Joint Audio-Text Model for Expressive Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Speech-driven 3D facial animation with accurate lip synchronization has been widely studied. However, synthesizing realistic motions for the entire face during speech has rarely been explored. In this work, we present a joint audio-text model to capture the contextual information for expressive speech-driven 3D facial animation. The existing datasets are collected to cover as many different phonemes as possible instead of sentences, thus limiting the capability of the audio-based model to learn more diverse contexts. To address this, we propose to leverage the contextual text embeddings extracted from the powerful pre-trained language model that has learned rich contextual representations from large-scale text data. Our hypothesis is that the text features can disambiguate the variations in upper face expressions, which are not strongly correlated with the audio. In contrast to prior approaches which learn phoneme-level features from the text, we investigate the high-level contextual text features for speech-driven 3D facial animation. We show that the combined acoustic and textual modalities can synthesize realistic facial expressions while maintaining audio-lip synchronization. We conduct the quantitative and qualitative evaluations as well as the perceptual user study. The results demonstrate the superior performance of our model against existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Dec 2021.
Builds on
23 of 45 references.
References · 23
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- 2016WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audiocited by 1,722
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- 2017Tensor Fusion Network for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 433
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11 more
- 2020Speech Gesture Generation from the Trimodal Context of Text, Audio, and Speaker Identitycited by 202
- 2021MeshTalk: 3D Face Animation from Speech using Cross-Modality Disentanglementcited by 190
- 2018X2Face: A network for controlling face generation by using images, audio, and pose codescited by 189
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- 2019Realistic Speech-Driven Facial Animation with GANscited by 142
- 2020Talking-head Generation with Rhythmic Head Motioncited by 112
- 2020Gesticulator: A framework for semantically-aware speech-driven gesture generationcited by 84
- 2018VisemeNet: Audio-Driven Animator-Centric Speech Animationcited by 63
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- 20213D-TalkEmo: Learning to Synthesize 3D Emotional Talking Headcited by 11
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 9; 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
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- 2023CodeTalker: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Discrete Motion Priorcited by 184
- 2023FaceDiffuser: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Diffusioncited by 78
- 2024Media2Face: Co-speech Facial Animation Generation With Multi-Modality Guidancecited by 39
- 2023FaceXHuBERT: Text-less Speech-driven E(X)pressive 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learningcited by 29
- 2023UniFLG: Unified Facial Landmark Generator from Text or Speechcited by 8
- 2025Wav2Sem: Plug-and-Play Audio Semantic Decoupling for 3D Speech-Driven Facial Animationcited by 8
- 2024InterAct: Capture and Modelling of Realistic, Expressive and Interactive Activities between Two Persons in Daily Scenarioscited by 7
- 2023PMMTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation from Complementary Pseudo Multi-modal Featurescited by 6
- 2023REACT2023: the first Multi-modal Multiple Appropriate Facial Reaction Generation Challengecited by 5
- 2025Towards High-fidelity 3D Talking Avatar with Personalized Dynamic Texturecited by 5
- 2023DF-3DFace: One-to-Many Speech Synchronized 3D Face Animation with Diffusioncited by 3
- 2023DualTalker: A Cross-Modal Dual Learning Approach for Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animationcited by 2
3 more
- 2023Pose-Controllable 3D Facial Animation Synthesis using Hierarchical Audio-Vertex Attentioncited by 0
- 2026AudioFace: Language-Assisted Speech-Driven Facial Animation with Multimodal Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026ECHO: Dyadic 3D Facial Motion Generation with Asymmetric Deterministic Articulation and Stochastic Reactioncited by 0
- 2026ECHO: Dyadic 3D Facial Motion Generation with Asymmetric Deterministic Articulation and Stochastic Reaction29 Aug 2026
- 2026AudioFace: Language-Assisted Speech-Driven Facial Animation with Multimodal Language Models8 May 2026
- 2025Wav2Sem: Plug-and-Play Audio Semantic Decoupling for 3D Speech-Driven Facial Animation29 May 2025
- 2025Towards High-fidelity 3D Talking Avatar with Personalized Dynamic Texture1 Mar 2025
- 2024InterAct: Capture and Modelling of Realistic, Expressive and Interactive Activities between Two Persons in Daily Scenarios19 May 2024
- 2024Media2Face: Co-speech Facial Animation Generation With Multi-Modality Guidance28 Jan 2024
- 2023PMMTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation from Complementary Pseudo Multi-modal Features5 Dec 2023
- 2023DualTalker: A Cross-Modal Dual Learning Approach for Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation8 Nov 2023
- 2023FaceDiffuser: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Diffusion20 Sep 2023
- 2023DF-3DFace: One-to-Many Speech Synchronized 3D Face Animation with Diffusion23 Aug 2023
- 2023REACT2023: the first Multi-modal Multiple Appropriate Facial Reaction Generation Challenge11 Jun 2023
- 2023FaceXHuBERT: Text-less Speech-driven E(X)pressive 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning9 Mar 2023
- 2023CodeTalker: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation with Discrete Motion Priorcited by 184
- 2023FaceDiffuser: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Diffusioncited by 78
- 2024Media2Face: Co-speech Facial Animation Generation With Multi-Modality Guidancecited by 39
- 2023FaceXHuBERT: Text-less Speech-driven E(X)pressive 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learningcited by 29
- 2023UniFLG: Unified Facial Landmark Generator from Text or Speechcited by 8
- 2025Wav2Sem: Plug-and-Play Audio Semantic Decoupling for 3D Speech-Driven Facial Animationcited by 8
- 2024InterAct: Capture and Modelling of Realistic, Expressive and Interactive Activities between Two Persons in Daily Scenarioscited by 7
- 2023PMMTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation from Complementary Pseudo Multi-modal Featurescited by 6
- 2023REACT2023: the first Multi-modal Multiple Appropriate Facial Reaction Generation Challengecited by 5
- 2025Towards High-fidelity 3D Talking Avatar with Personalized Dynamic Texturecited by 5
- 2023DF-3DFace: One-to-Many Speech Synchronized 3D Face Animation with Diffusioncited by 3
- 2023DualTalker: A Cross-Modal Dual Learning Approach for Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animationcited by 2
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026ECHO: Dyadic 3D Facial Motion Generation with Asymmetric Deterministic Articulation and Stochastic Reaction29 Aug 2026
- 2025Wav2Sem: Plug-and-Play Audio Semantic Decoupling for 3D Speech-Driven Facial Animation29 May 2025
- 2025Towards High-fidelity 3D Talking Avatar with Personalized Dynamic Texture1 Mar 2025
- 2024InterAct: Capture and Modelling of Realistic, Expressive and Interactive Activities between Two Persons in Daily Scenarios19 May 2024
- 2024Media2Face: Co-speech Facial Animation Generation With Multi-Modality Guidance28 Jan 2024
- 2023PMMTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation from Complementary Pseudo Multi-modal Features5 Dec 2023
- 2023DualTalker: A Cross-Modal Dual Learning Approach for Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation8 Nov 2023
- 2023FaceDiffuser: Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Diffusion20 Sep 2023
- 2023DF-3DFace: One-to-Many Speech Synchronized 3D Face Animation with Diffusion23 Aug 2023
- 2023REACT2023: the first Multi-modal Multiple Appropriate Facial Reaction Generation Challenge11 Jun 2023
- 2023FaceXHuBERT: Text-less Speech-driven E(X)pressive 3D Facial Animation Synthesis Using Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning9 Mar 2023
- 2023UniFLG: Unified Facial Landmark Generator from Text or Speech28 Feb 2023
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)