Abstract (arXiv)

Most existing animal pose and shape estimation approaches reconstruct animal meshes with a parametric SMAL model. This is because the low-dimensional pose and shape parameters of the SMAL model makes it easier for deep networks to learn the high-dimensional animal meshes. However, the SMAL model is learned from scans of toy animals with limited pose and shape variations, and thus may not be able to represent highly varying real animals well. This may result in poor fittings of the estimated meshes to the 2D evidences, e.g. 2D keypoints or silhouettes. To mitigate this problem, we propose a coarse-to-fine approach to reconstruct 3D animal mesh from a single image. The coarse estimation stage first estimates the pose, shape and translation parameters of the SMAL model. The estimated meshes are then used as a starting point by a graph convolutional network (GCN) to predict a per-vertex deformation in the refinement stage. This combination of SMAL-based and vertex-based representations benefits from both parametric and non-parametric representations. We design our mesh refinement GCN (MRGCN) as an encoder-decoder structure with hierarchical feature representations to overcome the limited receptive field of traditional GCNs. Moreover, we observe that the global image feature used by existing animal mesh reconstruction works is unable to capture detailed shape information for mesh refinement. We thus introduce a local feature extractor to retrieve a vertex-level feature and use it together with the global feature as the input of the MRGCN. We test our approach on the StanfordExtra dataset and achieve state-of-the-art results. Furthermore, we test the generalization capacity of our approach on the Animal Pose and BADJA datasets. Our code is available at the project website.

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 31 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Nov 2021.

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31 of 35 references.

References · 31

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2016Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 11,361
  3. 2016Stacked Hourglass Networks for Human Pose Estimationcited by 915
  4. 2017End-to-end Recovery of Human Shape and Posecited by 885
  5. 2019PIFu: Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution Clothed Human Digitizationcited by 818
  6. 2016Keep it SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Imagecited by 695
  7. 2018Pixel2Mesh: Generating 3D Mesh Models from Single RGB Imagescited by 651
  8. 2019Learning to Reconstruct 3D Human Pose and Shape via Model-fitting in the Loopcited by 627
  9. 2019DISN: Deep Implicit Surface Network for High-quality Single-view 3D Reconstructioncited by 333
  10. 2018Learning Category-Specific Mesh Reconstruction from Image Collectionscited by 317
  11. 20163D Menagerie: Modeling the 3D shape and pose of animalscited by 312
  12. 2019Convolutional Mesh Regression for Single-Image Human Shape Reconstructioncited by 270
19 more
  1. 2018Generating 3D faces using Convolutional Mesh Autoencoderscited by 268
  2. 2020Pose2Mesh: Graph Convolutional Network for 3D Human Pose and Mesh Recovery from a 2D Human Posecited by 248
  3. 2017Tversky loss function for image segmentation using 3D fully convolutional deep networkscited by 228
  4. 2018Learning to Estimate 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Color Imagecited by 226
  5. 2017Unite the People: Closing the Loop Between 3D and 2D Human Representationscited by 205
  6. 2018Neural Body Fitting: Unifying Deep Learning and Model-Based Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 185
  7. 2018BodyNet: Volumetric Inference of 3D Human Body Shapescited by 141
  8. 2019Cross-Domain Adaptation for Animal Pose Estimationcited by 108
  9. 2019Three-D Safari: Learning to Estimate Zebra Pose, Shape, and Texture from Images "In the Wild"cited by 106
  10. 2019DenseRaC: Joint 3D Pose and Shape Estimation by Dense Render-and-Comparecited by 100
  11. 2017Towards Accurate Markerless Human Shape and Pose Estimation over Timecited by 92
  12. 2018Creatures great and SMAL: Recovering the shape and motion of animals from videocited by 84
  13. 2020Who Left the Dogs Out? 3D Animal Reconstruction with Expectation Maximization in the Loopcited by 81
  14. 2019Moulding Humans: Non-parametric 3D Human Shape Estimation from Single Imagescited by 67
  15. 20203D Human Mesh Regression with Dense Correspondencecited by 66
  16. 20203D Multi-bodies: Fitting Sets of Plausible 3D Human Models to Ambiguous Image Datacited by 50
  17. 2020Self-Supervised 3D Human Pose Estimation via Part Guided Novel Image Synthesiscited by 44
  18. 2021Probabilistic 3D Human Shape and Pose Estimation from Multiple Unconstrained Images in the Wildcited by 40
  19. 2020RGBD-Dog: Predicting Canine Pose from RGBD Sensorscited by 35

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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 3; 2024: 4; 2025: 5; 2026: 3.

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