GeoAware-VLA: Implicit Geometry Aware Vision-Language-Action Model
On the map: Vision-language-action models → 3D and spatial-aware VLA
Abstract (arXiv)
Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models often fail to generalize to unseen camera viewpoints, a limitation stemming from their difficulty in inferring robust 3D geometry from 2D images. We introduce GeoAware-VLA, a simple yet effective approach that enhances viewpoint invariance by integrating strong geometric priors into the vision backbone. Instead of training a visual encoder or relying on explicit 3D data, we leverage a frozen, pretrained geometric vision model as a feature extractor. A lightweight, trainable projection layer then adapts these geometrically-rich features for the policy decoder, relieving it of the burden of learning 3D consistency from scratch. Through extensive evaluations on the LIBERO and CALVIN benchmarks, we show that GeoAware-VLA preserves and even improves in-distribution performance while achieving substantial gains in zero-shot generalization to unseen camera poses, improving unseen-view success rates by an average of 35 percentage points on LIBERO and over 11 percentage points on CALVIN compared to their respective baselines. Crucially, these gains transfer to the physical world, where our model shows significant improvement on a real robotic platform. Our approach proves effective across both continuous and discrete action spaces, highlighting that robust geometric grounding is a key ingredient for building more generalizable robotic agents.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in 3D and spatial-aware VLA, one of 13 directions in Vision-language-action models. Builds on 35 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Sep 2025.
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35 of 46 references.
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Other references · 34
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
- 2023Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Trainingcited by 3,048
- 2023RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Controlcited by 2,993
- 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 2,777
- 2023Diffusion Policy: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Action Diffusioncited by 2,730
- 2024π0: A Vision-Language-Action Flow Model for General Robot Controlcited by 2,297
- 2017FiLM: Visual Reasoning with a General Conditioning Layercited by 2,286
- 2022RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scalecited by 2,007
- 2025π0.5: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalizationcited by 1,653
- 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,526
- 2025VGGT: Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 1,475
22 more
- 2024Octo: An Open-Source Generalist Robot Policycited by 1,427
- 2023LIBERO: Benchmarking Knowledge Transfer for Lifelong Robot Learningcited by 1,338
- 2025SigLIP 2: Multilingual Vision-Language Encoders with Improved Semantic Understanding, Localization, and Dense Featurescited by 1,127
- 2025Fine-Tuning Vision-Language-Action Models: Optimizing Speed and Successcited by 844
- 2022A Generalist Agentcited by 802
- 2023BridgeData V2: A Dataset for Robot Learning at Scalecited by 634
- 2021CALVIN: A Benchmark for Language-Conditioned Policy Learning for Long-Horizon Robot Manipulation Taskscited by 564
- 2022Perceiver-Actor: A Multi-Task Transformer for Robotic Manipulationcited by 545
- 2024Evaluating Real-World Robot Manipulation Policies in Simulationcited by 484
- 2021Implicit Behavioral Cloningcited by 442
- 20243D Diffuser Actor: Policy Diffusion with 3D Scene Representationscited by 278
- 2024Behavior Generation with Latent Actionscited by 159
- 2025MUSt3R: Multi-view Network for Stereo 3D Reconstructioncited by 139
- 2023Act3D: 3D Feature Field Transformers for Multi-Task Robotic Manipulationcited by 135
- 2024BAKU: An Efficient Transformer for Multi-Task Policy Learningcited by 80
- 2023Multi-View Masked World Models for Visual Robotic Manipulationcited by 78
- 2023Decomposing the Generalization Gap in Imitation Learning for Visual Robotic Manipulationcited by 78
- 2023Learning Generalizable Manipulation Policies with Object-Centric 3D Representationscited by 60
- 2024View-Invariant Policy Learning via Zero-Shot Novel View Synthesiscited by 35
- 2025FP3: A 3D Foundation Policy for Robotic Manipulationcited by 31
- 2025Adapt3R: Adaptive 3D Scene Representation for Domain Transfer in Imitation Learningcited by 16
- 2025Mobi-π: Mobilizing Your Robot Learning Policycited by 9
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 23.
