RelPose: Predicting Probabilistic Relative Rotation for Single Objects in the Wild
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Abstract (arXiv)
We describe a data-driven method for inferring the camera viewpoints given multiple images of an arbitrary object. This task is a core component of classic geometric pipelines such as SfM and SLAM, and also serves as a vital pre-processing requirement for contemporary neural approaches (e.g. NeRF) to object reconstruction and view synthesis. In contrast to existing correspondence-driven methods that do not perform well given sparse views, we propose a top-down prediction based approach for estimating camera viewpoints. Our key technical insight is the use of an energy-based formulation for representing distributions over relative camera rotations, thus allowing us to explicitly represent multiple camera modes arising from object symmetries or views. Leveraging these relative predictions, we jointly estimate a consistent set of camera rotations from multiple images. We show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art SfM and SLAM methods given sparse images on both seen and unseen categories. Further, our probabilistic approach significantly outperforms directly regressing relative poses, suggesting that modeling multimodality is important for coherent joint reconstruction. We demonstrate that our system can be a stepping stone toward in-the-wild reconstruction from multi-view datasets. The project page with code and videos can be found at https://jasonyzhang.com/relpose.
Key facts. Cited by 102 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 64 of its 91 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Aug 2022.
Builds on
64 of 91 references.
References · 64
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- 2017PoseCNN: A Convolutional Neural Network for 6D Object Pose Estimation in Cluttered Scenescited by 775
- 2021DROID-SLAM: Deep Visual SLAM for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 687
- 2021Common Objects in 3D: Large-Scale Learning and Evaluation of Real-life 3D Category Reconstructioncited by 652
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- 2016Direct Sparse Odometrycited by 485
- 2019Making Convolutional Networks Shift-Invariant Againcited by 391
- 2019DenseFusion: 6D Object Pose Estimation by Iterative Dense Fusioncited by 355
- 2018GeoNet: Unsupervised Learning of Dense Depth, Optical Flow and Camera Posecited by 342
- 2016LIFT: Learned Invariant Feature Transformcited by 306
- 2017SSD-6D: Making RGB-based 3D detection and 6D pose estimation great againcited by 243
- 2018Pix3D: Dataset and Methods for Single-Image 3D Shape Modelingcited by 218
- 2017Real-Time Seamless Single Shot 6D Object Pose Predictioncited by 210
- 2016DeMoN: Depth and Motion Network for Learning Monocular Stereocited by 201
- 2021Pixel-Perfect Structure-from-Motion with Featuremetric Refinementcited by 200
- 2019Kimera: an Open-Source Library for Real-Time Metric-Semantic Localization and Mappingcited by 184
- 2018Unsupervised Learning of Depth and Ego-Motion from Monocular Video Using 3D Geometric Constraintscited by 179
- 2017DeepVO: Towards End-to-End Visual Odometry with Deep Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 175
- 2018BA-Net: Dense Bundle Adjustment Networkcited by 175
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- 2020Perceiving 3D Human-Object Spatial Arrangements from a Single Image in the Wildcited by 152
- 2019GLU-Net: Global-Local Universal Network for Dense Flow and Correspondencescited by 139
- 2021NeRS: Neural Reflectance Surfaces for Sparse-view 3D Reconstruction in the Wildcited by 136
- 2015Modelling Uncertainty in Deep Learning for Camera Relocalizationcited by 134
- 2020TartanVO: A Generalizable Learning-based VOcited by 108
- 2020HybridPose: 6D Object Pose Estimation under Hybrid Representationscited by 107
- 2020Learning Feature Descriptors using Camera Pose Supervisioncited by 104
- 2019Self-supervised 6D Object Pose Estimation for Robot Manipulationcited by 101
- 2019PoseRBPF: A Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter for 6D Object Pose Trackingcited by 91
- 2017SfM-Net: Learning of Structure and Motion from Videocited by 89
- 2018DeepTAM: Deep Tracking and Mappingcited by 87
- 2021LOLNeRF: Learn from One Lookcited by 84
- 2016Universal Correspondence Networkcited by 82
- 2018Making Deep Heatmaps Robust to Partial Occlusions for 3D Object Pose Estimationcited by 74
- 2019DeepSFM: Structure From Motion Via Deep Bundle Adjustmentcited by 70
- 2018Explaining the Ambiguity of Object Detection and 6D Pose From Visual Datacited by 68
- 2021Implicit-PDF: Non-Parametric Representation of Probability Distributions on the Rotation Manifoldcited by 65
- 2021RePOSE: Fast 6D Object Pose Refinement via Deep Texture Renderingcited by 63
- 2019C3DPO: Canonical 3D Pose Networks for Non-Rigid Structure From Motioncited by 61
- 2021Wide-Baseline Relative Camera Pose Estimation with Directional Learningcited by 49
- 2017Relative Camera Pose Estimation Using Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 47
50 most cited of 64 All 64 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 6; 2023: 21; 2024: 37; 2025: 28; 2026: 10.