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- 2026VGGT-Omegacited by 20
- 2026VGGDrive: Empowering Vision-Language Models with Cross-View Geometric Grounding for Autonomous Drivingcited by 19
- 2026Evo-Depth: A Lightweight Depth-Enhanced Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 13
- 2025VLA Models Are More Generalizable Than You Think: Revisiting Physical and Spatial Modelingcited by 11
- 2026Geometric Action Model for Robot Policy Learningcited by 10
- 2026AnyCamVLA: Zero-Shot Camera Adaptation for Viewpoint Robust Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 7
- 2026ConsisVLA-4D: Advancing Spatiotemporal Consistency in Efficient 3D-Perception and 4D-Reasoning for Robotic Manipulationcited by 6
- 2026Understanding the Impact of Geometric Foundation Models on Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 4
- 2026Learning Action Manifold with Multi-view Latent Priors for Robotic Manipulationcited by 3
- 2026GaussianDream: A Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian World Model for Robotic Manipulationcited by 3
- 2026From Fixed to Free Cameras: Calibration-Free View-Robust Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 3
- 2026R3DP: Real-Time 3D-Aware Policy for Embodied Manipulationcited by 2
12 more
- 2026PVI: Plug-in Visual Injection for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 1
- 20263DThinkVLA: Endowing Vision-Language-Action Models with Latent 3D Priors via 3D-Thinking-Guided Co-trainingcited by 1
- 2026Cross-View Action Consistency for Camera-Robust Vision-Language-Action Policiescited by 1
- 2026Domain Arithmetic: One-Shot VLA Adaptation under Environmental Shiftscited by 0
- 2026The Moving Eye: Enhancing VLA Spatial Generalization via Hybrid Dynamic Data Collectioncited by 0
- 2026RayViT: Ray-Conditioned Visual Representations for Viewpoint-Robust Imitation Learningcited by 0
- 2026Decoupling Intention from Trajectory: A Representational Deduction Framework for World Action Modelscited by 0
- 2026GaussianDream++: Efficient 3D Gaussian World Modeling for Robotic Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026InfiNoVA: Infinite Novel View Augmentation for Viewpoint Invariant Robot Policiescited by 0
- 2026MVG-WAM: Multiple View Geometry-Aware World-Action Modeling for Robotic Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026WARP-VLA: Wrist-Camera Adaptation for View-Robust Policy Execution in Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 0
- 2026VersaCamVLA: Camera-Configurable VLA Policies for Robotic Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026VersaCamVLA: Camera-Configurable VLA Policies for Robotic Manipulation8 Oct 2026
- 2026WARP-VLA: Wrist-Camera Adaptation for View-Robust Policy Execution in Vision-Language-Action Models8 Oct 2026
- 2026MVG-WAM: Multiple View Geometry-Aware World-Action Modeling for Robotic Manipulation29 Sep 2026
- 2026InfiNoVA: Infinite Novel View Augmentation for Viewpoint Invariant Robot Policies23 Sep 2026
- 2026GaussianDream++: Efficient 3D Gaussian World Modeling for Robotic Manipulation26 Aug 2026
- 2026Decoupling Intention from Trajectory: A Representational Deduction Framework for World Action Models7 Aug 2026
- 2026Cross-View Action Consistency for Camera-Robust Vision-Language-Action Policies7 Aug 2026
- 2026RayViT: Ray-Conditioned Visual Representations for Viewpoint-Robust Imitation Learning31 Jul 2026
- 2026From Fixed to Free Cameras: Calibration-Free View-Robust Vision-Language-Action Model6 Jul 2026
- 2026The Moving Eye: Enhancing VLA Spatial Generalization via Hybrid Dynamic Data Collection2 Jul 2026
- 2026Domain Arithmetic: One-Shot VLA Adaptation under Environmental Shifts1 Jul 2026
- 2026Geometric Action Model for Robot Policy Learning15 Jun 2026
12 more
- 20263DThinkVLA: Endowing Vision-Language-Action Models with Latent 3D Priors via 3D-Thinking-Guided Co-training3 Jun 2026
- 2026Understanding the Impact of Geometric Foundation Models on Vision-Language-Action Models23 May 2026
- 2026GaussianDream: A Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian World Model for Robotic Manipulation20 May 2026
- 2026VGGT-Omega14 May 2026
- 2026Evo-Depth: A Lightweight Depth-Enhanced Vision-Language-Action Model14 May 2026
- 2026Learning Action Manifold with Multi-view Latent Priors for Robotic Manipulation12 May 2026
- 2026ConsisVLA-4D: Advancing Spatiotemporal Consistency in Efficient 3D-Perception and 4D-Reasoning for Robotic Manipulation6 May 2026
- 2026R3DP: Real-Time 3D-Aware Policy for Embodied Manipulation15 Mar 2026
- 2026PVI: Plug-in Visual Injection for Vision-Language-Action Models13 Mar 2026
- 2026AnyCamVLA: Zero-Shot Camera Adaptation for Viewpoint Robust Vision-Language-Action Models6 Mar 2026
- 2026VGGDrive: Empowering Vision-Language Models with Cross-View Geometric Grounding for Autonomous Driving24 Feb 2026
- 2025VLA Models Are More Generalizable Than You Think: Revisiting Physical and Spatial Modeling2 Dec 2025
- 2026Evo-Depth: A Lightweight Depth-Enhanced Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 13
- 2025VLA Models Are More Generalizable Than You Think: Revisiting Physical and Spatial Modelingcited by 11
- 2026AnyCamVLA: Zero-Shot Camera Adaptation for Viewpoint Robust Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 7
- 2026Understanding the Impact of Geometric Foundation Models on Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 4
- 2026Learning Action Manifold with Multi-view Latent Priors for Robotic Manipulationcited by 3
- 2026From Fixed to Free Cameras: Calibration-Free View-Robust Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 3
- 2026PVI: Plug-in Visual Injection for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 1
- 2026Cross-View Action Consistency for Camera-Robust Vision-Language-Action Policiescited by 1
- 2026Domain Arithmetic: One-Shot VLA Adaptation under Environmental Shiftscited by 0
- 2026The Moving Eye: Enhancing VLA Spatial Generalization via Hybrid Dynamic Data Collectioncited by 0
- 2026InfiNoVA: Infinite Novel View Augmentation for Viewpoint Invariant Robot Policiescited by 0
- 2026InfiNoVA: Infinite Novel View Augmentation for Viewpoint Invariant Robot Policies23 Sep 2026
- 2026Cross-View Action Consistency for Camera-Robust Vision-Language-Action Policies7 Aug 2026
- 2026From Fixed to Free Cameras: Calibration-Free View-Robust Vision-Language-Action Model6 Jul 2026
- 2026The Moving Eye: Enhancing VLA Spatial Generalization via Hybrid Dynamic Data Collection2 Jul 2026
- 2026Domain Arithmetic: One-Shot VLA Adaptation under Environmental Shifts1 Jul 2026
- 2026Understanding the Impact of Geometric Foundation Models on Vision-Language-Action Models23 May 2026
- 2026Evo-Depth: A Lightweight Depth-Enhanced Vision-Language-Action Model14 May 2026
- 2026Learning Action Manifold with Multi-view Latent Priors for Robotic Manipulation12 May 2026
- 2026PVI: Plug-in Visual Injection for Vision-Language-Action Models13 Mar 2026
- 2026AnyCamVLA: Zero-Shot Camera Adaptation for Viewpoint Robust Vision-Language-Action Models6 Mar 2026
- 2025VLA Models Are More Generalizable Than You Think: Revisiting Physical and Spatial Modeling2 Dec 2025
- 2026Geometric Action Model for Robot Policy Learningcited by 10
- 2026GaussianDream: A Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian World Model for Robotic Manipulationcited by 3
- 2026Decoupling Intention from Trajectory: A Representational Deduction Framework for World Action Modelscited by 0
- 2026GaussianDream++: Efficient 3D Gaussian World Modeling for Robotic Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026MVG-WAM: Multiple View Geometry-Aware World-Action Modeling for Robotic Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026MVG-WAM: Multiple View Geometry-Aware World-Action Modeling for Robotic Manipulation29 Sep 2026
- 2026GaussianDream++: Efficient 3D Gaussian World Modeling for Robotic Manipulation26 Aug 2026
- 2026Decoupling Intention from Trajectory: A Representational Deduction Framework for World Action Models7 Aug 2026
- 2026Geometric Action Model for Robot Policy Learning15 Jun 2026
- 2026GaussianDream: A Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian World Model for Robotic Manipulation20 May 2026
Similar, not cited
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- 2026GeoBridge-VLA: Geometry-Aware Residual Adaptation for Vision-Language-Action Models
- 2026GeomVLA: Unifying Scene, Motion, and Action in 3D
- 2025GeoVLA: Empowering 3D Representations in Vision-Language-Action Models
- 2026GaussVLA: Geometry-Aware Spatial Reasoning for Vision-Language-Action Model
- 2025GLaD: Geometric Latent Distillation for Vision-Language-Action Models
- 2025StereoVLA: Enhancing Vision-Language-Action Models with Stereo Vision
- 2026GeoWorld-VLM: Geometry from World Models for Vision-Language Models
- 2025SwiftVLA: Unlocking Spatiotemporal Dynamics for Lightweight VLA Models at Minimal Overhead