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- 2025DiffusionSfM: Predicting Structure and Motion via Ray Origin and Endpoint Diffusioncited by 14
- 2024Customizing Text-to-Image Diffusion with Object Viewpoint Controlcited by 13
- 2024FAR: Flexible, Accurate and Robust 6DoF Relative Camera Pose Estimationcited by 12
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50 most cited of 102 All 102 (JSON)
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- 2026Pose Anything Anywhere:Model-free Object Poses from Arbitrary References22 Jun 2026
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- 2026Particle Diffusion Matching: Random Walk Correspondence Search for the Alignment of Standard and Ultra-Widefield Fundus Images11 Apr 2026
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- 2025Reloc-VGGT: Visual Re-localization with Geometry Grounded Transformer26 Dec 2025
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50 newest of 102 All 102 (JSON)
- 2023GenPose: Generative Category-level Object Pose Estimation via Diffusion Modelscited by 48
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- 2024SpaRP: Fast 3D Object Reconstruction and Pose Estimation from Sparse Viewscited by 35
- 2023iFusion: Inverting Diffusion for Pose-Free Reconstruction from Sparse Viewscited by 14
- 2025DiffusionSfM: Predicting Structure and Motion via Ray Origin and Endpoint Diffusioncited by 14
- 2024Customizing Text-to-Image Diffusion with Object Viewpoint Controlcited by 13
- 2023ID-Pose: Sparse-view Camera Pose Estimation by Inverting Diffusion Modelscited by 8
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- 2024Extreme Two-View Geometry From Object Poses with Diffusion Modelscited by 4
- 2024Pragmatist: Multiview Conditional Diffusion Models for High-Fidelity 3D Reconstruction from Unposed Sparse Viewscited by 2
- 2025GCRayDiffusion: Pose-Free Surface Reconstruction via Geometric Consistent Ray Diffusioncited by 0
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12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026QuacamFM: Quaternion-Constrained Flow Matching for Camera Pose Estimation26 Sep 2026
- 2026Landscape-Awareness for Geometric View Diffusion Model19 May 2026
- 2025DiffusionSfM: Predicting Structure and Motion via Ray Origin and Endpoint Diffusion8 May 2025
- 2025GCRayDiffusion: Pose-Free Surface Reconstruction via Geometric Consistent Ray Diffusion28 Mar 2025
- 2024Pragmatist: Multiview Conditional Diffusion Models for High-Fidelity 3D Reconstruction from Unposed Sparse Views11 Dec 2024
- 2024SpaRP: Fast 3D Object Reconstruction and Pose Estimation from Sparse Views19 Aug 2024
- 2024Customizing Text-to-Image Diffusion with Object Viewpoint Control18 Apr 2024
- 2024The More You See in 2D, the More You Perceive in 3D4 Apr 2024
- 2024Extreme Two-View Geometry From Object Poses with Diffusion Models5 Feb 2024
- 2023iFusion: Inverting Diffusion for Pose-Free Reconstruction from Sparse Views28 Dec 2023
- 2023Template Free Reconstruction of Human-object Interaction with Procedural Interaction Generation12 Dec 2023
- 2023ID-Pose: Sparse-view Camera Pose Estimation by Inverting Diffusion Models29 Jun 2023
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,567
- 2025VGGT: Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 1,539
- 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3Rcited by 983
- 2025Fast3R: Towards 3D Reconstruction of 1000+ Images in One Forward Passcited by 367
- 2023Visual Geometry Grounded Deep Structure From Motioncited by 227
- 2022SparseFusion: Distilling View-conditioned Diffusion for 3D Reconstructioncited by 216
- 2022SPARF: Neural Radiance Fields from Sparse and Noisy Posescited by 195
- 2025FLARE: Feed-forward Geometry, Appearance and Camera Estimation from Uncalibrated Sparse Viewscited by 180
- 2024MASt3R-SfM: a Fully-Integrated Solution for Unconstrained Structure-from-Motioncited by 162
- 2023PoseDiffusion: Solving Pose Estimation via Diffusion-aided Bundle Adjustmentcited by 147
- 2025MUSt3R: Multi-view Network for Stereo 3D Reconstructioncited by 141
- 2024Cameras as Rays: Pose Estimation via Ray Diffusioncited by 131
12 most cited of 89 All 89 (JSON)
- 2026BLASt3R: Bundle Adjustment of Any Image Set with Multi-View Matching and Monocular Priors4 Sep 2026
- 2026Pose Anything Anywhere:Model-free Object Poses from Arbitrary References22 Jun 2026
- 2026Particle Diffusion Matching: Random Walk Correspondence Search for the Alignment of Standard and Ultra-Widefield Fundus Images11 Apr 2026
- 2026Active Diffusion Matching: Score-based Iterative Alignment of Cross-Modal Retinal Images11 Apr 2026
- 2026Scal3R: Scalable Test-Time Training for Large-Scale 3D Reconstruction9 Apr 2026
- 2026Scene Grounding In the Wild27 Mar 2026
- 2026Video Understanding: From Geometry and Semantics to Unified Models18 Mar 2026
- 2026Finding NeMO: A Geometry-Aware Representation of Template Views for Few-Shot Perception4 Feb 2026
- 2025Reloc-VGGT: Visual Re-localization with Geometry Grounded Transformer26 Dec 2025
- 2025Eff-GRot: Efficient and Generalizable Rotation Estimation with Transformers21 Dec 2025
- 2025E-RayZer: Self-supervised 3D Reconstruction as Spatial Visual Pre-training11 Dec 2025
- 2025Emergent Extreme-View Geometry in 3D Foundation Models27 Nov 2025
12 newest of 89 All 89 (JSON)